Anti-inflammatory effects of Glehnia littoralis ethyl acetate extract and its active compound phellopterin via inhibition of N-acylethanolamine acid amidase.

Response surface methodology optimization of cell-free supernatant from P. pentosaceus BJQ fermentation of CeRS3 and its in vitro lipid-lowering effects.

Capsaicinoids prevent intestinal fluid secretion and motility by inhibiting chloride channels.

Fatty acids and phenolic compounds profile of commercial and homemade artichoke pâté products

Astragaloside IV remodels gastric inflammation-cancer transformation by modulating the CXCL5-CXCR2 axis-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Effect of variety differences on the meat quality traits and flavour of donkey meat based on transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis.

Mechanistic investigation of Corydalis yanhusuo in prostate cancer: Targeting the miR-192-5p-PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3-HSP90 pathways.

Ethnopharmacological relevance and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Lycopi Herba in diabetic nephropathy: Integrated chemical profiling and pharmacological evaluation.

Retraction notice to "Identification and characterization of major bioactive compounds from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) extracts showed multi-biomedical applications" [Environ. Res. 242 (2024) 117763

Varietal differences in flavor, stability, and functional components analysis of fried red and green Huajiao oils

Integrated network pharmacology and AlphaFold modeling reveal ESR1 as a key target of Huanglian Jiedu decoction for ameliorating sepsis-induced coagulopathy.

Retraction notice to "Assessment of multi-biomedical efficiency of Andrographis paniculata shoot extracts through in-vitro analysis and major compound identification" [Environ. Res. 242 (2024) 117779

Tea gray blight caused by Pestalotiopsis and allied genera is a destructive disease worldwide, including in India. Although management with synthetic fungicides is a rapid approach, emerging fungicide resistance has become a serious problem for the tea industry. Hence, the present study investigated the efficacy of ethyl acetate (EA) extract and the formulation of Trichoderma reesei to control tea gray blight in India. In addition, the chemical profile of T. reesei and its influence on chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase genes were studied. Trichoderma reesei EA extracts were highly effective (>70.1% growth inhibition) against Pseudopestalotiopsis theae at 100 and 200 μg mL-1 concentrations, suggesting production of potent antifungal volatiles. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of T. reesei EA extract identified 28 metabolites, with four major compounds accounting for >60% of total composition. Scanning electron microscopic analysis demonstrated the mycoparasitic nature of T. reesei to P. theae under laboratory conditions. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that co-inoculated plants with both T. reesei and P. theae expressed respective 2.7- and 2.6-fold increases in chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase expressions relative to controls. A 2-year field trial (2022 and 2023) of the T. reesei-based formulation (20% suspension concentrate) showed over 60.0% disease reduction at 1% and 2% concentrations compared to the control without phytotoxic effect. The formulation was viable for up to seven months with 5.3 × 106 CFU mL-1 population density. A higher disease reduction (>66.0%) was achieved with synthetic fungicides than with T. reesei-based formulation across locations and years, but no significant yield difference occurred between the two treatments. The present results conclude that a T. reesei-based formulation could be a potential biocontrol candidate and a promising alternative to gray blight for sustainable tea production. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

This study explores the biological and pharmacological potential of Inula aschersoniana Janka (I. aschersoniana) by utilizing both in silico computational and in vitro analyses, focusing on anticancer, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory activities. I. aschersoniana extracts were observed to have effective properties against breast cancer (MCF-7) and human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell lines compared to normal human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cell line. Also, effective antioxidant activity of the plant sample was determined by using several in vitro antioxidant methods. Furthermore, inhibitory effects of I. aschersoniana extracts against alpha-glucosidase (α-Gly) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes were evaluated. The IC50 value of I. aschersoniana ethyl acetate extract was determined as 4.05µg/mL for α-Gly and 1.67µg/mL for GST. Similarly, IC₅₀ value of the ethanol extract was measured as 3.74µg/mL for α-Gly and 2.71µg/mL for GST. Also, main organic compounds of I. aschersoniana were detected to be vanillic acid, rutin, and naringin by HPLC technique. Finally, integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to elucidate the potential interactions between the active components of I. aschersoniana and genes associated with breast and colon cancer. To ensure reliability, molecular docking results were validated using re-docking and comparison with reference inhibitors or co-crystallized ligands. RMSD and RMSF analyses revealed that naringin, the major compound of I. aschersoniana, exhibited dynamically stable binding within the active sites of AKT1, EGFR, and PPARG proteins, with AKT1@Naringin and PPARG@Naringin complexes displaying a more stable dynamic profile. In this network pharmacology study, forty-five common targets between the major compounds of I. aschersoniana with breast and colon cancers were identified.

Fungal diseases in fruit crops compromise productivity even when synthetic fungicides are applied. However, growing health and environmental concerns have made such products less attractive to consumers. In this context, the present study aimed to extract and characterise the essential oil (EO) from leaves and flowers of African basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.) by hydrodistillation and to evaluate its bioactivity against the fungi Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium guttiforme and Colletotrichum musae. Average EO yields were 3.90% w/w (leaves) and 2.60% w/w (flowers). Chromatographic analysis identified four constituents, mainly mono- and sesquiterpenes, with eugenol as the major compound (> 80%). Both the EO and pure eugenol displayed fungicidal activity against F. guttiforme and C. musae at 0.50 and 0.80 µL mL⁻¹ (EO) and at 0.50 and 1.20 µL mL⁻¹ (eugenol), respectively. The EO and eugenol were fungistatic against B. cinerea in vitro. The EO also inhibited more than 95% of C. musae conidial germination from 0.20 µL mL⁻¹. In vivo assays, the EO reduced anthracnose severity in bananas. Molecular docking studies revealed that germacrene D and (E)-caryophyllene exhibited the strongest binding affinities to the fungal CYP51 enzyme, with binding energies of - 7.6 and - 7.3kcal/mol, respectively, indicating their potential as effective antifungal agents. These findings indicate that African basil EO is a promising biofungicide and could be strategically integrated into sustainable crop protection programmes.

Indole and skatole are major odorous compounds generated in pig farms and their emissions affect the sustainable development of pig industry seriously. At present, microbial interventions represent an efficient and environmentally sustainable strategy for reducing odor emissions. Research on functional microorganisms specifically targeting indole and skatole emission reduction in pigs remains limited. To compare the concentrations of indole and skatole in Hezuo and DLY pigs, and analysis differences in microbial community characteristics between the two pig breeds, aimed to screen the potential functional gut microbiota in reducing indole and skatole production. Indole and skatole concentrations in the cecum, colon and rectum of Hezuo pigs were reduced compared with DLY pigs (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The relative abundances of Treponema_D, Lactobacillus, Coprococcus_A, Anaeroplasma, and Faecalibacillus were higher in Hezuo pigs (p < 0.05). The relative abundances of Escherichia, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, and Enterococcus_B were higher in DLY pigs (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that Lactobacillus ultunensis, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Anaeroplasma, Faecalimonas, and Faecalibacillus were negatively associated with indole and skatole concentrations (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), whereas Streptococcus hyointestinalis, Catenibacterium, Corynebacterium, and Enterococcus_B showed positive associations (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Specific gut microbiota, including Lactobacillus ultunensis, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Anaeroplasma, Faecalimonas and Faecalibacillus are associated with reduced indole and skatole level, indicating their potential as probiotics for mitigating odor emissions in pig production.

This research focuses on exploring the modulation of pyroptosis and its underlying mechanisms via the "Tianyu" formulation (TY), a traditional Chinese medicine, in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synovial cells (RA-HFLS) and a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. Invitro, RA-HFLS cells were induced with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed using CCK-8, EdU, and Transwell assays, respectively. Pyroptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, and by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-18, TNF-α) in the cell culture supernatants. The expression of pyroptosis-related mRNAs and proteins was examined by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. For invivo analysis, a CIA rat model was established. Joint swelling was evaluated using arthritis scores and paw volume measurements, while histopathological changes in the joint tissues were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Safranin O-Fast Green staining. Serum levels of autoantibodies (anti-CCP, RF), LDH, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α) were quantified concurrently. Furthermore, the expression of pyroptosis-related molecules in joint tissues was determined using RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis. The major components of TY were identified by UHPLC-Q Exactive HFX. Subsequently, molecular docking simulations were performed to evaluate the binding affinities of the main bioactive compounds to the NLRP3, Caspase-1, and GSDMD proteins. Invitro experiments showed that TY significantly reduced the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities, as well as the LDH levels of TNF-α-induced RA-HFLS cells, and decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α in the supernatant. Additionally, TY downregulated the expression of key proteins involved in pyroptosis mediated by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. In the CIA rat model, TY treatment alleviated arthritis symptoms, reduced paw swelling and bone erosion, improved joint pathology, decreased serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α, and suppressed the expression of key proteins involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis pathway in synovial tissue. A total of 95 compounds belonging to 16 classes were identified from TY in both positive and negative ion scanning modes. These included 42 phenylpropanoid and polyphenolic compounds, as well as 12 organic oxides. Molecular docking showed that all five major compounds (Apigenin, Isorhamnetin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Salidroside) bound well to NLRP3, Caspase-1, and GSDMD, with all binding energies below -5 kcal/mol. Among them, Quercetin exhibited the highest affinity for GSDMD (-9.1 kcal/mol). By regulating the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, TY alleviates joint inflammation in CIA rats and reduces pyroptosis in RA-HFLS cells.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a globally consumed staple food, commonly in its white rice form. However, milling processes such as dehusking and polishing remove nutrient-dense outer layers, causing significant losses of key compounds like vitamin E, minerals, and other bioactives (i.e. γ-oryzanol and polyphenols). This study evaluated the impact of rice milling on nutrient retention in 11 rice samples from subspecies Indica, Aromatic, and Japonica grown in Costa Rica, and for selected samples examined the in vitro bioaccessibility and Caco-2 cellular absorption of major bioactive compounds in rice bran. Samples were processed into white rice and rice bran and analyzed for vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and mineral content. White rice contained 66% less vitamin E and 75% fewer minerals than bran, and no clear association was observed between degree of milling and vitamin E loss, suggesting that variation in nutrient retention is more closely related to intrinsic sample characteristics than to milling degree. The in vitro digestion followed by Caco-2 cell assays was used to measure bioaccesibility and absorption of γ-tocotrienol, γ-oryzanol, and ferulic acid from bran. Ferulic acid demonstrated the highest digestive stability, solubility, bioaccesibility (186-1159%) and absorption (0-20%). Γ-Oryzanol showed moderate bioaccesibility (59-162%) and uptake (maximum 0.1-0.7%), likely due to its esterified form, while γ-tocotrienol, though bioaccesible (32-241%), had no detectable absorption. These results confirm rice bran as a valuable source of bioavailable antioxidants and underscore the need to optimize processing methods to retain its nutritional properties.

Seaweed bioactives: A comprehensive review of their nutritional, medicinal, and functional roles.

Microbial-derived metabolites coordinate growth regulation and stress tolerance in Phalaenopsis orchids.