Aspects Of Management Research Articles

Challenge of cardiovascular prevention in primary care: achievement of lifestyle, blood pressure, lipids and diabetes targets for primary prevention in England – results from ASPIRE-3-PREVENT cross-sectional survey

BackgroundImplementation of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention guidelines in the UK has been repeatedly evaluated under the auspices of the British Cardiovascular Society in three Action on Secondary and Primary...

EVALUATION OF STUDENTS' TRAINING LEVEL IN THE ELECTIVE DISCIPLINE "QUALITY SYSTEMS IN PHARMACY"

The pharmaceutical industry is rapidly developing and implementing new innovative approaches and legal regulation of the quality management system of medicinal products, which includes a set of methods, processes and resources that are necessary for quality management. Therefore, the study by students of the specialty 226 "Pharmacy, industrial pharmacy" of the elective discipline "Quality systems in pharmacy" is an important area of professional training of a qualified specialist who will master the methodology of quality management, normative-legislative and organizational-economic aspects of quality control of medicinal products at pharmaceutical enterprises. Training of domestic students in the field of drug technology is an important direction of pharmaceutical education today. The main tasks of studying the elective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy" are: formation of students of higher education in general knowledge about the quality indicators of medicinal products according to the stage of their life cycle by fulfilling the requirements of proper pharmaceutical practices and developing documentation in accordance with their requirements; formation of practical skills; raising the level of general and scientific development of students of higher education, forming their outlook and perspective as modern qualified specialists in the field of pharmacy. The purpose of the work was to study the assessment of the level of training of domestic students in the elective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy". Materials and methods. We used an empirical research method (questionnaire). Questionnaire was a key research method, as it allows to get answers from the student audience regarding the organization of the educational process. A survey was conducted to assess the level of preparation of domestic students of the 5th year of the Faculty of Pharmacy who completed the study of the selective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy". 50 full-time students and 2 distance learning students took part in the survey. Out of all the respondents, only one studies on budget forms of education. Research results. According to the curriculum, the elective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy" at the Faculty of Pharmacy of IFNMU is studied in the V course in the IX semester, at the stage when students have already acquired basic knowledge of pharmaceutical disciplines. The discipline is chosen by already formed specialists who possess a large stock of theoretical knowledge and practical skills and are motivated to study a new subject, so it remains for the teacher to systematize information for the proper conduct of the discipline study course. 3 ECTS credits are provided for the study of the discipline in the curriculum. The discipline includes 20 hours of lectures, 30 hours of practical classes, 40 hours of independent student work and ends with a module. Lecture and practical material taught at the level of modern scientific and practical data with the aim of forming students' program results. We conducted an analysis of problems in the organization of the educational process for students of the Faculty of Pharmacy of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University during full-time education. The success of implementing the selective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy" and ensuring a high level of training depends primarily on the quality of the work of scientific and pedagogical workers.

Tourism digital marketing in Indonesia: Current issues, challenges and opportunities

Purpose of the study: Marketing strategies must evolve with shifts in customer trends, behavior, and technological advancements. Academically, marketing has long been a key area of interest for scholars. This study systematically analyzes research references on tourism marketing in Indonesia. Methodology: This analysis draws on national publication data featuring tourism marketing keywords from 2014 to 2024, obtained via web scraping from the Google Scholar database. Additionally, it seeks to identify key concerns, challenges, and opportunities for digital marketing within Indonesia's tourism sector. Main Findings: This review highlights that academic journals cover diverse aspects of tourism marketing, including tourism, social sciences, communication management, and technology. Despite its limited scale, digital marketing is widely explored by scholars across fields. Bali, Bantul, Sleman, and Yogyakarta are frequently studied locations. Indonesian tourism marketing research tends to adopt qualitative approaches, yet a broad spectrum of contexts such as economics, business, communication, entrepreneurship, sociology, anthropology, and creative industries is also examined. Applications of the study: This study's scope is limited by the narrow range of Google Scholar articles. Future research can expand the literature, with key findings serving as hypotheses for further studies. Policymakers and the digital industry can use these insights for tourism product development. It also represents one of the latest ten-year reviews of digital marketing literature in Indonesia. Novelty/Originality of the study: Tourism must use effective marketing and adapt to changing market behaviors. Collaboration among stakeholders, including academics, is key to seizing opportunities and tackling future challenges.

The Impact of Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia Therapy on Metabolism and Respiratory System in Obese Patients as Part of Comprehensive Medical Rehabilitation.

Introduction Obesity is a complex condition characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat, which can have multiple causes, including genetic factors, inadequate diet, lack of physical exercise, and socioeconomic factors. Obesity can cause significant respiratory changes, so obese patients present pulmonary complications more frequently than individuals with normal weight. Improving respiratory function is an important aspect of obesity management, as it can reduce the risk of pulmonary complications and improve patients' quality of life. Material and method We conducted a randomized controlled, single-center study that included 70 obese patients, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia therapy (IHHT) on metabolic and respiratory effects. Patients were randomly allocated into two equivalent groups: an intervention group, consisting of 35 patients who received IHHT, and a control group, consisting of 35 patients who did not receive this therapy. Results Patients in the intervention group showed a significant increase in exercise tolerance (p < 0.001), improvement in renal function parameters (p = 0.047 for uric acid; p = 0.006 for creatinine), and liver function (p = 0.001 AST; p = 0.030 ALT), compared to the control group. An improvement in the Tiffeneau index was also observed in the intervention group (p < 0.001), indicating an improvement in respiratory function and lung capacity. Conclusions The approach to obesity requires a holistic perspective that takes into account the physical, psychological, and social aspects of this condition. IHHT represents an integrative therapeutic approach that addresses both the metabolic and respiratory aspects of obesity and metabolic syndrome, offering promising prospects for improving patients' health and quality of life. The study results suggest that IHHT may be effective in improving physical performance, renal and hepatic function, as well as respiratory function, with the potential to provide significant benefits in the management and treatment of obese and/or metabolic syndrome patients.

Examining The Capability Of People's Credit Bank In Langkat District In Overcoming Financial Problems Of Village Communities

This research aims to examine the ability of Rural Banks in Langkat Regency to overcome the financial problems of village communities. One of the very important needs of modern society today is a healthy and reliable financial system. The financial system even has a very basic role for society. Rural Bank is one of the institutions that uses a financial system and can provide financial information in the form of financial reports which can provide information to internal and external parties regarding the company regarding the financial situation and conditions within the company. The subjects in this research were the leadership, accounting department and operations department at the People's Credit Bank in Langkat Regency. The type of research is quantitative research with the data used are financial reports. Data collection techniques are interviews and documentation. Data analysis is CAMEL analysis which is used to assess the level of bank financial health based on capital, quality of productive assets (KAP), management, profitability and liquidity. The research results show that the level of bank financial health in terms of the capital aspect (CAR) in 2016, 2017, 2018 is within healthy criteria. The ratio of classified productive assets to productive assets in 2016, 2017, 2018 shows that the bank is in healthy criteria, while PPAPYD (Provision for Losses of Productive Assets Established) in 2016 is included in unhealthy criteria, whereas in 2017, 2018 the bank is in healthy criteria . The evaluation of management aspects in general management and risk management in 2016, 2017, 2018 shows criteria that are unhealthy and quite healthy. The profitability aspect, namely ROA in 2016, 2017, 2018 shows that the bank is in the healthy category, while BOPO in 2016, 2017, 2018 is included in the healthy criteria. The liquidity aspect, namely the LDR in 2016, 2017, 2018 is included in the healthy criteria, while the cash ratio in 2016, 2017, 2018 is included in the healthy criteria. Growth in the level of bank financial health at PT. BPR Langkat 2016, 2017, 2018 shows that the bank's financial health level is included in the healthy criteria.

Approach Based on the Ordered Fuzzy Decision Making System Dedicated to Supplier Evaluation in Supply Chain Management.

The selection of suppliers represents a pivotal aspect of supply chain management and has a considerable impact on the success and competitiveness of the organization in question. The selection of a suitable supplier is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem based on a number of qualitative, quantitative, and even conflicting criteria. The aim of this paper is to propose a novel MCDM approach dedicated to the supplier evaluation problem using an ordered fuzzy decision making system. This study uses a fuzzy inference system based on IF-THEN rules with ordered fuzzy numbers (OFNs). The approach employs the concept of OFNs to account for potential uncertainty and subjectivity in the decision making process, and it also takes into account the trends of changes in assessment values and entropy in the final supplier evaluation. This paper's principal contribution is the development of a knowledge base and the demonstration of its application in an ordered fuzzy expert system for multi-criteria supplier evaluation in a dynamic and uncertain environment. The proposed system takes into account the dynamic changes in the value of assessment parameters in the overall supplier assessment, allowing for the differentiation of suppliers based on current and historical data. The utilization of OFNs in a fuzzy model then allows for a reduction in the complexity of the knowledge base in comparison to a classical fuzzy system and makes it more accessible to users, as it requires only basic arithmetic operations in the inference process. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for the assessment of suppliers against a range of criteria, including local hiring, completeness, and defect factors. Furthermore, the potential to integrate sustainability and ESG (environmental, social, and corporate governance) criteria in the assessment process adds value to the decision making framework by adapting to current trends in supply chain management.

Analysis of the structure of Russian acreage within the framework of the concept of sustainable agriculture

The purpose of scientific work is a comprehensive analysis of the impact of changes in the structure of acreage and the land use system on ensuring the sustainability of the agricultural industry in Russia. The results obtained demonstrate that, despite the implementation of a number of legislative initiatives aimed at improving the efficiency and environmental orientation of agriculture, a number of unresolved problems remain in the Russian Federation that hinder the transition to a model of sustainable agricultural production. Inefficient use of land resources is a problem faced by many agricultural regions in Russia. Irrational structuring of land, unbalanced distribution of agricultural land, low efficiency of use of modern technologies and resources lead to the loss of land potential. This has a negative impact on the yield and quality of agricultural products. There may be insufficient attention to the environmental aspects of land management: conserving biodiversity, maintaining natural ecosystems, minimizing the ecological footprint of agricultural activities and applying methods that promote soil regeneration. The comprehensive improvement of land management mechanisms in the Russian Federation, taking into account the concept of sustainable agriculture, involves the development and implementation of policies aimed at stimulating sustainable agricultural practices, supporting innovative methods and technologies, as well as training and advising agricultural producers on sustainable agriculture. This approach will significantly improve land use efficiency and ensure the sustainable development of Russia's agricultural sector.

Knowledge management practices and organizational commitment among employees of line-agencies in Sulu

The study investigated the organizational commitment and knowledge management practices of line-agency employees in Sulu, Philippines during the Fiscal Year 2023. Quota sampling (n=200) was carried out to sample the participants. Descriptive-comparative analysis was conducted to analyze the organizational commitment and knowledge management competence of the employees. Findings of the study revealed that employees are highly competent in various aspects of knowledge management, including knowledge acquisition, sharing, creation, codification, and retention. For organizational commitment, the employees demonstrated a high level of commitment to their organization, work, profession, and group work. Further analysis indicated that some demographic profiles (i.e., age, appointment status, length of service, and educational attainment) mediated the knowledge management competence of the employees. Similarly, some profiles (i.e., appointment status, length of service, and educational attainment) mediated their organizational commitment. Linear correlation revealed that the commitment and knowledge management competence were highly but not significantly correlated. Organizations should continue to invest in training and development programs to sustain and further improve these competencies. This study observed the importance of continuous investment in employee development, personalized management practices, and integrated organizational strategies to optimize both knowledge management and employee commitment.

Beyond yield: Unveiling farmer perceptions and needs regarding weed management in Bangladesh.

More than 3.5 billion people depend on rice for more than 20% of their daily calories. Globally, Bangladesh is the third largest rice producer. With 171 million people, Bangladesh is also among the top consumers. Local rice production not only affects the country's food security but also influences the global rice trade. A large yield gap has been reported due to weeds. Traditional hand weeding is very costly because of labor shortages resulting from industrialization. Limited data showed a higher yield and profits when using herbicides. However, quantitative data on various aspects of weed management and associated issues representing the country's variable rice ecosystem, which is characterized by 30 agroecological zones, are lacking. We collected data on weed management practices from 865 farmers and 69 agrochemical shops covering all 30 agro-ecological zones (AEZs) through a structured survey. We observed a significant regional variation among various parameters. Approximately 82% of farmers use herbicides, and few rely solely on either manual weeding or herbicides. Pre-emergence herbicides are the predominant. Application procedures are almost the same across the country. Although 40% of farmers had secondary and higher-level education, most depend upon local sellers' suggestions rather than reading the product label regarding the dose. Few farmers consider herbicides hazardous, and respondents rarely perceive any environmental impact. Pyrazosulfuron ethyl (35%) and acetochlor-containing bensulfuron methyl (27%) are the most-used chemical species. Approximately 45% of farmers observed that herbicides suppress early seedling growth. Additional fertilizer is required to compensate for this. Multiple weed species that are difficult to control through presently used herbicides were noted in all AEZs. Around 64% of farmers observed that herbicide application contributes to higher yields as a function of timely weeding. Cost comparisons showed that high labor prices will make rice cropping unprofitable in most parts of the country if herbicides are eliminated. Clear adverse effects of pre-emergence herbicides on early crop growth implied the potential benefits of broad-spectrum herbicide-tolerant genetically engineered (GE) rice to sustain the country's food security. Additionally, such GE rice could incentivize the adoption of alternate wet and dry irrigation methods, leading to water and cost savings.

ANALYSIS OF ECOTOURISM AND DISASTER MITIGATION DATA AT THE KUALA LANGSA MANGROVE FOREST BY USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

The problem in the management of a public area is to determine aspects that contribute most as its best practices. This paper explores the contributions of the Kuala Langsa Mangrove Forest located in Langsa City, Aceh Province, for ecotourism and disaster mitigation. This research was intended to analyze the aspects of forest management that has successfully reformed dry coast into an ecotourism site. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a multicriteria decision making method was used to analyze the best indicators data. This method was selected as the suitable method since it utilizes the objectivity of mathematics in comparing some subjective criteria to obtain the best indicators. The implementation of the AHP method consists of three stages: the development of the criteria’s hierarchy table; the development of pairwise matrix related to the intention of giving weights for the criterion’s elements; the logical concistency verification of the matrix. Indicators were written on a five point scale related to a value judgement. The results of the research show that as an ecotourism site, the activities of the mangrove forest are motivated and based on the existing rules which attract people to become interested. The role of the local government has resulted: developed the programs according to the existing mangrove management law that reached 67% among other law related indicators; budget allocation priority by self-generating which get priority of 59% among budget indicators; oriented on the increasing of fishermen, obtained 49% of economical function elements; encouraged the involvement and partnership of the local resources around the mangrove forest which reached 31% among other programs offered and sustainability approach by considering ecological functions aspect. For physical contribution for disaster mitigation, the largest dissipation is given by Rhizophora mucronata due to its height compared to the other types.

Heat transfer and economic characteristics of direct oil cooling for electric traction motor under driving cycles

Currently, the energy density of electric traction motor is continuously increasing to match the performance and reliability of electric vehicles with IC engine vehicles. The commercially employed water jacket cooling fails to achieve the desired efficiency of high energy density electric traction motor. Direct oil cooling is one of potential cooling strategies to replace the conventional cooling method for achieving the desired thermal management of next generation electric traction motors. However, the database to commercialize the direct oil cooling based on thermal management and economic aspects is not enriched sufficiently and thus extensive research studies need to be conducted in this field. Therefore, the heat transfer and economic characteristics of direct oil cooling for electric traction motor are investigated considering different cooling oils and driving duty cycles in the present work. The integrated electromagnetic-thermal numerical model is developed using ANSYS Motor-Cad commercial software to simulate the heat transfer and economic characteristics. The reliability of coupled numerical model is assured by validating the simulated results with experimental and reference data in error range of ± 5 %. The winding temperature, heat transfer coefficient, expected insulation lifetime, levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and net cumulative savings are evaluated as heat transfer and economic characteristics. Three driving duty cycles namely, UDDS (Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule), NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) and US06 (Highway Driving Cycle) and transmission oil, shell thermal oil and Novec dielectric oil are investigated. The performance of electric traction motor with direct oil cooling is superior compared to that with water jacket cooling. The direct cooling with Novec dielectric oil shows improved heat transfer and economic characteristics compared to transmission oil and shell thermal oil. The direct cooling with Novec dielectric oil restricts the maximum winding temperature within 80.21 °C, 67.65 °C and 116.82 °C under driving cycles of UDDS, NEDC and US06, respectively. In addition, the enhanced insulation lifetime, heat transfer coefficient, LCOE and net cumulative savings of 7.91 × 105h, 23036.73 W/m2-K, 0.170 $/kWh and 47151.13 $, respectively are reflected for direct cooling with Novec dielectric oil.

Инструментарий стратегического управления социально-экономическим развитием: конституционно-правовые аспекты

In the third of a series of articles devoted to the constitutional and legal aspects of strategic management, we are talking about the tools with which the state can achieve strategic goals. It is shown that an analysis is necessary, firstly, of the tools generally available to the state, based on the Constitution; secondly, limitations in the tools related to international obligations; thirdly, the distribution of tools between different levels and public authorities.

Determinants of financial planning decisions for salaried individuals: Evidence from India

In the Indian context, financial planning for salaried individuals has gained increased importance due to economic fluctuations, rising living costs, and the need for robust retirement planning. Despite its importance, there is limited research on the specific factors that influence financial decision-making among salaried employees in India. Understanding these determinants is essential for developing effective strategies to enhance financial well-being among employees. This study explores the key factors influencing financial decision-making among employees, including financial goals, emergency savings, retirement planning, budgeting, financial confidence and literacy, financial stress, use of tax-saving instruments, income level, risk tolerance, and debt levels. A sample of 549 employees from diverse sectors in Uttar Pradesh participated in this research, highlighting the critical aspects of personal financial management that impact financial well-being. The study used a questionnaire-based survey to gather data on factors affecting financial decision-making. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses were employed to identify significant predictors. The results reveal that financial literacy, access to resources, attitudes toward retirement planning, and cultural norms significantly influence financial decisions. Additionally, income level, job stability, and social support are crucial in shaping employees’ financial planning. The study recommends enhancing employees’ financial decision-making by offering financial education programs, budgeting tools, retirement planning assistance, debt management programs, tax planning workshops, financial counselling services, and employer match programs for retirement savings. These initiatives aim to boost financial literacy and confidence, enabling employees to make informed financial decisions and improve their financial well-being.

МАҢҒЫСТАУ ОБЛЫСЫНДА ХАЛЫҚТЫ ЖҰМЫСПЕН ҚАМТУ САЯСАТЫН БАСҚАРУДЫ ЖЕТІЛДІРУ НӘТИЖЕЛЕРІНЕ ТҰРАҚТЫ МОНИТОРИНГ ЖӘНЕ ТАЛДАУ

This article is a study for continuous monitoring and analysis of the results of activities to improve the management of employment policy in the Mangystau region. The study examines the main aspects of employment policy management, as well as methods for monitoring and analyzing the results of this activity. The purpose of the work is to identify effective strategies and tools to improve the management of employment policy in the region. The results obtained can be used to develop recommendations on optimizing existing management mechanisms and improving the effectiveness of employment policy in the Mangystau region. One of the relevant topics for the Mangystau region that hinder economic development is the labor market, in particular, issues of ensuring employment and reducing unemployment. This employment of the population affects incomes and expenses, and the social stability of the Mangystau region. With high employment in the commodity markets of this area, relatively high consumer demand is ensured, which, in turn, leads to an increase in GDP and GRP, and unemployment leads to incomplete income generation. The change in these indicators is influenced by processes taking place not only in the country, but also in the world. In the Mangystau region, over the past three years, some progress has been made in labor market indicators: only in the period 2020-2022, the number of people employed in the economy increased by 112.3%, the unemployment rate decreased by 1.9%. In order to increase employment and reduce unemployment in all regions of the country, including the Mangystau region, the country has implemented a state "labor program" for 2021-2023. The contribution of this state program to the Mangystau region was great. This is due to the fact that on the basis of the program, not only jobs were created, but also short-term training events were held in order for the population to carry out their business and provide themselves with work.

Primary vesicoureteral reflux.

Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the most common urological abnormalities in infants and children. The association of VUR, urinary tract infection (UTI) and renal parenchymal damage is well established. The most serious complications of VUR-associated reflux nephropathy are hypertension and proteinuria with chronic kidney disease. Over the past two decades, our understanding of the natural history of VUR has improved, which has helped to identify patients at increased risk of both VUR and VUR-associated renal injury. The main goals in the treatment of paediatric patients with VUR are the prevention of recurrent UTIs and minimizing the risk of renal scarring and long-term renal impairment. Currently, there are four options for managing primary VUR in infants and children: surveillance or intermittent treatment of UTIs with management of bladder and bowel dysfunction; continuous antibiotic prophylaxis; endoscopic subureteral injection of tissue-augmenting substances; and ureteral reimplantation via open, laparoscopic or robotic-assisted surgery. Current debates regarding key aspects of management include when to perform diagnostic imaging and how to best identify the paediatric patients that will benefit from continuous antibiotic prophylaxis or surgical intervention, including endoscopic injection therapy and minimally invasive ureteral reimplantation. Evolving technologies, such as artificial intelligence, have the potential to assist clinicians in the decision-making process and in the individualization of diagnostic imaging and treatment of infants and children with VUR in the future.

Arup Group Limited: putting trust in the trust

Research methodology The data set used to write this case was collected from 83 public sources, including company communications, company journals and reports and the company website, along with newspaper articles, industry reports, scientific articles and case studies. The data set was used to analyse both the industry and firm in which Arup operated to draw conclusions about the firm’s strategy and competitive advantage, specifically, as it relates to trust and knowledge management. Case overview/synopsis Alan Belfield, an employee of Arup Group Limited for 29 years, and the company’s chairman since 2019, had witnessed significant growth since he first joined the firm. Operating globally, Arup had a proud past; since 1946, the company had served 6,931 clients across 143 countries, leading to its important contribution to many world-renowned landmarks within the built environment. From 2018 to 2020, revenue at the global multiservice engineering company had grown almost £250m [1] to £1.809bn. Over the past few years and as 2021 came to an end, the global engineering services industry had experienced a flood of mergers and acquisitions, as the industry grew towards maturity and clients looked for full-service solutions. Arup’s strategy had proven successful in the past, evidenced by its capacity to grow revenues and partake in the design of well-known structures and buildings. However, with the trend towards consolidation, as Arup headed into 2022, how could the firm retain its position as one of the global leaders in the industry over time? Complexity academic level The case can be used in business courses on global strategic management at the bachelor and master levels, as it applies key strategic management concepts within a global context. The case focuses primarily on the transnational corporation (Bartlett and Ghoshal, 2002) and how it creates value through strategy and structure. Instructors who wish to integrate the human resource management aspect into the course are provided with optional material, including an additional reading, along with an assignment question and associated analysis and teaching guidance.

Smart Supervision of Public Expenditure: A Review on Data Capture, Storage, Processing, and Interoperability with a Case Study from Colombia

Effective fiscal control and monitoring of public management are critical for preventing and mitigating corruption, which in turn, enhances government performance and benefits citizens. Given the vast amounts of data involved in government operations, applying advanced data analysis methods is essential for strengthening fiscal oversight. This paper explores data management strategies aimed at enhancing fiscal control, beginning with a bibliometric study to underscore the relevance of this research. The study reviews existing data capture techniques that facilitate fiscal oversight, addresses the challenges of data storage in terms of its nature and the potential for contributing to this goal, and discusses data processing methods that yield actionable insights for analysis and decision-making. Additionally, the paper deals with data interoperability, emphasizing the importance of these practices in ensuring accurate and reliable analysis, especially given the diversity and volume of data within government operations. Data visualization is highlighted as a crucial component, enabling the detection of anomalies and promoting informed decision-making through clear and effective visual representations. The research concludes with a case study on the modernization of fiscal control in Colombia, focusing on the identification of user requirements for various data-related processes. This study provides valuable insights for modern audit and fiscal control entities, emphasizing that data capture, storage, processing, interoperability, and visualization are integral to the effective supervision of public expenditure. By ensuring that public funds are managed with transparency, accountability, and efficiency, the research advances the literature by addressing both the technological aspects of data management and the essential process improvements and human factors required for successful implementation.

Governance of the Gampong Owned Business Entity (BUMG) Jeulanga Mata Ie Bandar Dua District Pidie Jaya District: Study of Policy Implementation Based on the Pidie Jaya Regent Regulation Number 30 of 2020 Concerning the Establishment, Administration, Manag

The Ie Jeulanga Gampong-Owned Enterprise (BUMG) in this case as the party that manages the Bottled Drinking Water (AMDK) production business and the Jeulanga Mata Ie Gampong Government as the capital owner certainly requires in-depth research regarding the governance of the feasibility of the business or business being run so that the process AMDK business development can run effectively and can be useful for the development of the village economy. However, the implementation of BUMG is not without obstacles, there are still several problems in its implementation. Apart from that, the lack of capacity or ability of BUMG managers means that BUMG Ie Jeulanga’s institutional system is not running optimally and is dependent on government assistance so there is no spirit of independence. This research aims to describe and analyze the implementation of BUMG Ie Jeulanga governance policies based on Regent Regulation Number 30 of 2020 and to determine the factors that support and hinder the governance of BUMG Ie Jeulanga. The research method used was descriptive qualitative. Qualitative research was carried out to find information on the impact of empowerment strategies, obstacles, and solutions for BUMG Ie Jeulanga in improving the economy of the village community in Bandar Dua District, Pidie Jaya Regency. This model system regarding BUMG governance includes work plans, management aspects, business capital, human resources, and supporting and inhibiting factors for BUMG Jeulanga Mata Ie. In this research, BUMG policy implementation uses policy implementation formulated by Van Meter and Van Horn. Based on the results of data analysis, field findings, and propositions linked to theoretical studies, it can be concluded that BUMG Ie Jeulanga has significant potential for growth and development, but also faces challenges such as administrative management that has not been managed well, existing financial resources are still inadequate because the level of production capacity is still limited and marketing is still carried out in the sub-district area. Keywords: BUMG, Regent Regulation Number 30 of 2020, governance

Evolution of the Concepts of “Financial Architecture” and “Financial Architectonics”

The development of financial markets and institutions has led to the complexity of financial systems, which in turn requires new approaches to their analysis and management. In this context, the concepts of “financial architecture” and “financial architectonics” are of particular importance. However, despite the widespread use of these terms in the scientific literature, their interpretation is often ambiguous and controversial. The purpose of the study is to examine the evolution of the essence of the concepts of “financial architecture” and “financial architectonics”, to identify their differences and interrelationships, and to formulate own definitions of these terms, taking into account modern approaches and trends in financial science. To achieve this goal, a number of theoretical methods were used, namely: monographic - for reviewing scientific publications related to the concepts of “financial architecture” and “financial architectonics”; comparative analysis - to identify the differences and common features between the concepts of “financial architecture” and “financial architectonics”, which allowed to formulate the main characteristics and relationships between these definitions; the method of systematic approach - to study the relationships between the elements of the financial system and their structuring, which allowed to consider financial architecture and financial architectonics as integrated concepts with certain characteristics and interactions; the method of historical analysis - to study the evolution of the concepts of “financial architecture” and “financial architectonics”, which allowed to trace changes in the definitions and approaches to these terms in the context of the development of financial science; the method of conceptual modeling - based on the generalization of the data obtained and the analysis of current trends in the financial sector, the author proposed her own definitions of the concepts of “financial architecture” and “financial architectonics”. Financial architecture is defined as a structured model that covers the regulation and management of financial components at the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels of the economic system, and financial architectonics is defined as a comprehensive concept that reflects the structure and interrelationships between the elements of the financial system. The distinction between these concepts allows for a deeper understanding of various aspects of financial management. Financial architectonics offers a broader view of the financial system, taking into account complex interrelationships and dynamic processes, while financial architecture focuses on specific structural components and their regulation.

Treatment regimens for optimising outcomes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Practice patterns for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) have evolved from the landmark registration trials of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. Non-monthly regimens like treat-and-extend (T&E) have become popular due to their effectiveness in clinical practice. T&E regimens attempt to limit the burden of visits and treatments by allowing progressively longer treatment intervals, but in so doing, are potentially associated with the expense of treating quiescent disease. This is acceptable to many patients and their ophthalmologists but can still be problematic in the real-world. Recent studies have further refined the T&E approach by allowing for quicker and longer extension of treatment intervals when less severe disease is detected. With newer drugs offering increased durability, a shift to longer regular intervals may emerge as a new practice pattern for VEGF inhibitor therapy. This review aims to consolidate the current literature on the most effective treatment patterns and update treatment guidelines based on options that are now available. It also summarises new aspects of nAMD management that may help to further refine current practice.