Malondialdehyde Levels In Group Research Articles

P-100 Prolonged exposure to polyethylene glycol (peg) 6000 severely affects the reproductive system of male Wistar rats

Abstract Study question Studies have shown that microplastics have adverse effects on aquatic reproductive health. Is there any potential effect of Polyethylene glycol (PEG)6000 on rodents reproductive system? Summary answer Despite its wide use in industry, medicine and cosmetic formulations, prolonged exposure to PEG 6000 may pose great risk, especially causing reproductive toxicity. What is known already The usage of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000, a microplastic, is rising in industries, medicine, and cosmetic formulations. They serve as ointment bases, capsules, liquid prescription, suppositories and recently used to alleviate constipation. More so, it is one of the pivotal ingredients in soaps, detergents, and also used as chemical intermediates in textile, leather and plastic industries. Additionally, PEG 6000 is widely used in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. Although approved for internal consumption by regulatory agencies like FDA, there are evidences of its developmental toxicity. Study design, size, duration Fifteen(15) rats weighing between 200-250g were used in this study. The rats were divided into three groups(A, B and C), of 5 rats in each group. Group A was designated as the control group while groups B and C were the test groups. Group A received distilled water, while groups B and C were administered 50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of polyethylene glycol PEG6000 respectively via oral gavage daily for 6 weeks. Participants/materials, setting, methods After 6 weeks, the rats were sacrificed as reproductive organs and serum obtained. Enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for hormonal assays. Reproductive organs were weighed and tissue damage was determined using Haemoxylin /eosin staining. Antioxidant enzymes levels (Catalase, Superoxide dismutase), Glutathione peroxidise) and Lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde) were also evaluated. Computer-assisted sperm assay (CASA) was used to evaluate sperm parameters and sperm movement kinetics. Main results and the role of chance PEG 6000 caused a reduction in the weights of the rats in groups B and C when compared with control group. There was no significant change in the relative testicular and seminal vesicle organ/body weight ratio in groups B and C, however a pattern of reduction was seen in the organ/body weight ratio of epididymis and prostate, when compared to control group. Serum hormonal levels of Follicle stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone were reduced in the test groups when compared to control, but not significant. Testosterone was significantly reduced in groups B and C, while estradiol levels were significantly elevated in groups B and C when compared to control group. There was significant reduction in the levels of Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase, and a significant increase in Malondialdehyde levels in groups B and C when compared to the control group. Histopathological changes were also seen in the testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate glands of rats in the test groups. Semen analyses showed statistically significant reductions (p < 0.05) in sperm concentration, motility, vitality and sperm movement kinetics of rats in the test groups when compared to the control group. Limitations, reasons for caution Although this study was done in rats, it may not be easy to extrapolate the present findings to humans. However, this calls for caution as primates and rodents are both members of the superorder Euarchontoglires. Wider implications of the findings Prolonged ingestion of PEG 6000 affects male reproductive system, alters hormonal levels, reduces sperm parameters and induces oxidative stress. Interestingly, the disruptive effects of PEG 6000 are dose-dependent, and may lead to male infertility. Trial registration number not applicable

Comparison of Malondialdehyde Levels among Patients with Sandblasted Acid-Etched and Anodized Surface Dental Implants: A Prospective Clinical Study.

Inflammation that occur as a part of body's response to implant-tissue contact can result in oxidative stress. Therefore, exploring the oxidative stress around different surface treated dental implants is essential to improve the performance of implants. The purpose of this study was to detect and measure the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress marker among patients with sandblasted acid-etched and anodized surface dental implants. In this prospective clinical study, 78 patients who had undergone implant placement for missing single posterior tooth in mandible using sandblasted acid-etched and anodized surface dental implants during August 2019 - December 2019 were enrolled according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and were categorized into Group 1: SLA (n = 27), Group 2: SLActive (n = 26), Group 3: TiUnite (n = 25) based on the surface modification of the implants. Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was collected and MDA was quantified using ELISA kit at 3 months and 1 year. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc. For intragroup comparison, paired t-test was used. MDA levels in group 3 implants was significantly higher than groups 1 and 2 (P ≤ 0.05). On pairwise comparison, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups at baseline (P ≤ 0.05) and 1-year follow-up (P ≤ 0.05). Intragroup comparison showed that there was a statistically significant difference from baseline in all the three groups (P ≤ 0.05). MDA level in peri-implant crevicular fluid was high around TiUnite dental implant as compared to SLA and SLActive implants.

Impact on methemoglobin and certain oxidative stress markers in diabetic and non-diabetic Hansen’s disease patients with dapsone treatment

Introduction: Hansen’s (leprosy) disease is a worldwide healthcare problem, caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Dapsone (a synthetic sulfone), is an antibacterial agent, has both anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties for the treatment of all forms of leprosy. The goal of the study is to evaluate the effect of dapsone on HbA1C, methemoglobin and certain oxidative stress markers in young patients suffering with Hansen’s disease with and without diabetes.
 
 Methodology: The study was conducted on 70 subjects in age group of 20-45 years. These subjects include 20 healthy subjects (Group 1); 35 non-diabetic Hansen’s patients on dapsone (100mg/day) treatment (Group 2) and 15 diabetic Hansen’s disease on dapsone (100 mg/day) (Group 3). The fasting blood samples were drawn for the evaluation of methemoglobin, HbA1C, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and total antioxidant activity from all the groups.
 
 Results: A significant increase in methemoglobin and malondialdehyde was noted in Group 2 and 3 patients with reference to healthy control subjects (Group 1) while the levels of reduced glutathione, HbA1C and total antioxidant activity were notably reduced in investigated Group 2 and 3 compared to Group 1. A similar trend of significant increase in methemoglobin and malondialdehyde levels in Group 3 with respect to Group 2 and significant fall in glutathione and total antioxidant activity and nominal fall in HbA1C was recorded in Group 3 with respect to Group 2.
 
 Conclusion: Aforesaid observations suggested that oxidative stress induced in diabetic and non-diabetic Hansen’s disease patients treated with dapsone due to alteration in Met. Hb, MDA, reduced glutathione and total antioxidant activity levels might be accountable for the etiology of various diseases like cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular events. A comprehensive study with clinical trials inclusive of complete oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, pattern of dietary intake with antioxidant vitamin supplements alone and in combination might be beneficial.

Does the addition of metformin to carboplatin treatment decreases ovarian reserve damage associated with carboplatin usage?

BackgroundWe aimed to determine whether adding metformin to carboplatin treatment would reduce the damage to ovarian reserve associated with carboplatin use.MethodsWe included 35 adult female non-pregnant albino Wistar rats approximately three months old, weighing 220–310 g. The rats were divided into five groups of seven rats according to the treatment they received. Carboplatin and salin was given to Group 2, and carboplatin plus metformin was given to Group 3. Group 4 was administered only metformin. Group 5 was administered only salin. Carboplatin was given to Groups 2 and 3 as a single dose on the 15th day, while metformin was given to Groups 3 and 4 during the 28-day experiment. After oophorectomy, histopathologic analyses of primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary Graff follicles according to the epithelial cells surrounding the oocyte and total follicular number were conducted per section. Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), tissue catalase, and malonyl dialdehyde levels were measured and compared within each group.ResultsThe baseline and 15th-day serum AMH values of the menstrual cycle were compared among the groups, and no statistically significant differences were observed (p > 0.05). Group 3, which was given both carboplatin and metformin, had statistically significantly higher 28th-day AMH levels than Group 2, which was given only carboplatin and saline (p < 0.001). The number of primordial follicles in Group 3 was found to be statistically significantly higher than in Group 2 (p < 0.001). Tissue catalase enzyme levels in Group 3 were statistically significantly higher than in Group 2 (p < 0.001). Tissue malondialdehyde levels in Group 2 were statistically significantly higher than tissue malondialdehyde levels in Groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsMetformin may attenuate carboplatin-induced ovarian damage, possibly through its antioxidative effects.

The Difference in Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels among Normoweight, Overweight, and Obesity in Student of Medicine Program Faculty of Medicine, Mataram University

Obesity has emerged as a global issue, including in Indonesia. Previous research has shown that obesity causes oxidative stress, which contributes to degenerative diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus, premature aging, cardiovascular disease, tumors and cancer. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the biomarkers used to assess oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine differences in MDA levels in medical students at the University of Mataram based on weight criteria: normal, overweight, and obese. The study included 41 students from the 2021 class of the Medical Education program at the University of Mataram who were divided into two groups based on their body mass index (BMI). BMI was determined by isolating body weight (kg) by the square of level (m2), and serum MDA levels were resolved utilizing the ELISA technique. The information were investigated utilizing the Mann-Whitney relative test. The results showed that the MDA level in group 2 (obese and overweight) was 1715.27 ng/ml, higher than group 1 (normoweight) with levels of 902.67 ng/ml. However, this difference was not statistically significant, because the p-value was 0.093 (p &gt; 0.05).

The Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Abdominal Aortic Occlusion-Induced Ovarian Injury via Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced ovarian damage is caused by various diseases such as ovarian torsion, ovarian transplantation, cardiovascular surgery, sepsis, or intra-abdominal surgery. I/R-related oxidative damage can impair ovarian functions, from oocyte maturation to fertilization. This study investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX), which has been shown to exhibit antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, on ovarian I/R injury. We designed four study groups: group 1 (n = 6): control group; group 2 (n = 6): only DEX group; group 3 (n = 6): I/R group; group 4 (n = 6): I/R + DEX group. Then, ovarian samples were taken and examined histologically and immunohistochemically, and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. In the I/R group MDA levels, caspase-3, NF-κB/p65, 8-OHdG positivity, and follicular degeneration, edema, and inflammation were increased compared to the control group (p = 0.000). In addition, GSH levels were significantly decreased in the I/R group compared to the control group (p = 0.000). On the other hand, in the I/R + DEX treatment group MDA levels, caspase-3, NF-κB/p65, 8-OHdG positivity, follicular degeneration, edema, and inflammation findings were decreased than in the I/R group (p = 0.000, p = 0.005, p = 0.005, p = 0.001, p = 0.005, respectively). However, GSH levels increased significantly in the I/R + DEX treatment group compared to the I/R group (p = 0.000). DEX protects against ovarian I/R injury through antioxidation and by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis.

The Protective effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa on Lung Damage in Rats due to Cigarette Smoke Exposure

Background: Cigarette smoke consists of many free radicals that can reduce antioxidants in the body and further trigger oxidative stress. The state of oxidative stress can be minimized through antioxidant supplementation. Hibiscus sabdariffa (Rosella) is a herbal plant reported to be rich in antioxidants.Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Rosella extract on the microstructure of the lung and plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of rats exposed to cigarette smoke.Methods: This research is an experimental study with a post-test-only group design. A total of 36 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups[L1] . Group K was given standard food and free access to water. Group K1, K2, P1, P2, and P3 were exposed to 4 cigarettes/day for 30 consecutive days. Before cigarette smoke exposure, each group received treatment with 1 mL saline (K1), vitamin E 0.2 g/kg b.w. (K2), and infused Rosella 0.25 g/kg b.w. (P1), 0.5 g/kg b.w. (P2), and 1 g/kg b.w. (P3). Plasma MDA levels were measured by the TBARS method. Statistical analysis was performed with one way ANOVA test and continued with a post hoc test.Results: Circulated MDA levels of groups K, K1, K2, P1, P2, and P3 were 1.84 ± 0.18 nmol/mL, 9.57 ± 0.27 nmol/mL, 2.24 ± 0.10 nmol/mL, 4.93 ± 0.31 nmol/mL 3.85 ± 0.55 nmol/mL, and 2.62 ± 0.37 nmol/mL respectively. Cigarette smoke exposure in group K showed significantly higher MDA levels (K versus K1; p &lt; 0.001). The administration of rosella infusion (P1, P2, P3) and or vitamin E supplementation (K2) can significantly suppress the plasma MDA levels due to cigarette smoke exposure ( p &lt; 0.05). The administration of Rosella flower infusion 1 g/kg b.w. has an antioxidant effect similar to vitamin E supplementation 0.2 g/kg b.w. (p = 0.268).Conclusion: The administration of Rosella flower infusion could prevent lung damage from oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke exposure. Keywords: Cigarette, Hibiscus sabdariffa,MDA, Oxidative stress.

Assessment of the serum biochemical changes in Eimeria tenella-challenged broiler chickens pre-treated with methanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum, Vernonia amygdalina leaves, and Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark

Objectives: In this study, the changes in serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens pre-ad¬ministered with methanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum, Vernonia amygdalina leaves, and Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark and challenged with Eimeria tenella were assessed. Materials and Methods: One hundred 1-day-old Abor acre broiler chicks were randomly divided into 10 groups as follows: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2, E, and F. From 14 to 20 days of age (doa), extracts of G. lucidum were administered to groups A1 and A2; V. amygdalina to B1 and B2; V. paradoxa to C1 and C2; Amprolium to D1 and D2; and E was the positive control, while F was the negative control. At 21 doa, each bird in groups A2, B2, C2, D2, and E were challenged orally with E. tenella sporulated oocysts. Blood was collected at 14, 21, and 28 doa into labelled plain tubes and analyzed for biochemical parameters. Results: The outcomes revealed no significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) in the biochemical param¬eters in all groups of broiler chickens at 14 and 21 doa. At 28 doa, there were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased catalase (CAT) activities in challenged groups than in unchallenged groups. Among the challenged groups, there was a non-significantly (p &gt; 0.05) lower SOD activity, higher CAT, glutathione peroxidase activities, and malondialdehyde level in group E than in groups A2, B2, C2, and D2. Conclusion: The pre-treatment of E. tenella-challenged broiler chickens with the methanol extracts of G. lucidum, V. amygdalina leaf, and V. paradoxa stem bark significantly ameliorated changes in SOD and CAT activities.

Efficacy of low extra-abdominal aortic block in cesarean section for placenta accreta spectrum disorders and its effect on the expression of MDA and SOD.

Placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PAS) refers to a group of abnormalities in placental adhesion and invasion, which may lead to serious complications such as intractable postpartum hemorrhage. The use of low-level extra-abdominal aortic temporary block during cesarean section may reduce intraoperative bleeding in patients with PAS, but it may also cause ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study, we intend to investigate the efficacy of low extra-abdominal aortic block in cesarean section for placental implantation disease and its effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and analyze the severity of ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by them. Pregnant women with invasive placenta accreta spectrum disorders who delivered in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from July 2017 to July 2021, were selected, and they were divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of those who underwent low extra-abdominal aortic block during cesarean section (n=15) and group B consisted of those who did not undergo extra-abdominal aortic block (n=15). The intraoperative bleeding, blood transfusion, hysterectomy and complication rate, postoperative hospital stay and hospitalization expenses were compared between the 2 groups to analyze the efficacy of abdominal aortic block. The biochemical indexes related to ischemia-reperfusion, MDA content and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, were measured at the corresponding time points in both groups. The time points of each test were: in group A, before the block of the low extra-abdominal aorta after delivery (A0), 0 h (A1, when the myometrium was started to be sutured), 0.5 h (A2), 2 h (A3), and 4 h (A4) after the open block; in group B, after delivery of the fetus (B0), 0 h (B1), 0.5 h (B2), 2 h (B3), and 4 h (B4) after the myometrium was started to be sutured. Total duration of abdominal aortic block in group A was also recorded. Both groups were observed for sings of edema, ischemia, necrosis and infection in the limbs after surgery. The severity of ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by abdominal aortic block were determined by detecting the relevant biochemical indexes at different moments of reperfusion. The intraoperative bleeding and blood transfusion in group A were less than those in group B, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative hospital stay and hospitalization expenses between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Surgical complications: in group A, the uterus was preserved in all cases, there was 1 bladder injury and 2 pelvic infections; while in group B, there was 1 hysterectomy, 3 bladder injuries, and 3 pelvic infections. Changes in T-SOD and MDA values: compared with A0 before block, the MDA level was significantly elevated in blood at time points A1, A2, and A3, while SOD activity was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the 2 observed indexes basically returned to A1 level (ischemic period) at 4 h after open block (A4). There was no significant difference in the changes of T-SOD and MDA in group B (P>0.05). Comparison of T-SOD and MDA levels between group A and B: the difference of the 2 indexes was not statistically significant between A0 and B0 (P>0.05), MDA level was not statistically significant between A1 and B1, T-SOD activity at A1 was lower than B1, the difference was statistically significant, at the rest of the same time point, MDA level in group A were higher than that in group B, T-SOD activity in group A were lower than that in group B, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). No postoperative limb edema, ischemia, necrosis, or infection occurred in both groups. Low-level extra-abdominal aortic block effectively reduces bleeding and transfusion during cesarean section for placenta accreta spectrum disorders, resulting in a transient MDA elevation and a decrease of SOD activity, which means causing transient ischemia-reperfusion injury without complications such as limb edema, ischemia, necrosis, and infection.

The ınvestigation of Ischemia Modified Albumin, Sialic Acid, And Malondialdehyde Levels in Cupping Blood of Interscapular Area in Women With Headache, Backache, and Low Back Pain

Objective: Ischemia modified albumin (IMA), sialic acid and malondialdehyde (MDA) are the most frequently used biomarker of oxidative stress in many health problems. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between IMA, sialic acid and MDA levels and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores in the cupping blood of the interscapular region in women with headache, low back pain, and backache. Material and Methods: This study was performed on 96 women between the ages of 18-55. Participants were divided into three groups according to complaints of backache (30 women, group 1), low back pain (31 women, group 2) and headache (35 women, group 3) . IMA, sialic acid and MDA levels were measured spectrophotometrically in the cupping blood of the interscapular region. Results: There was no significant difference between IMA, sialic acid and MDA levels in the cupping blood of the interscapular region of groups. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between MDA levels of group 1, group 2 and group 3 and VAS values (p &lt;0.01). In addition, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between sialic acid levels and VAS values of group 1 and group 3 (p &lt;0.01). In addition, statistically significant positive correlation was found between IMA levels and VAS values of group 3 (p &lt;0.01). Conclusion: Our study was the first study in the literature investigating the MDA, IMA and sialic acid levels in the cupping blood in the differential diagnosis of different region pain types. The levels of these parameters were not found to be different in distinguishing different region etiologies of pain in the obtained findings. However, according to our VAS scores, there was a decrease the pain of the patients after cupping therapy and the relationship between these values and oxidative parameters was also determined.

Evaluation of Combined Effects of Vitamin E and Methylprednisolone in Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury of the Testicle Post Torsion and Detorsion in West African Dwarf Goats

Background: To investigate the protective effects of vitamin E and methylprednisolone on ischemia and reperfusion testicular injury after testicular torsion and detorsion in West African dwarf (WAD) goats. Methods: Thirty-two male WAD goats were randomly allocated into four groups (n=8); group A was treated with vitamin E, group B with methylprednisolone, group C with combo-therapy of vitamin E and methylprednisolone and group D was the control. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), total tissue protein (TTP) and catalase (CAT) were assayed while tissue biopsies were harvested for evaluation of degeneration of germinal cells, desquamation in germinal cells, interstitial edema and haemorrhage. Result: Findings revealed that Vitamin E administered immediately post ligature application significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased MDA level in groups A and C. Vitamin E monotherapy and its combination with methylprednisolone respectively ameliorated more the cellular damage and histological alterations caused by ischaemia and reperfusion injury. This study, therefor, suggests that vitamin E monotherapy and its combination with methylprednisolone is more beneficial in the management of short and long term ischemia/reperfusion injury respectively.

Effect of treatment with trypanocides on Trypanosoma brucei induced oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in dogs

Oxidative stress and alteration of endogenous antioxidant enzymes play roles in the pathophysiological mechanism of trypanosomosis. The oxidative stress marker: malondialdehyde- MDA and antioxidative stress markers: Serum catalase- CAT, Serum Reduced Glutathione -GSH-Rd and Serum Superoxide dismutase- SOD of Nigerian local dogs (NLD) experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei were evaluated after treatments with diminazene aceturate (DA) and isometamidium chloride (IMC). Twenty dogs of age 3 – 4 months were assigned to any of the four groups of five dogs each as follows: 1 = infected and treated with DA (7.0 mg/kg); 2 = uninfected untreated; 3 = infected and untreated; 4 = infected and treated with IMC (0.5 mg/kg). DA and IMC cleared the parasites from the blood, following treatment of the dogs. Relapse was recorded in two dogs in group 1 and one dog in group 4 on days 35 and 56 post-infection (PI) respectively. No dog died except one in group 1. The levels of malondialdehyde- MDA increased significantly by day 7 post-infection in all the infected groups. However, by day 14 post-infection the malondialdehyde levels in group 4 became similar with group 2. The MDA level in group 1 remained significantly higher than in group 2. As from days 7 – 14 post-infection Catalase, Reducedg glutathionend superoxide dismutase levels in the infected groups were significantly lower than group 2. Nevertheless, both trypanocides did not return the levels of CAT, GSH, and SOD to pre-infection values before the termination of the experiment. The findings suggested that the two trypanocides could neither reverse the induced oxidative stress nor normalize the antioxidant capacity of the dogs infected with T. brucei.

Protective Effects of Curcumin on Sperm and Stereological Parameters in Testes of Formaldehyde-Exposed NMRI Mice: An Experimental Study

Background and Aims: Formaldehyde (FA) exposure is an important cause of cellular injury and oxidative damage in testis, leading to infertility. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of curcumin on sperm and stereological parameters in testes from formaldehyde-exposed NMRI mice. Materials and Methods: At 6-8 weeks of age, 24 adult male NMRI mice weighing 30-35 g were categorized into four groups (n=6) based on the treatment they received: Group І (control) received no treatment, group ΙΙ received FA (10 mg/kg), group ΙΙΙ received FA (10 mg/kg) and curcumin (100 mg/kg), and group IV (Solvent) received dimethyl sulfoxide (0.2 ml/day). Materials were administered intraperitoneally for 35 days. After excision, epididymis tissues were placed in 1 mL aliquots of Ham’s F10 medium at 37˚C for 20 min and were then used in analyses of sperm parameters. Testes were fixed and stained with Hematoxylin &amp; Eosin to investigate stereological indices. We also determined lipid peroxidation levels using malondialdehyde assays. Results: Mean sperm parameters (count, motility, viability, and morphology) differed significantly between groups ΙΙ and ΙΙΙ (p≤0.001). Stereological indices, including Leydig and spermatogonia cell numbers and surface-to-volume ratios of seminiferous tubules were significantly higher in group ΙΙΙ than in group ΙΙ (p≤0.001) . Finally, malondialdehyde levels in group III were significantly lower than in group II (p=0.001). Conclusions: The data showed that the curcumin, as an antioxidant, reduced FA-induced damage in sperm parameters and stereological indices in mice testes.

Effects of Yoga on Blood Pressure and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in Mild Hypertensive Patients

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is considered a prominent cause of mortality. Essential hypertension is regarded as the most important risk factor for CVD in modern society despite advanced and effective management. Malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of oxidative stress, is produced by the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid. Nadishodhan pranayam leads to decrease stress as well as blood pressure. It was an interventional type of study done between January 2020 to May 2020. Ninety-seven mild hypertensive patients (53 males and 44 females) of group I completed the yoga program. While fifty normotensive subjects were included as a control in group II. Blood pressure and MDA were measured of every participant before and after three months of the yoga program. Total ninety-seven mild hypertensive patients of age 33.6± 8.66 years of group I completed three months yoga program. However, fifty subjects (34.7 ± 7.73 years)of group II had not done any yogic exercise for three months. This study showed a significant difference in SBP (p&lt;0.001), DBP (p&lt;0.001), HR (p&lt;0.001), PP (p&lt;0.001) and MAP (p&lt;0.001) group I mild hypertensive patients after following three months yoga program. There was a significant difference between before and after the yoga program MDA level of group I mild hypertensive patients. However, there was an insignificant difference between before and after three months level of MDA in group II control subjects. In this study, it has been observed that the daily practice of yoga improves the blood pressure of mildly hypertensive patients. Moreover, it substantially decreases oxidative stress. Yoga can be an effective alternative to reduce blood pressure in mild hypertensive patients either with medication or without medication.

L-Citrulline Supplementation Enhances Reproductive Functions of Lead Acetate Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male Sprague Dawley Rats

Introduction: Lead (Pb) is a transition metal and a known male reproductive toxicant that induces its effects mainly through oxidative stress. This study investigated the effects of L-Citrulline (Cit) supplement on reproductive functions and antioxidant activities in Lead acetate treated male rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty male rats (180-200 g) were grouped into four and treated as follows; Group 1 (Control), given distilled water, Group 2 was given Pb acetate (2.25mg/kg), Group 3 was co-treated with Pb acetate (2.25mg/kg) and Cit (900mg/kg) and Group 4 was given Cit (900mg/kg) only. All administrations were done orally for thirty days. Caudal sperm, serum hormone levels and testicular antioxidant activities and Nitric oxide levels were evaluated at the end administrations.&#x0D; Results: Results showed decrease (p&lt;0.05) in sperm morphology, count, viability, motility, FSH, LH, Testosterone, Catalase, Nitric Oxide and Super oxide dismutase in Group 2(Pb treated rats), when compared to Group 1(Control).However, in Group 3 (Pb acetate co-administered with Cit) the effect was significantly reversed (p&lt;0.05) compared with Group 2 and significant increase was observed in Group 4 (Cit only group) compared with Group 2.&#x0D; There was an increase (p&lt;0.05) in Malondialdehyde level in Group 2 compared with (Group 1) Control while a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) was observed in Groups 3 and 4 compared with Group 2.&#x0D; Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that L- Citrulline supplement has ameliorating capacity on the toxic effect of Lead acetate on sperm parameters.

Effect of L/N-type Calcium Channel Blocker (Cilnidipine) on Oxidative Stress in Nitric Oxide-Deficient Hypertensive Rats

Background: The sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in the renal function through the vasoactive system and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. Even though interest in the renal protective effects of sympathetic blocker has been increased, there are not much data to clarify this efficiency in nitric oxide deficient hypertensive rats. Aim and Objectives: To find out the effect of cilnidipine, L/N-type calcium channel blocker on oxidative stress of kidney in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibited experimental hypertensive rats. Material and Methods: Male Albino Wistar rats (n-24) were randomly allocated into four groups: group 1, control received vehicle; group 2, received Cilnidipine; group 3, received NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME); group 4, received L-NAME C All drugs are given orally for 4 weeks. Blood pressure was measured before and after the intervention and twice during intervention for all the rats. On the 29th day, blood was collected and animals were sacrificed and kidneys were collected. Serum and kidney tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are estimated. Results: The results demonstrate that there is a significant increase in Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in L-NAME treated rats compared to the control group. Treatment with cilnidipine significantly decreases the MAP in group 4 rats. We also demonstrated the significantly elevated serum and kidney tissue MDA levels in L-NAME treated rat. Treatment with Cilnidipine reduced serum and kidney tissue MDA levels in group 4 rats compared to group 3 rats. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that cilnidipine has suppressive effects against progressive renal injury as evidenced by decreased oxidative stress indicator MDA levels in NO deficient hypertensive rats. This effect is explained by the L/N type calcium channel inhibition of cilnidipine, the L-type calcium channel blocking action lowers blood pressure and N-type calcium channel blocking action leads to suppression of the sympathetic nerve activity and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Zinc and melatonin supplementation ameliorates brain cortex tissue damage in DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats.

This study aims to investigate the effects of zinc and melatonin supplementation on lipid peroxidation in the brain cortex in DMBA-induced breast cancer in female rats. A total of 42 recently weaned Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: Control (Group 1), DMBA Control (Group 2), DMBA+Zinc (Group 3), DMBA+Melatonin (Group 4), DMBA+Melatonin et Zinc (Group 5). At the end of the study, all animals were sacrificed by decapitation and Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in brain cortex tissue samples were determined via spectrophotometric methods. The highest MDA levels were in the DMBA-treated group (Group 2) (p<0.05). MDA levels in Group 3, Group 4, and Group 5 were significantly lower than in group 2 (p<0.05). Also, GSH levels in group 3, 4, and 5 were significantly higher than in group 2 (p<0.05). There are no reports on whether DMBA-induced experimental breast cancer affects oxidative stress in brain tissue. In this respect, our study revealed that the increased brain cortex tissue damage in DMBA-induced breast cancer is alleviated by Zinc, melatonin, or combined zinc and melatonin treatment (Fig. 3, Ref. 26).

Early L-carnitine Therapy in Severe Acute Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Introduction: Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a common solid fumigant pesticide used for agricultural and nonagricultural purposes. In Egypt, AlP tablets are frequently used to commit suicide, and AlP poisoning constituting a frequent cause of admission and mortality in poison control centers. Current management of AlP poisoning is limited to supportive care; as there is no specific antidote. Objectives: to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of early L-carnitine administration, as an antioxidant, in treatment of severe acute AlP poisoning. Material and methods: This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial. It was conducted in Tanta Poison Control center (Emergency Hospital, Tanta University). Fifty acute AlP intoxicated patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups A and B using the sequentially numbered, opaque sealed envelopes method. Group A received only the routine treatment. Group B received L – Carnitine therapy as follow: 9 ampoules (9 gm) of L- Carnitine in 500 ml of 0.9% normal saline given as continuous IV infusion, until improvement or death in addition to the routine treatment. Complete physical examination, routine laboratory investigations and oxidative stress markers; malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were assessed for each patient. Results: Comparison between groups A and B 12 hrs after admission revealed significant reduction of the mean MDA levels in group B than group A (7.54± 1.74 and 16.22± 2.95 respectively, p 0.05). Conclusion: Early administration of L-carnitine IV infusion was effective and safe as an adjuvant treatment of AlP poisoned patients.

One-lung ventilation duration-dependent stress response in thoracotomies and the effect of a low-volume, high-frequency differentiated ventilation strategy on this response.

This study aims to investigate the effect of ventilation of the non-ventilated lung in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation by a separate low-tidal-volume (1 mL/kg) ventilator at high frequency (30/min) on preventing the effect of one-lung ventilation-associated oxidative damage. The study included 45 patients (24 males, 21 females; mean age 54.6±7.7 years; range, 18 to 65 years) with an American Society of Anesthesiologists risk group of 1 to 2 and scheduled for elective thoracotomy. Patients were randomly divided into three groups as those due for thoracotomy without one-lung ventilation (group 1, n=15), those due for thoracotomy with one-lung ventilation (group 2, n=15), and those due for thoracotomy in whom both lungs were ventilated (group 3, n=15). Blood specimens were collected for ischemia-modified albumin, malondialdehyde, and lactate measurements one minute before one-lung ventilation (t0), 30 minutes after one-lung ventilation (t1), 60 minutes after one-lung ventilation (t2), and at postoperative 24th hour (t3). For group 1, t0 was defined as the time at which the thorax was opened. A statistically significant increase in ischemia-modified albumin, malondialdehyde, and lactate levels occurred in group 2 as the duration of one-lung ventilation increased (p<0.01). Plasma ischemia-modified albumin and malondialdehyde levels in group 3 were statistically significantly lower at t1, t2, and t3 compared with group 2 (p<0.01). Plasma lactate levels were significantly lower in group 3 at t1 (p<0.05) and t3 compared with group 2 (p<0.01). Separate ventilation of the non-ventilated lung with low tidal volume and high frequency reduces the response to one-lung ventilation-associated oxidative stress in thoracic surgery.

Investigation of Blood and Urine Malondialdehyde Levels in Mice Exposed to Silica Dust

Background and Objectives:Occupational exposure to silica dust can lead to biochemical damage. Malondialdehyde (MDA) can be considered as a primary marker for measuring the level of oxidative stress in a living organism. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the level of MDA in blood and urine of mice exposed to silica dust.Material and Methods:In this experimental study, 72 mice (BALB/c) were randomly allocated to five exposed groups and 1 control group. Exposure of mice to pure 99% silica dust was done in closed containers. Blood sampling was performed from the heart of mice and urine sampling fulfilled by insertion into a metabolic cage. The RAOet al. method was used to measure MDA.Results:The highest level of plasma MDA in group 1 in the 4thmonth was 8.4±0.41 nmol/l and the lowest level of MDA was 1.3±0.2 nmol/l in the third sampling in the control group, also the highest amount of urine MDA in the first and second groups and 4 months after exposure was 1.16±0.51 nmol/l, and the lowest in the control group and in the third sampling was 0.48±0.06 nmol/l. A significant difference was found between the levels of MDA in all exposed groups at different times except for the 5thgroup with the lowest concentration (P&lt; 0.05).Conclusion:MDA in blood and urine could be proposed as a good biomarker for the evaluation of biochemical damages caused by silica dust. Measuring MDA is also a simple and inexpensive method that does not require complex equipment and can be used as an early detection test for biochemical damages caused by silica.