Major Movements Research Articles

Environmental Footprint of Covid-19 in India: Short Term ‘Green Effect’ but Long Run Pitfall

The outset of novel coronavirus namely SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 first came into the limelight in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and was soon declared a ‘global pandemic’ by W.H.O. in March 2020 after realizing its highly infectious and transmission capability and its potential to develop severe pneumonia-like respiratory infection amongst the humans. This declaration along with the rising number of COVID-19 infected cases and deaths globally led to the complete locking down of countries and cities, thereby limiting all unnecessary human movement and activities by way of imposition of strict measures to control and minimize the spread of the virus. This study reveals that this sudden halt of all major activities and movement resulted in providing a much needed temporary short-term relief to the environment from excessive exploitation at the hands of humans which has caused alarming levels of environmental pollution and GHG emissions, particularly in India. However, on the downside, it has also added a substantial burden on the environment by creating a panic-like situation leading to more than usual waste generation and an enormous challenge of its effective management and disposal which is most likely to persist in the longer run. On the whole, this review points out that years of damage done to the environment cannot be undone by although crucial but short-term relief resulting from such a temporary halt of activities. In the wake of this situation, an attempt has been made to discuss the future challenges that lie ahead of us and recommend possible solutions based on a holistic integrated planning approach which is the need of the hour to tackle the pertinent issue.

Making sense of Lebanon’s approach to the (non-)securitisation of Syrian refugees: a political economic perspective

Lebanon hosts an extraordinarily high number of refugees, and according to a widespread conviction nourished by Lebanon’s political class, they constitute a burden to the country. Thus, an explanation is needed for the fact that – contrary to many European political economies – on the domestic level, neither the central government nor organised social actors have made major attempts to securitise the refugees. Securitisation, ie the presentation of an issue as an existential threat through speech acts in order to legitimise the application of extraordinary measures, did take place, but the primary target audience was international actors. Lebanese authorities took extraordinary measures against Syrian refugees, and societal discrimination against them does exist, but both phenomena are not primarily the outcome of securitising speech acts. This paper proposes an explanation for Lebanon’s particular response to the immigration of Syrian refugees, thereby questioning that this constitutes a burden to Lebanon while highlighting that, by dramatising the ‘refugee crisis’, the Lebanese government aimed at receiving political rents. The main reason why no major political party or social movement put Syrian immigration high on the agenda is that, apart from the political class, assertive social segments of Lebanon’s society also gained from the presence of refugees.

Wrk-1 and rig-5 control pioneer and follower axon navigation in the ventral nerve cord of Caenorhabditis elegans in a nid-1 mutant background.

During nervous system development, neurons send out axons, which must navigate large distances to reach synaptic targets. Axons grow out sequentially. The early outgrowing axons, pioneers, must integrate information from various guidance cues in their environment to determine the correct direction of outgrowth. Later outgrowing follower axons can at least in part navigate by adhering to pioneer axons. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the right side of the largest longitudinal axon tract, the ventral nerve cord, is pioneered by the AVG axon. How the AVG axon navigates is only partially understood. In this study, we describe the role of two members of the IgCAM family, wrk-1 and rig-5, in AVG axon navigation. While wrk-1 and rig-5 single mutants do not show AVG navigation defects, both mutants have highly penetrant pioneer and follower navigation defects in a nid-1 mutant background. Both mutations increase the fraction of follower axons following the misguided pioneer axon. We found that wrk-1 and rig-5 act in different genetic pathways, suggesting that we identified two pioneer-independent guidance pathways used by follower axons. We assessed general locomotion, mechanosensory responsiveness, and habituation to determine whether axonal navigation defects impact nervous system function. In rig-5 nid-1 double mutants, we found no significant defects in free movement behavior; however, a subpopulation of animals shows minor changes in response duration habituation after mechanosensory stimulation. These results suggest that guidance defects of axons in the motor circuit do not necessarily lead to major movement or behavioral defects but impact more complex behavioral modulation.

Attitudes of representatives of major religious movements towards the digitalisation of religion

The Internet has become an integral part of the modern society. It has a strong influence on the social institutions and makes them adapt to the new conditions of the digital environment. Religion is not an exception despite its inherent resistance to change; such an ancient social construct was also forced to enter the process of digitalisation. The article reflects the peculiarities of this process: it analyses the activities of various religious movements in the Russian Federation in the digital environment and reveals the attitude of religious representatives (official and unofficial) to the process of adapting religion to the digital environment. The scholarly literature on the digitalisation of religion was analysed and the problematic aspects of this process were identified. A content analysis of the Internet communities and resources of the main traditional (Orthodoxy, Islam and Judaism) and non-traditional religious teachings (Neopaganism and Satanism)was carried out. We identified the attitude of religious representatives to the digitalisation of religion. We conducted an expert interview with bloggers whose activities are related to the dissemination of religious views on the Internet.

Shake it Off: Negotiations suspended, but hope simmering, after a lack of consensus at the fifth intergovernmental conference on biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction

The process for formulating a new treaty for ‘Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction’ (BBNJ) has been long. Since informal discussions began in 2004, the international community has devoted nearly 20 years to setting the agenda, circumscribing the issue areas, and negotiating the terms of a legally binding BBNJ instrument. The fourth and fifth inter-governmental conferences (IGCs), which both occurred in 2022 after a two-year hiatus due to COVID-19, were supposed to be the last. But despite major movement, altered modalities, and three versions of the draft treaty texts circulated during IGC-5, another round of negotiations ended without consensus on a new agreement. This paper explores the relationships between the pace and content of the emerging treaty, on the one hand, and the dynamics of process, interests, power, and ideology, on the other. After an overview of the negotiation format and apparent progress, subsequent sections consider in turn the issue areas of marine genetic resources (MGRs), area-based management tools, including marine protected areas (ABMTs/MPAs), environmental impact assessments (EIAs), and capacity building and transfer of marine technology (CBTMT). Institutional arrangements and cross cutting issues are also highlighted as key areas where obstacles remain, but where there is simmering hope.

Black Protest as Public Theology

Abstract This study investigates African American protests with particular interest in major movements of the civil rights and hip-hop eras. While scholars argue over the comparisons between the two eras, this work searches for underlining philosophical strands that may locate black protest as intimately cultural-theological. It considers Bourdieu’s habitus as ideological framework to understand philosophical and even more so theological dynamics of black protest. Cultural-theological conclusions inform contemporary protests of their ideological roots in philosophical underpinnings crucial to identity and more rigorous intergenerational effectiveness.

Civic activism and petition politics in energy transitions: Discursive tactics, networking, and media mobilization in an anti-nuclear movement in China

Anti-nuclear movements play an important role globally in shaping low-carbon energy transition. However, the complexity of the politics involved implies that such social movements evolve differently under different national contexts. This paper conducts a case study of a major anti-nuclear movement against the Pengze inland nuclear power project in Jiangxi Province, China. It develops the concept of petition politics, a less confrontational form of citizen-led activism wherein local activists seek support from the central government. Drawing on primary data collected from 17 in-depth interviews and three focus group meetings, our case study illustrates how four retired local cadres were able to influence nuclear governance through mobilizing critical resources for petitioning. We found that three key strategies of petition politics were deployed, which include: (1) the deployment of a discursive tactic; (2) the mobilization of political and social networks to gain access to national policy-making; and (3) the combined mobilization of mass media and social media to reframe a narrative to mobilize multiple stakeholders. We argue that although the anti-nuclear movement has improved the representativeness, inclusiveness, and rationality of nuclear governance, it has limits in scaling up the locally grown petitions to achieve greater impacts at the national level. We therefore call for improving nuclear risk governance in China through integrating petition complaints process and local deliberative governance practice.

Connected Transit Bus Dynamic Priority Weight Modeling and Conflicting Request Resolution Control at the Signalized Intersection

Multiaccess edge computing (MEC) and connected vehicle (CV) technologies have shown great potential and strength for traffic perception and real-time computing, which can be applied to enhance the efficiency of connected transit bus operations under their lower penetration conditions. Moreover, for the transit signal priority system, how to establish a model to measure traffic demand for conflicting priority request resolution and improve system response time has been widely researched for the last few decades. This paper proposes a dynamic priority weight (DPW) model for connected transit buses and a traffic signal control approach to coordinate multidirectional conflicting priority requests at a signalized intersection. The proposed model takes advantage of vehicle location, speed, and signal timing data to build time to change (TTOC) correlation functions to measure priority weights of both single-vehicle and directionality accumulation with consideration of vehicles arriving during the current green phase and conflict phase conditions; then, the aggregated priority weight value of each movement can be calculated in real-time. Once the maximum aggregated priority weight value among all movements is determined, the corresponding phase switch strategy is presented for the conflicting request resolution control problem. Homologous algorithm software for distributed deployment can be subsequently used for swift response. Simulation results show that the proposed DPW model-based traffic signal control method shows significant performance advancement, where the queueing vehicle number decrease exceeds 1 pcu/s and the throughput rate of major movements increases by approximately 2% without sacrificing the performance of minor movements in a large amount. What is more, it shows better delay optimization for social vehicles than the algorithm with delay as the objective while declining bus delay appreciable quantity with 43.4 s in average. Field test results also show that this method has excellent abilities to improve intersectional traffic capacity, for which queueing vehicle number and throughput rate indicators of all phases dramatically improved with 1.92 pcu/s and 6.68% on average, except for a slight degradation of individual minor traffic movements with 0.99 pcu/s and 0.11%.

A Century of Behavioral Genetics at the University of Minnesota.

The University of Minnesota has played an important role in the resurgence and eventual mainstreaming of human behavioral genetics in psychology and psychiatry. We describe this history in the context of three major movements in behavioral genetics: (1) radical eugenics in the early 20th century, (2) resurgence of human behavioral genetics in the 1960s, largely using twin and adoption designs to obtain more precise estimates of genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in behavior; and (3) use of measured genotypes to understand behavior. University of Minnesota scientists made significant contributions especially in (2) and (3) in the domains of cognitive ability, drug abuse and mental health, and endophenotypes. These contributions are illustrated through a historical perspective of major figures and events in behavioral genetics.

Situation of Refugees from Ukraine in the Republic of Moldova

The war in Ukraine has generated a major refugee movement in European countries. According to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, since February 24, 2022, more than 6.9 million people from Ukraine became refugees. Among the countries that had border crossings of refugees from Ukraine and hosted these refugees, the Republic of Moldova is the country with the second highest pressure from refugees to the size of the population of the host country, after the Czech Republic. Considering this, it is important to evaluate the situation of refugees from Ukraine in the Republic of Moldova.

Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on capesize and panamax sectors: the method of empirical mode decomposition

ABSTRACT This paper assesses quantitatively the impact of COVID-19 on the Capesize as well as the Panamax sectors using the event analysis method based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). Different components are decomposed from the freight rates time series. The decomposed dominant modes manage to capture the event of COVID-19, accounting for the major movements of the freight market. The event of 2008 financial crisis is utilized as a benchmark to analyze the impact of COVID-19. Compared to the 2008 financial crisis, the dominant modes during COVID-19 rebound in quite a short time. Factors contributing to the decline of freight rates during the COVID-19 pandemic are relatively simpler than during the 2008 financial crisis, indicating that the COVID-19 should not have a long-lasting impact on the dry bulk shipping market. The results not only prove that the method used in this paper is capable of evaluating the impact of future events on the freight market but also provide some practical implications to the maritime industry.

The History of Student Movements in India: A Sociological Account

This research work is an attempt to present a brief historical and sociological account of student movements in colonial and post-colonial India. This article deals with the aspect of Indian history and Indian sociology that has long been ignored, that is, student movements in India. Another reason to record this history is that students and student movements in India have either become the reason or have marked their presence on several occasions of social and political change in India. In this article, we have covered the major student movements of pre- and post-colonial India while discussing various events that either influenced or were catalysed by various student movements in different time periods. This research article also emphasizes and accounts the changes student movements have gone through over a period of time.

Review: Boyle Heights: How a Los Angeles Neighborhood Became the Future of American Democracy, by George J. Sánchez

Nearly three decades after exploring the history of Los Angeles’ Boyle Heights neighborhood through the lens of twentieth-century Mexican migration and settlement, George J. Sánchez has invited us to revisit those same streets and their residents through the lenses of world history and U.S. immigration and civil rights history writ large. The result is a coherent, sweeping, dazzling array of new understandings: of the ways Los Angeles urban policies pushed multiple marginalized groups into a shared space; of how political and economic transformations around the globe intersected in one specific place through human relationships; and of how those relationships, in turn, shaped major social movements in ways we had not previously appreciated.The first half of the book, which spans the early nineteenth century through the 1950s, recovers and recasts the neighborhood’s multi-ethnic past. Popular accounts imagine a simple story of “ethnic succession,” from a predominantly Jewish to an entirely Mexican neighborhood. Indeed, a leading historian of L.A. Jewry had earlier concluded that, “[Jewish] Boyle Heights evoked little nostalgia upon its demise.”1 Sánchez convincingly argues the opposite as he recounts the specific dynamics of warmth and tensions in relationships amongst Boyle Heights’ Jewish, Mexican, Italian, Japanese, Russian, and Black residents—each in their own way refugees from violence and economic convulsion around the world. Through Sánchez’s eyes and exhaustive archival work, we come to understand Boyle Heights as a major center of Black community life; see Japanese American internment as a transformative experience in American Jewish history because it pushed Los Angeles’ Jewish residents and institutions to connect their struggle to others’; and appreciate the ways that Mexican and Jewish labor activists played formative roles in each other’s early political empowerment. Drawing on his 2004 article, Sánchez shows that the Jewish exodus from the neighborhood in the 1950s was shaped by the relentless forces of state-sponsored segregation yet was at once a site of internal community struggle about the nature of Jewish identity and its relationship to radical politics and to other neighboring communities.Sánchez’s work on the Civil Rights period and beyond revisits the highlights of Los Angeles Chicano history with an emphasis on the role of contingency and lived experience in a multi-racial city. We now see the East L.A. student walkouts of 1968 as inspired more by student leaders’ interest in the Watts Riots than Chicano nationalism. We learn, in detail for the first time, about daily life during this iconic neighborhood’s shift from majority Mexican American to majority undocumented immigrant, and how the former came to embrace the latter’s cause. And we gain a window into recent struggles over “gentefication” as college-educated Latinos faced rejection from some local activists when they returned to the neighborhood to start businesses.As an historian of the Mexican American past, I am grateful for this endlessly rich social history to inform ongoing struggles and give deeper meaning to present-day political coalitions. As the granddaughter of Beverly Millman, a Jewish American teen who moved to Boyle Heights with her parents in the early 1940s but joined her community’s “exodus” to other neighborhoods just a few years later, I am grateful for this chance to place my own family in America’s story anew. It is fitting that Sánchez, who has transformed the field of Chicano History through graduate mentorship, would now perfect its promise of offering usable pasts for both families and communities to construct more humane futures.

Fuzzy inference system (FIS) - long short-term memory (LSTM) network for electromyography (EMG) signal analysis

A wide range of application domains,s such as remote robotic control, rehabilitation, and remote surgery, require capturing neuromuscular activities. The reliability of the application is highly dependent on an ability to decode intentions accurately based on captured neuromuscular signals. Physiological signals such as Electromyography (EMG) and Electroencephalography (EEG) generated by neuromuscular activities contain intrinsic patterns for users’ particular actions. Such actions can generally be classified as motor states, such as Forward, Reverse, Hand-Grip, and Hand-Release. To classify these motor states truthfully, the signals must be captured and decoded correctly. This paper proposes a novel classification technique using a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network to classify the motor states based on EMG signals. Existing EMG signal classification techniques generally rely on features derived from data captured at a specific time instance. This typical approach does not consider the temporal correlation of the signal in the entire window. This paper proposes an LSTM with a Fuzzy Logic method to classify four major hand movements: forward, reverse, raise, and lower. Features associated with the pattern generated throughout the motor state movement were extracted by exploring published data within a given time window. The classification results can achieve a 91.3% accuracy for the 4-way action (Forward/Reverse/GripUp/RelDown) and 95.1% (Forward/Reverse Action) and 96.7% (GripUp/RelDown action) for 2-way actions. The proposed mechanism demonstrates high-level, human-interpretable results that can be employed in rehabilitation or medical-device industries.

PSAT187 Bone Mineral Density Normalization in a Young Patient With a Physician Guided Nutrition and Exercise Intervention.

Abstract Lack of consensus on the type and amount of exercise to safely increase bone mineral density (BMD) prevents many clinicians from providing detailed recommendations on how to increase physical activity. We present a young man with low bone density, who was initiated on a non-pharmacologic regimen of physician-directed high intensity resistance exercise (HIRE) and adequate nutrition support. A 28-year-old male was found to have a low bone density attributed to autoimmune hepatitis, chronic systemic glucocorticoids used for 7 years and poor lifestyle habits. Despite stopping steroids since 2014, his BMD was worsening in the femoral neck (FN) to 0.723 g/cm2 (Z-score -2.7) in 2018, representing a 3% loss from the prior year. His BMD in the total hip (TH) site also decreased from 0.775 g/cm2 (Z-score -2.1) to 0.751 g/cm2 (Z-score -2.3) in the same 1-year period (3.1% loss). The patient had no personal or family history of fractures, smoking or alcohol use, but did have a sedentary lifestyle and ate highly processed foods with poor nutritional value. After unremarkable evaluation for further causes of ongoing bone loss, in 09/2018 we initiated a tailored progressive high intensity resistance exercise (HIRE) program. Major compound movements such as squats, deadlifts, military press, and dynamic impact exercises such as medicine ball throws, jumps and farmers carry were performed 3 times a week, maintaining an intensity of >80% 1-repetition maximum with 5 repetitions. The HIRE program was modified every 3 months at endocrinology clinics. After the first year, one on one training with expert kinesiologist was introduced to correct exercise form. Nutrition recommendations were simple, focused on increasing weight, adequate dairy intake, and protein intake at 1.6g/kg of body mass. He maintained adherence to exercise and diet throughout 2018-2021. BMD measured by the same Lunar iDXA increased by 10.8% at the FN from 09/2018 to 09/2019. As often occurs in clinical practice, the patient had bone density scans performed at various centers throughout his years of care. Using BMD standardization algorithms, we estimate that after initiation of our HIRE and nutrition intervention, BMD increased at all sites (LS +9.7%, FN +17.7%, TH +12.7%) when compared to pre-intervention values. His most recent DXA scan on 12/2020 (Hologic Discovery) revealed a Z-score of -1.7 (LS), -1.5 (FN) and -1.5 (TH). We conclude that our HIRE and nutrition intervention lead to clinically significant bone density increases which are expected to lead to a reduction in fracture risk. Additionally, improved lifestyle habits and nutrition are expected to have multiple benefits beyond bone health. It is important that clinicians learn about different types of exercise programs to properly guide patients which could benefit. A HIRE program should be considered in select, able bodied patients with low bone density. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.

Multiple mechanisms contribute to fluorometry signals from the voltage-gated proton channel

Voltage-clamp fluorometry (VCF) supplies information about the conformational changes of voltage-gated proteins. Changes in the fluorescence intensity of the dye attached to a part of the protein that undergoes a conformational rearrangement upon the alteration of the membrane potential by electrodes constitute the signal. The VCF signal is generated by quenching and dequenching of the fluorescence as the dye traverses various local environments. Here we studied the VCF signal generation, using the Hv1 voltage-gated proton channel as a tool, which shares a similar voltage-sensor structure with voltage-gated ion channels but lacks an ion-conducting pore. Using mutagenesis and lipids added to the extracellular solution we found that the signal is generated by the combined effects of lipids during movement of the dye relative to the plane of the membrane and by quenching amino acids. Our 3-state model recapitulates the VCF signals of the various mutants and is compatible with the accepted model of two major voltage-sensor movements.

6.P. Skills building seminar: Children and young people: engaging the unheard stakeholder

Abstract Global shocks from the COVID 19 pandemic have disproportionately impacted children and young people (CYP) and their families. Underlying health disparities have widened as a result of disruptions to healthcare, education and economic impacts. There are compelling arguments to engage children and young people in rebuilding society and systems from emerging public health threats including the covid 19 pandemic, the climate crisis and conflicts. Children and young people like others in society have a right to be involved in decisions that impact their lives and health but are too often unheard. Engaging those affected most by health policy ensures relevance and can improve adoption of interventions. Involving children and young people in strategic decision making can also improve their citizenship skills and improve health literacy. Although many children and young people have contributed to debates and publicly demonstrated their collective views on a variety of issues such as climate change, movements including #timesup, #Blacklivesmatter and #Metoo, their voices are seldom heard in policy and decision making arenas. In 2021, EUPHA CAPH and EUPHANxt sections collaborated to host the inaugural Engaging the Unheard Stakeholder workshop, supporting 2 young people aged <25 to attend the EPH and lead the workshop. (links). CAPH is now committed to make this a regular feature as part of our action plan to support young voices in public health. Learning outcomes • Develop insight into innovative ways to support and engage young people in public health policy making. • Practise advocacy skills to facilitate young people's voices in research & policy Activities Participants will hear from young people who are championing activism or have been involved in shaping public policy. Interactive skills building breakout session involving role play and scenarios to challenge their unconscious bias and learn skills as ‘active bystanders’ to empower young people Key messages • Despite major movements where children and young people have demonstrated their views on a variety of issues such as climate change, their voices are seldom heard in policy and decision making arenas. • Public health professionals can advocate, support and engage children and young people in public health policy making but lack awareness and skills in advocacy to do this effectively.

Introduction: Placing youth at the forefront of active citizenship for social justice

Historically major social movements seeking change, equality, and social justice have been driven by youth. In more recent decades, youth have been at the forefront of challenging the social, political, and ethical blind spots of their age. Continuing the historical role of youth in facilitating social change, their relevance is particularly important today. Much like past movements, in recent years youth have continued to advance the human condition in existing and new, critical directions. Nonetheless, direct youth engagement in social change is far from encouraged, and has declined, especially in situations that question the prevailing social, political, economic, and other ideologies. Youth are also easily dismissed as being idealistic, ill-informed, and unrealistic in their calls for social justice. In most settings, youth are treated as adults in waiting with little voice or ownership over efforts that impact society. In this special issue, and in direct contrast to the scenario outlined above, we seek to present a series of theoretical, empirical, and policy/practice related articles surrounding youth citizenship and action in the context of advancing social justice. Such engagement places youth at the forefront of both grassroots youth lead change and adult led youth engagement as a mechanism for systemic change.

THE MODERATE PATH OF ISLAMIC LEGAL THOUGHT: THE CASE OF MUHAMMADIYAH IN INDONESIA

The religious moderation is a newly introduced discourse in Indonesian Islam context. This movement is aimed at moderating extreme practices of Islam and religion in general. Muhammadiyah, one major Islamic movement in Indonesia is known for its moderate and modern inclination. However, as Muhammadiyah is also known as the movement of Islamic reformation which to some extent is often connected to purification, some identifications of Muhammadiyah as a non-moderate movement prevails. This article shows that Muhammadiyah is a modern and moderate Islamic organization. In order to proof this claim, this paper analyses one document produced by Majelis Tarjih Muhammadiyah, a council within the organization of Muhammadiyah responsible for responding novel issues within the realm of Islamic law in particular, and Islamic thought in general. The document called Risalah Akhlak Filosofis or Treatise on Philosophical Ethics which was issued in 2020 as the result of the council congress. Using the moderation theoretical framework, analysis of the treatise proofs that Muhammadiyah is a moderate Islamic religious movement, in two contexts, theoretical and practical. Moreover, in Muhammadiyah context, moderation is comprehended in two meanings, namely moderation in the meaning of balance and anti or avoiding extremism. In this sense, moderation can be seen through the explanation in the treatise which emphasizes the importance of placing roles in various contexts. Furthermore, moderation in Muhammadiyah’s thought can also be seen in its unwillingness to take advantage of other people’s thoughts. In this case, Muhammadiyah shows its tendency of moderation through dialogue of thought between civilizations.

Determining the role of advection in patterning by bone morphogenetic proteins through neural network model-based acceleration of a 3D finite element model of the zebrafish embryo

Embryonic development is a complex phenomenon that integrates genetic regulation and biomechanical cellular behaviors. However, the relative influence of these factors on spatiotemporal morphogen distributions is not well understood. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are the primary morphogens guiding the dorsal-ventral (DV) patterning of the early zebrafish embryo, and BMP signaling is regulated by a network of extracellular and intracellular factors that impact the range and signaling of BMP ligands. Recent advances in understanding the mechanism of pattern formation support a source-sink mechanism, however, it is not clear how the source-sink mechanism shapes the morphogen patterns in three-dimensional (3D) space, nor how sensitive the pattern is to biophysical rates and boundary conditions along both the anteroposterior (AP) and DV axes of the embryo, nor how the patterns are controlled over time. Throughout blastulation and gastrulation, major cell movement, known as epiboly, happens along with the BMP-mediated DV patterning. The layer of epithelial cells begins to thin as they spread toward the vegetal pole of the embryo until it has completely engulfed the yolk cell. This dynamic domain may influence the distributions of BMP network members through advection. We developed a Finite Element Model (FEM) that incorporates all stages of zebrafish embryonic development data and solves the advection-diffusion-reaction Partial Differential Equations (PDE) in a growing domain. We use the model to investigate mechanisms in underlying BMP-driven DV patterning during epiboly. Solving the PDE is computationally expensive for parameter exploration. To overcome this obstacle, we developed a Neural Network (NN) metamodel of the 3D embryo that is accurate and fast and provided a nonlinear map between high-dimensional input and output that replaces the direct numerical simulation of the PDEs. From the modeling and acceleration by the NN metamodels, we identified the impact of advection on patterning and the influence of the dynamic expression level of regulators on the BMP signaling network.