Major Mitigation Strategies Research Articles

Prevalence of Burnout among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital, its Contributing Factor, and Strategies to Overcome Challenges during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction: Globally, burnout on healthcare workers leads to negative impact on the individual and organizational levels, which ultimately affects patient care. This study aims to identify the prevalence, contributing factors, and mitigation of burnout among healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: This is a web-based cross-sectional study conducted among 177 healthcare workers during Covid-19 pandemic in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Nepal, from June to December 2021. The participants were selected using a convenience sampling technique. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory scale (>50) was used to assess the level of burnout among healthcare workers during this crisis, along with contributing factors and mitigation strategies to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic. The descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and post-hoc test were utilized Result: The prevalence of burnout for healthcare workers was 125 (70.6%). Nurses and healthcare workers, who have previously worked in covid-19 management were having significantly higher level of personal burnout (H= 13.34, p= 0.004) and work related burnout (H=9.78, p=0.02) score. The main concerns were fear of infecting the family members (80.79%), followed by a lack of resources such as oxygen, personal protective equipment (64.97%). The major mitigation strategies were the provision of incentives (77.97%), good hospital management (74.01%), and training for healthcare professionals (67.8%). Conclusion: Healthcare workers have higher burnout scores in covid -19 pandemic. The study indicated the necessity of employing effective strategies at the individual and institutional level to overcome Covid-19 crises.

Big data analyses for real-time tracking of risks in the mineral raw material markets: implications for improved supply chain risk management

Resilient supply chains have become a key issue for manufacturing companies to ensure a stable supply for their manufacturing processes and for governments to ensure the stable supply of essential goods to society. Building diversified supply chains and monitoring the performance of suppliers are major mitigation strategies to counteract disruptions at an early stage. Supply chain risk management and monitoring of supply chains using big data analytics are getting increasing attention. The growing number of data sources has huge implications on the reporting of incidents that may disrupt supply chains. The data sources may stem from a variety of internet sources like daily media reports provided on websites, social media or specialist media, or they may stem from specific databases. The sooner this information is disclosed to stakeholders and analysed the better the preventive strategies generally are. Timely information prolongs the reaction time and may help to reduce the severity of an incident. This paper highlights a science-based real-time tracking analysis of risks in the mineral raw material markets for the period 2019 to 2021 using big data analytics provided by a commercial system. A set of data for 12 selected mineral raw materials was provided by the authors and analysed using more than 100 risk indicators from 14 major risk categories as part of a commercial big data system. The extracted information can have imminent value to identify supply shortages, production halts or price peaks at an early stage. The main question was to find out whether such big data analytics are precise enough to detect potential, globally relevant, supply shortages in mineral raw material markets in due time. The results of this paper show that using big data analytics can be a very effective tool to extract relevant information about supply sources and to react timely in case of disruptions or social or environmental mismanagement on the supplier side. However, the nature of big data sources suggests that the parameters of the applied models need elaborate configuration. Each raw mineral market has its own peculiarities in terms of volume, mode of transport, market concentration or countries of origin. These factors influence the relevance of the reported incidents. Furthermore, some incidents have a spurious or only minor connection to the individual markets. For these reasons, we conclude that only supervised models reap the most benefits in the monitoring of mineral raw material markets.

Climate Variability, Incidences and Mitigation Strategies among Poultry Farmers in Abia State, Nigeria

This paper investigated climate variability, incidences and mitigation strategies among poultry farmers in Abia State, Nigeria. It specifically analysed the trend of climate variables over the period of 30 years, the perception of poultry farmers as regards the impact of climate variability on poultry production in the study area, and examined the different mitigation strategies adopted by these farmers. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed in choosing the required sample of 120 poultry farmers. Data were collected with validated structured questionnaire, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result showed a high inter-annual variability in the volume of rainfall from 1983 to 2012 with insignificant correlation (0.0781) between rainfall volume and time. Also, the result showed reduction in number of rainy days and sunshine duration between 1983 and 2012 with correlation coefficients of 0.146 and 0.132respectively. Temperature had significant positive relationship with time with correlation coefficient 0.638.High mortality rate, disease outbreak, smallness of egg size, poor quality of egg shell, heat stress and reduced feed intake actually impacted on poultry production in the study area. Climate variability was therefore found to have affected poultry production in the study area and this has serious environmental and food policies implication. The respondents identified the use of climate resilient breeds, closeness to hatchery, feed improvement, mixed farming, use of artificial cooling system and stocking less during harsh season as major mitigation strategies to climate variability. It is therefore recommended that the government should come up with appropriate policy that will assist the poultry farmer to be more resilient and able to cope with effect of climate variability. Policies should also be formulated to reduce the emission and accumulation of green-house gases in our environment.

Internet Use among University Students in Iringa Region, Tanzania: Trends, Threats and Mitigation

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of internet on university students` moral development in three universities in Iringa region-Tanzania. The study used convergent parallel mixed method design which is both qualitative and quantitative in nature. The researcher applied Moral development Theory by Lawrence Kohlberg in 1958. The sample size was 145 participants comprising of 120 students, 13 lecturers and 12 librarians. Data were collected using questionnaire and interview schedules. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data were organized into themes and narratives from respondents. The findings showed that internet use was highly prevalent among University students in Iringa with 74% of the respondents reporting daily use. The highest content accessed was related to academics followed by romance most of which was accessed at night. The findings further identified plagiarism as a major vice fuelled by internet use. Major mitigation strategies against negative influence of internet identified included strong password adoption, counselling interventions, internet control policy and introduction of policy penalty codes.

Embracing Risk Mitigation Strategies in Pineapple Supply Chain and Its Impact on Supply Chains Performance

Aims: This paper empirically investigated the impact of major risk mitigation strategies employed in the pineapple supply chain on the chains’ performance. Study design: A survey method involving the random sampling technique was used in selecting respondents for the study. Place and Duration of Study: The survey was conducted in Ghana between 13 April 2014–18 August 2014. Methodology: The ordinary least squareregression model was employed to analyze the primary data were collected through a survey with a sample of 303 top executives and participants operating in the pineapple supply chain. Results: The analytical results revealed that, not all the five (5) major mitigation strategies, mostly employed in pineapple supply chain significantly improved the performance of the chain. Risk Original Research Article Nyamah et al.; AJAEES, 4(4): 302-316, 2015; Article no.AJAEES.2015.031 303 acceptance, as a strategy to mitigate any of the risks studied undermined the performance of the chain. With the exception of acceptance as mitigation strategy, all studied strategies employed to mitigate demand related risk, significantly improved the chains’ performance. The adoption of control and coordination as strategies to mitigate supply and logistics related risk, significantly enhanced the chain’s performance respectively. Even though, none of the strategies embraced to mitigate political and weather related risks, significantly improved the chain’s performance, the used of coordination as a strategy to mitigate policy and regulatory risks, yielded significant improvement of the chain’s performance. With the exemption of avoidance and control mitigation strategies, none of the studied strategies employed to mitigate biological and environmental related risks significantly improved the performance of the chain. Also, the adoption of strategies such as avoidance, control and coordination to mitigate management and operation related risks significantly improved the performance of the chain. By mitigating finance related risk, with strategies such as control and coordination, the performance of the chain significantly improved. Conclusion: Therefore, to improve the pineapple supply chain performance, this study advocates the use of mitigating strategies such as avoidance, control and coordination to mitigate all the risk studied with the exception of political and weather related risk.

Modelling of Multi-Mitigation Strategies for Maritime Disruptions in the Wheat Supply Chain

This paper assesses potential mitigation strategies for maritime disruptions occurring during the containerised transport of wheat in wheat supply chains (WSC). The assessment focuses on four major mitigation strategies (inventory and sourcing mitigation, contingency rerouting, recovery planning, and business continuity planning) in order to determine their suitability for managing potential disruptions in the WSC. In this paper, a Markovian-based methodology is the prime means used to evaluate the WSC mitigation strategies. The results of the continuous time period of the Markov chain application suggest that optimised mitigation strategies include the measurement and prediction of WSC costs and time functions over a one-year period.

Analysis of multi-mitigation scenarios on maritime disruptions

This paper assesses four major mitigation strategies (inventory and sourcing mitigation, contingency rerouting, recovery planning and business continuity planning) to determine their suitability for managing potential disruptions in the wheat supply chain. In the wheat supply chain, maritime operations have an essential role due to the critical linkages that connect the global transport of this high density and complex freight task. Maritime logistical risks are wide-ranging and include the uncertainty in vessel arrivals, inventory levels of grain at the port, variety of arriving wheat consignments, and the impact of a low rail car unloading rate and performance of maritime logistic services. These significant factors could subsequently create severe disruptive events in the supply chain process of wheat trading. A Markovian-based methodology is the prime means used to evaluate the mitigation strategies in the context of wheat transport from Australia to Indonesia. As a result, the four-stage continuous time period of the Markov chain application enables the measurement and prediction of supply chain costs and time functions in relation to potential disruptive events. This may assist entities along the wheat supply chain to be better prepared both when attempting to manage maritime disruptions and re-evaluating their supply chain operation planning.

Estimating the Effects of Smolt Transportation from Different Vantage Points and Management Perspectives

AbstractSmolt transportation is a major mitigation strategy in the Columbia River hydrosystem, yet measures of its effects on adult return rates are often unclear. Managers use a variety of transportation effect measures that need to be clearly defined and easy to understand. We develop eight alternative transportation effect measures based on a release–recapture model of juvenile and adult passive integrated transponder tag data and relate the measures to different management perspectives. The performance measures include site‐specific transport−in‐river ratios (T/Is) that view the effect of transportation operations at a site either separate from (“isolated”) or in the context of (“contextual”) the rest of the transportation system. Both relative and absolute systemwide measures of transportation effects are developed, as well as measures for fish in the release group had they been untagged. All performance measures are calculated by the program ROSTER. Transportation effect measures for summer Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the McCall and Pahsimeroi hatcheries released in the Snake River in 1999 range from the isolated site‐specific relative value at Lower Granite Dam of 2.015 (SE = 0.152) to a systemwide relative value of 1.232 (SE = 0.036). This paper explains how these two estimates and the others are correct depending on perspective and management intent.

Climate change. Greenhouse gas mitigation in U.S. agriculture and forestry.

Greenhouse gas mitigation possibilities in the agricultural and forest sector represent a complex system of interlinked strategies. To assess their true economic implementation potential, major mitigation strategies are simultaneously examined with a U.S. agricultural sector model over a large range of hypothetical carbon prices. Soil carbon sequestration through reduced tillage appears most attractive for relatively low carbon prices. Afforestation and biofuel generation, however, dominate at higher price levels. For politically feasible prices, the competitive economic contribution of all major strategies is greatly below their technical potential. However, positive environmental and social coeffects may increase the importance of agricultural mitigation policies.