Manpower Mobilization Research Articles

Local Government Response in Corona Pandemic: An Overview of Karnali Province

The world was completely locked down for the first time in the world by the devastating pandemic of coronavirus in 2020. To overview its impacts on service delivery of local governments of Karnali province of Nepal, the study has been conducted. the paper attempts to explore the local government initiatives and inter-governmental coordination toward the COVID-19 response during the first wave. The study is based on a descriptive qualitative research design to reach the set objectives. Three local governments of Karnali Province were selected purposively as samples. Questionnaire and telephonic interviews were the tools adopted for the data collection. The field-level information and data were presented as per the objectives in a descriptive way. The study has been made to draw conclusions based on the practical experience and information gained from all three local levels. Local governments have been seen to be at the forefront of coping with the uncomfortable situation created by the Novel Corona Virus pandemic. Similarly, the local government seems to have performed important tasks such as manpower mobilization, procurement of health-related materials, test kits and machines, swab collection and test, and awareness rising toward covid-19 response and rescue of returnees from abroad. The local governments have found utilized the available resources for creating, managing the quarantine, and isolation at the community level to control the Covid-19. The local governments have learned the lessons from the field-level experiences in the pandemic management process in such types of crises. The study would be helpful to share the pandemic management knowledge among the local governments in the future.

ТАЮЩАЯ РОСКОШЬ : ЛЕД В КОЛОНИАЛЬНЫХ ТРОПИКАХ

The article examines the problems of corporeality and materiality in the colonial context of British India in the 19 th - early 20 th centuries. The orientalist idea of the asymmetry of the bodies of the colonialists and the colonized ones emphasized the physical superiority of the former in relation to the latter and served as one of the justifications for the legitimacy of foreign power in the Indian subcontinent. This made the comfort and physical well-being of the British in the colony not only their personal need, but also part of the public order of things. However, according to colonial narratives, finding themselves in difficult temperature conditions, the British suffered from migraines, dizziness, heat stroke, prickly heat, lichen, insect bites, classic tropical diseases - fever / malaria, cholera, dysentery, and high mortality. As a result, they became the object of care and control from the state, subordinating their bodies to its goals, namely, the need to be healthy, strong, vigorous, beautiful to maintain a decent image and viable to exercise power in unusual climatic conditions. The focus is on ways to bring tropically traumatized British bodies to a state of physical norm, in particular cooling and ice-making technologies. Ice in a hot climate was not a natural phenomenon, but a technological product that required the mobilization of large finances and manpower, sophisticated marketing policies, as well as complex infrastructure and technical innovations. Thus, ice became a visual marker not only of the wealth of foreign rulers, but also of their belonging to the culture of modernity with its characteristic internationalization of commercial, economic and intellectual ties.

Gotong Royong and the Transformation of Kampung Ledok Code, Yogyakarta

AbstractThis article focuses on Kampung Ledok Code, a small riverside community in Yogyakarta that was less exposed to outside influence and in the beginning had tenuous bonds among the population. It aims to understand how this marginalized society articulated and made use of gotong royong to engineer the kampung’s transformation. Challenging the traditional perception of gotong royong as a collective spirit that has long been an important element of Indonesian national culture, some critics argue that gotong royong is a political construction for manpower mobilization. Yet people also attempt to make use of gotong royong for their own purposes. This article argues that gotong royong is historically constructed, but that the Ledok Code community employed the concept toward a variety of ends. It began with a communal spirit that bonded the population. It became a popular strategy to gain recognition, then a kampung ritual to generate neighborhood improvement. Eventually, gotong royong was institutionalized as a social norm to regulate the community.

Book review: The Ottoman Mobilization of Manpower in the First World War, written by Mehmet Beşikçi

Book review: The Ottoman Mobilization of Manpower in the First World War, written by Mehmet Beşikçi

Scaling up a community-based program for maternal and child nutrition in Thailand.

The first national nutrition survey of Thailand in 1960 revealed that malnutrition among children and women in this rice-exporting country was highly prevalent. Malnutrition received national-level attention in the 1970s, when a national multisectoral nutrition plan was included in the Fourth National Economic and Social Development Plan (NESDP) (1977-81), followed by effective implementation through Thailand's primary healthcare system and poverty alleviation plan in the 1982-87 NESDP. Nutrition was embedded into primary healthcare, and a community-based nutrition program was successfully implemented through community participation via manpower mobilization and capacity-building, financing, and organization. Growth-monitoring, promotion of infant and young child feeding, and joint financing (government and community) of a nutrition fund were implemented. The poverty alleviation plan made it possible to streamline resource allocations at the national level down to priority poverty areas, which also facilitated microlevel planning. Effective, integrated actions were undertaken using the basic minimum needs approach, wherein community people identified problems and participated in actions with inputs from government personnel. This effective process took about 5 years to put in place. In response, child undernutrition declined significantly. Severe malnutrition was practically eradicated, and it remains resilient despite social and economic challenges, such as the Asian economic crisis in 1977. Currently, stunting and subclinical micronutrient deficiencies remain, while overweight and obesity among children are rising rapidly. A different paradigm and strategy will be essential to address the nation's current nutrition challenges.

Mehmet Beşikçi, The Ottoman Mobilization of Manpower in the First World War. Between Voluntarism and Resistance. (The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage, Vol. 52.) Leiden/Boston, Brill 2012

Mehmet Beşikçi, The Ottoman Mobilization of Manpower in the First World War. Between Voluntarism and Resistance. (The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage, Vol. 52.) Leiden/Boston, Brill 2012

“You're in the Army Now:” The Impact of World War II on Women's Education, Work, and Family

World War II temporarily halted the rise in high school and college graduation rates. This article shows that manpower mobilization for World War II decreased educational attainment among high school-age females during the early 1940s, reduced employment and earnings, and altered decisions regarding family formation. I then provide evidence that women in this cohort returned to school in later life and relate these findings to the “quiet revolution” taking place as women learned about the benefits of school and work over the second half of the twentieth century.“Education has been ever in the nation's service. But in these days of total war that service has a new significance. ‘You're in the Army now’ is no cliché–it is an expression of national necessity.”1

War and Constitutions: A Bargaining Model

We conceptualize the modern democratic republic - which combines the somewhat contradictory elements of property rights and universal franchise - as the result of bargaining in the face of military threat. Rich democracies converged on these two foundational pillars of modern constitutionalism because of their efficiency in mobilizing societal resources for war: property rights in exchange for money from the rich, and the right to vote in exchange for manpower from the masses. Once medieval monarchies exhausted their own reserves or their opportunities for plunder, they were forced to grant property rights in return for more resources - taxes or loans. With few and usually brief exceptions, universal male franchise emerged only later with full manpower mobilization, which for some states was the 20th century world wars.

PERAN PRODUKTIVITAS KAPITAL DAN TENAGA KERJA SERTA PERUBAHAN TEKNOLOGI DALAM PERTUMBUHAN INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR DI JAWA TIMUR

This paper aims to calculate and analyze the contribution of productivity of production factors capital andlabor and technology in manufacturing output growth in East Java. The role of technology in the productionprocess referred to as Total Productivity Factor (TPF). Analysis techniques used in this paper is the Residumethod, namely the difference between the growths in total output minus total productivity of factors ofproduction.The results showed that the majority of East Java’s manufacturing industry is labor-intensive industrieswith the technology that is not capital intensive. Thus, the strategy and policy development is the mobilizationof manpower and develop appropriate technology which does not absorb much capital. However, this labormobilization policy needs to consider enactment of the law of diminishing returns that can lower the marginalproductivity of manufacturing output in East Java.Keywords: Manufacturing industry, the residual method, the productivity of factors of production, total factorproductivity

From Cowardice to Illness: Diagnosing Malingering in the Ottoman Great War

The Ottoman military was mobilizing but not yet at war in September 1914 when one of the battalion doctors attached to the Tenth Army Corps in north-eastern Anatolia was informed that a soldier was...

Auditoria de obra pública

The municipal public works, especially the reform and small constructions, with mobilization of manpower with up to 20 employees, where it is not mandatory elaboration of Program Conditions and Work Environment in the Construction Industry, are conducted without meeting the regulatory norm, which are motivated by the deficiency in the elaboration of the budget, the bidding documents, in the contract and supervision. The unfamiliarity specialized in the area of the Engineering of Safety of the Work adds to the factors that lead the public agency take unnecessary risks, as the objective responsibility, the labor charges and indemnities for illnesses, accidents or deaths. This article aims to indicate the guidelines for the program to health and safety is applied effectively in public works

Military reserves and social welfare

We consider the contribution of reserves to the efficient mobilization of military manpower. Our analysis suggests that offering recruits an option to serve as reservists enhances social welfare if there is a sufficiently strong relationship between recruit performance in the military and their expected civilian income.

Military Conscription and the (Socially) Optimal Number of Boots on the Ground

In this article, we develop a model of military manpower mobilization. We use the model to evaluate the efficacy of volunteer‐ and conscription‐based manpower systems within a framework of social welfare maximization. We find that neither conscription nor a volunteer approach is likely to be “first best” because of asymmetries of information and constraints on the military pay structure. We then modify the general model by considering the possibility that recruits with high civilian productivity are also more capable soldiers and find that, under such circumstances, conscription may be a more benign form of manpower mobilization than previously understood. We also consider and evaluate various alternatives available to militaries attempting to minimize the welfare losses associated with manpower mobilization.

Travel to Baekdusan and its Significance during the Joseon Period

This article analyzed the transformations of perception on Baekdusan in the premodern era before the concepts of nation-state took root. Perceptions of Baekdudaegan have existed in an idealized form along with geomancy since the Goryeo period. Elites of early Joseon also recognized Baekdusan as a sacred and representative mountain of Korean national territory. Such perceptions are evident in Choe Bu’s description on Baekdusan in response to the questions of Chinese officials on Korean geography as well as Kim Seryeom’s comparison of Baekdusan with Fuji Mountain of Japan during his trip to Japan as a member of the Korean state envoy. Interest in Baekdusan substantially increased in the eighteenth century?resulting in a clear perception of Baekdudaeganbased national territory. The 1712 erection of the Baekdusan boundary stone as a border marker between the Qing and Joseon aroused further interest in Baekdusan. Contemporaneous proliferation of accurate mapmaking in this period, influenced by Western learning, further strengthened the popular perception of Baekdudaegan-centered national territory. A group of scholars strongly criticized the Baekdusan boundary stone by claiming that Korea lost some 700 li of territory inside of the Duman River through a miscalculation of the Tumen River’s location. With the rise of a culture of traveling as well as interest in Baekdusan after the mid-eighteenth century, the overall number of people visiting and climbing Baekdusan substantially increased. Climbing Baekdusan during this period required mobilization of substantial manpower and supplies. It was a difficult journey that sometimes necessitated the building of new roads. At Baekdusan, according to the local customs, even the elites performed rites to the mountain god. In order to see the magnificent sight of the mountain lake, visitors even left records of oration to the mountain god asking for good weather.

<i>The Political Thought of King Alfred the Great</i> (review)

Reviewed by: The Political Thought of King Alfred the Great Scott DeGregorio The Political Thought of King Alfred the Great. By David Pratt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Pp. xvi + 413. $123. King Alfred the Great has never lacked those interested in his story. Right from the king’s own day, with Asser’s famous Latin biography, to which William of Malmesbury and other later successors were happy to add much (apocryphal?) detail, medieval writers remained captivated by this most famed of Anglo-Saxon England’s kings, who saved the land from full-scale Viking conquest while simultaneously initiating reforms that would revive Anglo-Saxon learning and help lead it to new heights in the generations that followed. In more recent times, the king’s activities as warrior and scholar continue to inspire the full menu of scholarly genres, from articles, essay collections, conference proceedings, and monographs—so much so that David Pratt begins his book with a pointed (and understandable) question, “Is there anything left to say about King Alfred?” (p. 1). Surely there [End Page 387] must be, for Pratt’s The Political Thought of King Alfred the Great exceeds 400 pages, making it one of the most lengthy studies on Alfred in English to date (outdone, to my knowledge, only by Alfred Smyth’s 1996 King Alfred the Great, which runs to over 800 pages). While acknowledging the achievements of past scholarship, Pratt’s introduction identifies three areas in need of continued study: the role of royal learning in the king’s own conception of rule, the Carolingian inheritance underlying that conception, and the political structures and ideas about royal power that informed Alfred’s kingship. In particular, what is missing from Alfredian studies, argues Pratt, is an attempt to integrate such foci into a unified picture. Such is Pratt’s task, which he tersely summarizes as aiming “to reintegrate Alfred’s learned kingship as part of royal practice” or, more broadly, “to recover the force and status of Alfred’s texts in relation to contemporary structures of kingship and political authority” (p. 7). The study is divided into two parts comprised of five and eight chapters respectively. The first section, entitled “The West-Saxon Political Order,” aims to establish a range of contexts for reading the primary Alfredian documents discussed in part 2. Beginning with the rise of Wessex in the early ninth century, Pratt examines the economic resource base of the kingdom as a major factor in its later hegemony (ch. 2), before moving on to discuss theories of lordship and secular office, especially as applied to the royal household, the locus for the circulation of power and authority (ch. 3). The West-Saxon royal household was distinguished by “the comprehensive range of privileges at the king’s effective disposal; in this respect the West-Saxon order more closely resembled the forms of patrimonial rule also familiar in the Carolingian world” (p. 42). The focus then turns to ecclesiastical activities, with discussion of the clerical and monastic structures and their Continental parallels (ch. 4) paving the way for an insightful discussion of royal devotional practices (ch. 5). Ecclesiastical structures provided key channels for the circulation of power, and Pratt well exposes the parallels with Frankish and Carolingian models as well as the pervasive influence of Gregory the Great on West Saxon thinking; he also broaches the question of literacy and its uses and explores the preexisting practices that paved the way for the explosion of textual culture under Alfred. The section concludes with a brief chapter (ch. 6) on the crystallization of West-Saxon power under the duress of Viking oppression, as seen in the network of burhs, the mobilization of manpower, commercial exchange, and the promulgation of an increasingly Christianized rhetoric of rulership, evidenced especially in Asser’s description of Alfred as “ruler of all the Christian of the island of Britain.” Part 2 moves the inquiry from the king’s West-Saxon environment to his writings and the forging of Alfredian political discourse with which they are deeply involved. At stake here for Pratt is the creation of a “new mental technology” (p. 339) driven especially by the medium of vernacular prose designed...

Tax Competition – Areas of Display and Effects

In the past, governments had more freedom in setting their taxes as the barriers to free movement of capital and people were high. The gradual process of globalization is lowering these barriers and results in rising capital flows and greater manpower mobility. Tax competition exists when governments are encouraged to lower fiscal burdens to either encourage the inflow of productive resources or discourage the exodus of those resources. With tax competition in the era of globalization politicians have to keep tax rates “reasonable” to dissuade workers and investors from moving to a lower tax environment. Most countries started to reform their tax policies to improve their competitiveness. However, the tax burden is just one part of a complex formula describing national competitiveness. The other criteria like total manpower cost, labor market flexibility, education levels, political stability, legal system stability and efficiency are also important.

The First Crusade: a new history

On the last Tuesday of November 1095, Pope Urban II delivered an electrifying speech that launched the First Crusade. His words set Christendom afire. Some 100,000 men, from knights to paupers, took up the call - the largest mobilization of manpower since the fall of the Roman Empire. Now, in The First Crusade, Thomas Asbridge offers a gripping account of a titanic three-year adventure filled with miraculous victories, greedy princes and barbarity on a vast scale. Readers follow the crusaders from their mobilization in Europe (where great waves of anti-Semitism resulted in the deaths of thousands of Jews), to their arrival in Constantinople, an exotic, opulent city - ten times the size of any city in Europe - that bedazzled the Europeans. Featured in vivid detail are the siege of Nicaea and the pivotal battle for Antioch, the single most important military engagement of the entire expedition, where the crusaders, in desperate straits, routed a larger and better-equipped Muslim army. Through all this, the crusaders were driven on by intense religious devotion, convinced that their struggle would earn them the reward of eternal paradise in Heaven. But when a hardened core finally reached Jerusalem in 1099 they unleashed an unholy wave of brutality, slaughtering thousands of Muslims - men, women, and children - all in the name of Christianity. The First Crusade marked a watershed in relations between Islam and the West, a conflict that set these two world religions on a course toward deep-seated animosity and enduring enmity. The chilling reverberations of this earth-shattering clash still echo in the world today.

The Flexibility Debate in Western Europe: The Current Drive to Restore Managements' Rights Over Personnel and Wages

Managements' drive for the removal of contractual and govemmental restraints on their control of the work force is rationalized in Western Europe as necessary to achieve greater internal and external competitiveness. In support of this view the OECD substituted the advocacy of a flexible manpower policy (including wage policy) under the euphorie title of 'positive adjustment policy' for the prior program of an active manpower policy promoted during the sixties and early seventies. The soundness of the arguments for this change in policy has been questioned by internal research findings as well as reports by consultants and special expert groups appointed by the organization. These studies call for a package of policies and measures negotiated between management and unions to realize the ultimate ends of manpower mobility and job security. The free labor market cannot by itself serve as the mechanism for realizing these goals. Employment security and not segmentation of the work force should be the objective of joint policy making.

The mobilization of manpower for Britain's mid-eighteenth-century wars

Abstract This article seeks to assess the size and social composition of the armed forces from Britain and Ireland employed in the wars of 1739–63. The number of men serving in a military or naval capacity was larger than is usually recognized – especially during the Seven Years' War – and the background of such men was much more varied than most general accounts suggest. The ‘middling’ and artisan contribution was far from insignificant, especially in unofficial volunteer formations, but even in the regular armed forces.

Physician Manpower Mobilization after a Major Disaster in Taiwan

Objectives. In the initial hours following a major disaster, emergency departments must cope with mass casualties. The efficiency of physician manpower mobilization affects the supply of medical care. The purpose of this study was to analyze the pattern of manpower mobilization and to assess the capacity of medical care at EDs in the field to improve the efficiency of the medical response after a disaster. Methods. In this study, we assessed physician manpower following the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan on 21 September 1999. Data on the number of patients were collected from hospitals in three major disaster sites. The hospital treatment capacity was analyzed by de Boer's rule and the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) physician treatment capacity rule. Results. The average rate of physician mobilization was 12% per-hour in the initial 2 hours, while the rate from the 2nd to 6th hour was 6% per-hour. The capacities of hospitals with the most mass casualties varied considerably. The hospitals with the most mass casualties lacked sufficient physician manpower in the initial post-quake hours. Conclusions. The requirement and utilization of physician manpower in the crucial period after a large scale disaster remains a great challenge for the medical disaster response system. In designing disaster response protocols, physician manpower should be expanded to include non-hospital physicians in the initial hours after major disasters.