Two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) were identified in the extracts of various brain areas, spinal cord and pituitary in female and male goldfish and had chromatographic and immunological properties similar to [His 5,Trp 7,Tyr 8]-GnRH (cGnRH-II) and [Trp 7,Leu 8]-GnRH (sGnRH). Radioimmunoassay using different GnRH antisera after high pressure liquid chromatography did not reveal significant peaks of mammalian GnRH, [Gln 8]-GnRH and [Tyr 3,Leu 5,Glu 6,Trp 7,Lys 8]-GnRH in the brain extracts. The proportion of cGnRH-II-like immunoactivity to sGnRH-like immunoactivity was higher in the caudal brain areas compared to the rostral areas. The differential distribution of two GnRH forms suggest that the different GnRH forms may have different physiological functions.