Management Level Research Articles

Experiences of Teachers in School Administrator and Instructional Support: Management Plan

This research explored the lived experiences of the teachers about the school administrators’ instructional support of Malabuyoc District, Cebu for the School Year 2023-2024 as a basis for a proposed management plan. This study is anchored on Vygotsky Scaffolding and Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) Theory and Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory. This study used a mixed-method research design. There is no specific sequence in gathering the quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data are presented in a descriptive table to show the level of Collegiality, Classroom Management and Professional Development. Whereas the qualitative data are treated using thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke. There were 33 respondents to this study. To have a descriptive view of the extent of the public-school teachers’ perception regarding the school administrators’ instructional support as to classroom management, collegiality, and professional development, mean and standard deviation were used. To obtain the lens of the lived experiences between the school’s instructional support and the teachers, Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis was used. Under the qualitative analysis, this study captured 7 core themes namely: coping with intrinsic negativities, overcoming obstacles, Mentoring the mentors, Reaching the goals, achieving a conducive learning environment, Deciding the appropriate strategies and methods, and exemplifying the right attitude. The meaning of the themes is capsulated to one – COMRADE. Teachers received various support from the school administrators. During classroom discussions, school administrators perform their duties and responsibilities to provide quality feedback and constructive comments and suggestions to better the teaching performance of the teachers. When teachers are provided with a supportive learning environment, they advance in their pedagogy making their classroom a conducive and positive learning environment. Making the teachers scaffolded with the necessary skills and teaching competence creates a domino effect on the academic performance of the learners. This study highly recommends capacitating activities during the faculty meetings where school administrators will lead the team in realizing their full potential. Providing quality feedback should be sustained. School heads will continue to allow the teachers to be exposed to different relevant training and seminars.

Geoinformatics-based prioritisation of natural resources rich regions at disaggregated levels for sustainable management

Natural Resource Rich Regions (NRRRs) are ecologically and economically vital regions that support the livelihood of people through the sustained ecosystem process involving interaction among biotic and abiotic elements. Identifying NRRRs, considering spatially ecological, geo-climatic, biological, and social dimensions, would help in conservation planning and prudent management of natural resources as per the Biodiversity Act 2002, Government of India. Changes in the landscape structure would lead to alterations in the composition and health of these regions with irreversible changes in the ecosystem process, impacting the sustenance of natural resources. Landscape dynamics is assessed by classifying temporal remote sensing data using the supervised machine learning (ML) technique based on the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. Additionally, predicting likely land use changes in ecologically fragile areas would help formulate appropriate location-specific mitigation measures. Modeling likely land uses through the simulation of long-term spatial variations of complex patterns has been done through the CA–Markov model. Prioritization of NRRRs at disaggregated levels highlights that 12% of the total geographical area of the district is under NRRR 1 and NRRR 2, 54% of the total geographical area under NRRR 3, and the rest of the region under NRRR 4. The current study emphasizes the need for robust decision support systems to aid in effective policy formulation for conserving and restoring natural resources.Clinical trial number: Not applicable.Graphical

Design and implementation of a wireless network with mechanisms that do not violate security to meet the demand of higher education institutions

At the Autonomous University the current wireless network infrastructure is insufficient to meet the growing demand for access, causing failures and intermittencies in the service. Faced with this problem, a thesis proposal has been developed to implement a modern wireless network with high user density, centralized management and improved security schemes. The proposed methodology for the implementation of a high-density wireless network in a higher education institution. In conclusion, the project made it possible to comply with the hypothesis proposed since the implementation of a robust wireless network, with adequate levels of security and profile management, facilitated the ubiquitous access of online academic resources by the student and teaching community of the university. This translates into support for educational quality.

Analysis of the Principal's Level of Financial Management Understanding in Enhancing Facilities and Infrastructure

This research evaluates the principal's understanding of financial management and its direct impact on improving facilities and infrastructure at SMA Negeri 1 Palopo. Using a quantitative research approach, the study reveals that the principal’s understanding of financial management falls within the medium category, with an average score of 57.75. This indicates a fairly good comprehension but highlights the need for optimization. Meanwhile, the adequacy level of school facilities and infrastructure is rated at 51.92%, which, although classified as sufficient, still requires improvement. The findings emphasize a direct correlation between financial management understanding and the quality of school facilities. Effective financial management allows for better allocation of resources, ensuring that funds are utilized efficiently to enhance infrastructure. However, challenges such as limited human resources and budget constraints hinder progress. Managerial focus on the quality and suitability of school facilities plays a crucial role in bridging this gap. Therefore, strengthening financial literacy among school leaders can lead to more strategic planning and improved infrastructure development. This study underscores the necessity of enhancing financial management skills to maximize available resources, ultimately fostering a better learning environment through improved school facilities. These insights offer valuable directions for policy improvements and future educational management strategies.

Research on Personnel Turnover of Beijing Qinghu Software Limited Company

With the improvement of China's economic level, the loss of enterprise personnel is very common. The large number of personnel loss in Internet enterprises has aroused more and more attention. No matter any enterprise, human resources are extremely important, an enterprise without human resources can not be said to have core competitiveness. Human resources also affect the trend of enterprises. Due to the rapid development of the Internet, the phenomenon of staff loss is quite obvious. It is of great significance to analyze the reasons of personnel turnover and put forward corresponding solutions for the sustainable and healthy development of relevant enterprises. Software co., LTD., Beijing green lake as the research object, analysis software co., LTD., Beijing green lake personnel loss situation, influence and reason, through on-the-spot investigation method and interview method, and other forms, from the external environment factors, internal factors and their employees, and other Angle, analyze the root cause of the high staff turnover rate, Then put forward the concrete measures to reduce the loss of personnel in Beijing Qinghu Software Co., LTD. Namely, enterprises should improve the system of performance evaluation, compensation system reform, strengthen the employees' career training, build scientific promotion mechanism, strengthen enterprise culture construction work together, should not only focus on employee's work ability, but also pay attention to employees for the identity of the enterprise, let employees to wuxi, proud of working in the enterprise, reduce staff turnover. At the same time, attracting more excellent employees to join the company aims to effectively reduce staff turnover, enhance the level of human resource management, and provide reference for similar companies to deal with staff turnover.

Agricultural cooperatives in Kazakhstan: state, problems and development mechanisms

Agricultural cooperatives (hereinafter referred to as АС) play an important role in solving and resolving the problems of the agri-food sector, such as hunger and malnutrition, rural employment, strengthening local selfgovernment, reducing power asymmetry and promoting public-private partnerships. The purpose of the article is to identify the main problems and propose settlement mechanisms through a comprehensive analysis of the current state of АС development in Kazakhstan. The article analyzes the number, membership and dynamic changes of АС in the regions of the republic. In order to qualitatively study the state of development of АС, a survey was conducted to identify the level of motivation and activity of the rural population to join АС. As a result, a number of problems were identified that hinder the development of АС, including: frequent changes in the conditions specified in the framework of АС support programs, the problem of income distribution among members of АС, mutual distrust, lack of motivation for peasant or farm farms, households joining АС, insufficient agricultural education, lack of access to consulting services services, lack of productive dialogue and effective integration between processors and small farmers in the sale of products, insufficient professional training of managers and specialists of cooperatives, etc. Summing up the results of the study, we proved that currently Kazakhstan needs to give priority attention to specialized АС, namely: to develop areas of technical support, processing, marketing, delivery, maintenance, create insurance and tax benefits for АС, improve the professional level of managers and specialists of cooperatives, improve the conditions for subsidizing АС compared to other forms of farming.

The Effect of Employees Perceptions of Internal Audit and Sustainability on Employee Performance

Purpose–The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of employees' perceptions of internal audit and sustainability on their performance. Design/methodology/approach –In this context, a research was conducted on employees of a well-established, large-scale food and beverage company operating in Istanbul. Analyses were carried out using data obtained from 218 employees of the company through a random sampling method. Independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA tests and multiple regression methods were used for data analysis and hypothesis testing. Results –The results of the study revealed that employees' perceptions of internal audit and sustainability significantly differ according to variables such as gender, age, education level, and work experience, and that only employees' perceptions of sustainability positively affect their performance.Discussion –In order for businesses to act as a whole with their employees and to have an efficient and sustainable structure, the strategies implemented within the business must be presented in a clear and understandable manner. In order for employees' motivation andsense of belonging to increase their performance, it may be more beneficial to support important strategic decisions such as internal audit and sustainability not only at the managerial level but also with employee participation.

A Survey and Comparative Analysis of Risk Management Practiced by Islamic and Conventional Banks in Pakistan: An Empirical Study on Improving Risk Management

The purpose of this study is to assess the behavior of Islamic and conventional banks towards the improving risk management. This study is focused on survey and comparative of risk management practiced by Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan. The study also examines the adequacy level of risk management and managerial practices by these banks. Five types of risks faced by both Islamic and conventional banks including market risk, liquidity risk, credit risk, operational risk and risk management practices have been taken into the scope of this study. In order to assess the behavior of these banks towards the attentiveness of minimization of operational risks and following the aforementioned tools, exploratory approach has been adopted by developing a questionnaire for data collection. For this purpose, the concerned managerial level employees of 5 Islamic and 5 conventional banks have been selected. By the analysis of data collected, it is concluded thatcompared to conventional banks, Islamic banks in Pakistan place a greater emphasis on risk management practices to reduce operational risks.However, conventional banksare more focused on credit risk, liquidity risk and risk management practices than Islamic banks while the focus on risk management practice is shared by both types of banks. A conducting of survey and comparative analysis of risk management practices has important implications for improving organizational risk resilience, guiding policy and regulatory decisions, fostering best practices, and promoting overall market stability. Organizations can use the insights to refine their risk management processes, while regulators and policymakers can leverage the findings to enhance industry standards and safeguard public interests.

Companies Perspectives on Corporate Governance and General Compliance Structures: Konya Province Research

Purpose –The aim of this research is to reveal the opinions of companies operating in different sectors in Konya province on corporate governance principles and their compliance structures, as well as to examine their levels of differentiation according to certain demographic characteristics.Design/methodology/approach –The universe of the research consists of non-publicly traded capital companies that are members of the Konya Chamber of Industry and Commerce (N= 21,926). As a data collection tool in the research, relevant sections of the scale developed in collaboration by the Corporate Governance Association of Turkey (TKYD) (2015) and Boston Consulting Group (BCG) have been used. Findings –The initial objective's findings indicated that managers of non-public capital companies, affiliated with the Konya Chamber of Industry and Konya Chamber of Commerce, hold significantly positive views on corporate governance principles, with an average rating of 3.44.The compliance levels of managers in capital companies that are members of the Konya Chamber of Industry and Konya Chamber of Commerce and that are not listed on the stock exchange with corporate governance principles are high (x̄=3.78).Discussion –The opinions of the managers of joint stock companies affiliated with the Konya Chamber of Industry and the Konya Chamber of Commerce regarding the corporate governance principles are quite positive.The result; the views of companies in Konya province regarding corporate governance, as well as their levels of compliance with and differentiation in corporate governance principles, have been determined, evaluated, and interpreted.

The role of cut-off values for creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and uric acid in prognostic assessment of chronic heart failure: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundChronic heart failure (CHF) significantly harms patients and society, causing high mortality and reduced quality of life, straining healthcare systems; early identification and intervention are crucial for improving long-term prognosis.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study involved 297 CHF patients. After collecting data on demographics, lab results, echocardiography, and comorbidities, ROC analysis was used to determine optimal cut-off values, followed by survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression to identify poor prognosis risk factors.ResultsROC analysis set optimal cut-offs for Scr, BUN, and UA at 101.5 µmol/L, 8.61 mmol/L, and 462 µmol/L, with AUCs of 0.602 (Scr, UA) and 0.674 (BUN). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant curve separation, while Cox regression identified risk factors for poor prognosis: Scr ≥ 101.5 µmol/L (HR = 2.209, 95% CI 1.372–3.557, P = 0.001), BUN ≥ 8.61 mmol/L (HR = 3.709, 95% CI 2.270–6.061, P < 0.001), UA ≥ 462 µmol/L (HR = 2.625, 95% CI 1.631–4.228, P < 0.001), male sex(HR = 1.764, 95% CI 1.067–2.915, P = 0.027), hyperlipidemia (HR = 0.567, 95% CI 0.351–0.916, P = 0.02), and re-hospitalization(HR = 0.480, 95% CI 0.280–0.826, P = 0.008). Subgroup analysis indicates that male gender is a significant risk factor for females (OR:2.424, P < 0.001); and age also posed a risk (OR:1.026, P = 0.036). NYHA class IV had an OR of 0.42 compared to class III (P < 0.001), and class III had an OR of 0.307 compared to class II (P = 0.016). Patients without CHD had a 1.905-fold increased risk of poor prognosis (P = 0.033).ConclusionThis study highlights key characteristics, assessment parameters, and risk factors for CHF patients, emphasizing the importance of Scr, BUN, and UA cut-off levels in management and guiding future research.

Duty of Care – Safety Management and Crew Welfare

Indeed, the shipping industry brings the world closer through trade, but even this is survived under the relentless efforts of its unsung heroes: seafarers. Yet, life at sea comes with challenges. Prolonged time away from family and friends, demanding work cycles, social isolation—everything takes its toll on a seafarer’s physical and mental well-being. The happiest, most well-rested crew will be the safest. Fatigue changes judgment, as does stress and anxiety. The assurance of safety and welfare of crew on board a ship is, therefore, a multi-faceted challenge that calls for unwavering commitment from managers. While the idea sounds extremely simple, ‘duty of care’ can be very difficult to put into practice. Managers have to juggle regulations, industry standards, and operational constraints to keep a safe and happy ship environment. It is also keeping a culture where mutual respect, freedom of communication, and teamwork are encouraged among all members of the crew. The managerial level is highly instrumental in promoting a more positive organizational culture, where every person is valued and counts. In a nutshell, the duty of care in safety management and crew welfare is an incredibly complex and continuous task requiring incessant efforts and attention.

Study on the Motivation and Performance of Energy Enterprises' Mergers and Acquisitions under the Background of Dual Carbon--Taking Tianshan Cement's Merger and Acquisition of Zhonglian Cement as an Example

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in the report of the Twentieth National Congress that realizing carbon peak and carbon neutrality is a major strategic decision made by integrating the domestic and international situations, and a solemn commitment to build a community of human destiny. Based on the background of energy transformation, many energy companies have joined the M&amp;A army for the purpose of improving operation and management level and expanding market share. This project takes the second largest energy-consuming cement industry as the research object, and analyzes the case of Tianshan Cement's merger and acquisition of Zhonglian Cement to further study the impact of M&amp;A and restructuring on the financial performance of energy companies. Based on the background of "double carbon" and theories such as synergy effect theory and green development, the project firstly analyzes the internal and external environment of M&amp;A and restructuring of energy enterprises, and explains the significance of M&amp;A on the strategic restructuring and professional integration of enterprises. Secondly, SWOT analysis is applied to systematically analyze the motivation of Tianshan Cement's green M&amp;A with Zoomlion Cement from the dimensions of external environment and internal conditions. Immediately after that, for the case of Tianshan Cement's acquisition of Zhonglian Cement, the event study method and relevant financial indicators are used to examine Tianshan Cement's financial performance before and after the merger and acquisition; at the same time, the environmental and social performance is used to reflect the non-economic performance, so as to comprehensively judge the effect of the merger and acquisition. Finally, based on the above research, we provide policy recommendations for energy companies to implement M&amp;A and reorganization and effectively improve M&amp;A performance. This project will help enrich the literature on M&amp;A of energy enterprises and provide suggestions for the implementation of scientific and efficient M&amp;A.

The Greater Sustainability of Stablecoins Relative to Other Cryptocurrencies

Cryptocurrencies are decentralized digital financial services that do not physically exist in the world of tangible products and goods, and therefore purportedly offer some positive environmental sustainability features. However, since they are based on blockchain technology, which requires a relatively large input of energy, their climatic impact is not benign. Furthermore, they are very volatile and characterized by low levels of transparency and control, thus creating some negative economic and social sustainability effects. Stablecoins, which are a pegged type of cryptocurrency, exhibit much less volatility and have higher levels of management and interoperability. This raises the following question: are stablecoins more sustainable compared to other cryptocurrencies? To explore this, a sustainability assessment was conducted, comparing cryptocurrencies and stablecoins across environmental, social, and economic dimensions while identifying the key characteristics of sustainability. It was found that stablecoins can mitigate the economic and social risks associated with cryptocurrencies and thus increase their overall sustainability. Moreover, since stablecoins are managed and governed to a greater extent, a key consideration in their development is the selection and implementation of more appropriate mechanisms that can reduce energy use and enhance sustainability. Finally, stablecoins offer more effective—and not just more efficient—solutions, based on value co-creation between several providers and a customer.

Sustainable farming management: key factors and impact on paddy yields in Malaysia’s granary areas

The paddy farmer’s performance and ability to improve productivity are driven by their level of farm management practices. Knowledge on the nature and level of sustainable farm management (SFM) practiced provides opportunities for supporting the competitive advantages of paddy farmers to sustainably break away from the poverty cycle. Little attention has been given to measuring the performance and impact of SFM on the improvement of paddy farmers livelihoods in Malaysia. Without understanding SFM, it is difficult to make policies and provide targeted, impactful support to paddy farmers. This study aims to evaluate the level of Sustainable Farming Management (SFM) among paddy farmers by applying the Sustainable Farm Management Index (SFMI), in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the Rice Check (RC) by the Department of Agriculture. Additionally, it seeks to analyze the key factors and their impact on enhancing paddy yield in Malaysia’s main granary areas. A set of structured questionnaire was designed to capture the eleven elements of farming practices based on the RC and was then distributed to 500 paddy farmers in Malaysia’s main granary areas, namely Muda Agriculture Development Authority (MADA), Kemubu Agriculture Development Authority (KADA), and Integrated Agriculture Development Authority Barat Laut Selangor (IAD-BLS). Each practice was given a score to determine whether the guidelines were followed. The index ranges from 0 to 100, with 0 being unsustainable and 100 being highly sustainable. A multiple regression analysis was employed as well to estimate the effects of SFM adoption on farmer livelihoods. The findings show that adopting SFM has a positive and significant effect on farmers’ livelihoods. The paper therefore recommends that farmers should be educated on the importance of sustainable farming practices, as this is essential for the sustainable livelihood development of the poor farmers who rely on government subsidies.

Cost Management Practices and Profitability of Milling Companies Registered by Cereal Millers Association in Nairobi City County, Kenya

Purpose: The objective of the study was to examine relationship between cost management practices on the profitability of milling firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design. The target population entailed 15 milling companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya registered under the Cereals Millers Association (CMA). A census method was also utilized to select the senior, middle and junior level managers in the selected milling companies. This research utilized a structured questionnaire to gather data from targeted participants and the data collected was analyzed using SPSS statistical software which generated descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The research results revealed that direct material, direct labour, factory overhead and administrative overhead cost management practices had a negative and significant relationship with profitability. Hence, the study concluded that cost management practices have a negative and significant impact on profitability of milling companies in Nairobi city county, Kenya. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was guided by the theories of Transaction Cost, Resource-Based View and Profit Maximization. This research recommended that management of milling companies should continuously develop strong relationships with suppliers to negotiate better prices and ensure consistent quality and supply of materials. This can help in stabilizing costs and avoiding unexpected expenses. To increase employees' effectiveness and productivity, they should also continuously offer training and development opportunities. Policymakers in the milling industry should also advocate for comprehensive cost management training programs in all milling companies so as to ensure that employees in all levels of management are equipped with knowledge and skills necessary to implement cost-saving measures effectively.

Legal principles of land use planning within territorial communities as the basis of sustainable land use

In today’s conditions, issues related to the ecology and sustainability of natural ecosystems and their components are becoming more relevant. It should be noted that the main driving force affecting the use of land resources is climate change. The demand for land will only grow. At the same time, sustainable (balanced) land use, which is carried out on the basis of sustainable development, equally concerns not only ensuring the protection and maintenance of land potential for future generations, but also providing social and economic opportunities today. Comprehensive spatial development plans for territorial communities are a strategic tool for ensuring effective management of territories. They must not only meet the current needs of the population, economy and infrastructure, but also form the basis for sustainable land use in the long term. In this context, it is important to integrate the principles of land management, which are based on scientific justification for the distribution of land for specific purposes, taking into account state, public and private interests. In addition, comprehensive spatial planning of the development of territorial communities in the face of modern environmental challenges requires the integration of strategic environmental assessment as a key tool for ensuring sustainable development. The growth of anthropogenic load, degradation of natural resources and the consequences of military actions require an objective assessment of the state of the environment, analysis of the potential impacts of planning decisions and the search for alternative approaches that minimize the negative impact on ecosystems. Effective strategic environmental assessment will contribute to the adoption of balanced decisions that will ensure environmental safety, biodiversity conservation and compliance with the goals of sustainable development of territorial communities. It is obvious that sustainable land use, for example, for forestry lands and sustainable use of forest resources are interconnected, since they relate to the use of natural resources that are in an inextricable organic connection. Therefore, the simultaneous integrated use of natural resources, inextricably linked to land, carried out at the level of sustainable nature management, is an important object of planning territorial development, environmental safety, and rational use of land resources. In this regard, the subordination of the legal regime of forestry lands to the legal regime of forests growing on these lands becomes important. In this case, the role of recreational and health-improving forests, which perform mainly recreational, sanitary, hygienic, health-improving functions and are located on relevant lands that require special protection at the level of comprehensive spatial development plans, is actualized in the planning process.

Effect of Nutrient Management Levels on Soybean Grain Equivalent Yield (Sgey) and Total System Productivity (Tsp) of Soybean based Cropping Sequence

Background: Nutrient management and cropping sequence are two important factors which affect soybean grain equivalent yield and system productivity of soybean based crop sequence. System productivity is one the important part of the successful crop production. A field experiment was conducted at Akola to check effect of levels of nutrient management on soybean grain equivalent yield and system productivity of soybean-onion and soybean-potato cropping system. Agronomic crop is combined with the high daily used vegetable crop to check feasibility of combination to increase the system productivity of crop sequence. Methods: At the research farm of the Department of Agronomy, Dr. P. D. K. V., Akola (MS), the current experiment, titled “effect of nutrient management levels on growth, yield attributes, soybean grain equivalent yield and system productivity of soybean based cropping sequence,” was carried out in 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20. Three replications and a split plot design were used to set up the experiment. The data pertaining to growth characteristics, yield characteristics of Soybean in (kharif) and onion or potato crops (rabi) was collected at regular intervals which was analyzed statistically in RBD (randomized block design) and SPD (split plot design). Result: Among the cropping sequences soybean-onion cropping sequence recorded significantly higher soybean grain equivalent yield, system productivity as compared to soybean-potato crop sequence. Application of 100% RDF + FYM 5 t ha-1 + Biofertilizer applied to kharif soybean and 125% RDF to rabi sequence crops (onion and potato) recorded significantly higher soybean grain equivalent yield, system productivity than rest of the combinations and found statistically similar with treatment combination of 75% RDF + FYM 5 t ha-1 + Biofertilizer applied to kharif soybean and 100% RDF to rabi sequence crops (onion and potato).

Advancing circular economy in the equipment manufacturing sector: The role of environmental management systems, innovation and policy support.

Advancing circular economy in the equipment manufacturing sector: The role of environmental management systems, innovation and policy support.

Pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers: identifying protective factors at organizational level examined in a follow-up study

BackgroundTeacher’s exposure to pupils’ aggressive behaviour is an international phenomenon that requires more attention. This study examined if organizational prevention measures are associated with decreased risk of pupils’ aggressive behaviour.Method94 public schools in Denmark participated. Questionnaire data about preventive measures at school level were collected in 2018 and outcome data about pupils’ aggressive behaviour in form of harassment, threats and violence towards teachers were collected in 2019. In total, 1198 teachers participated in both rounds. The analyses were performed using multivariate logistic regressions with cluster adjusted standard errors to account for cluster effects.ResultsThe results were mixed. Violence prevention climate perceptions at the management level decreased the risk of pupils’ aggressive behaviour, however when adjusting for baseline harassment, threats, and violence the associations became statistically insignificant. Violence prevention climate perceptions at co-worker level statistically significant decreased the risk of pupils’ aggressive behaviour in form of violence even when adjusted for baseline violence. Practice and procedures statistically significantly decreased the risk of harassment. The results for conflict management training were mixed, while supervision in case of challenging pupils decreased the risk of harassment, threats, and violence, but none of the associations were statistically significant. Finally, the registration of threats and violence statistically significantly increased the risk of threats and violence at follow-up.ConclusionThis study shows that implementing organizational prevention measures in public schools may reduce the risk of pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers. It is, therefore, recommended to implement organizational prevention measures in public schools to reduce the risk of pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers.

Resilience is job satisfaction using nephrology as an example

The shortage of specialists in medicine has become an everyday occurrence in both the medical and nursing fields. There is agreat need for young talent in all areas of the healthcare sector. The strain on people working in this field is enormous and is perceived differently in different areas of work, depending on their professional and educational background. If we look at the medical field alone, students' wishes, requirements, objectives and necessities with regard to everyday working life are different from those of postgraduate training assistants or the management level consisting of senior physicians and chief physicians. Various measures are required to counteract the shortage of junior staff on the one hand and to meet all requirements in patient care on the other, while achieving and maintaining ahigh level of job satisfaction. These must be coordinated and adapted to the different needs of the various levels. Working conditions in the interactive, interprofessional, interdisciplinary, financial and social context need to be revised in many areas in order to maintain the attractiveness of the medical profession. Aresilient medical team can defy many adversities, but this requires acontribution from all sides.