Main Type Of Injury Research Articles

Dental injuries at the Xi'an, China Stomatological Hospital: A Retrospective Study.

In order to enrich epidemiological knowledge regarding traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in China, and to further improve the treatment, prevention and education of TDI, the aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the TDI that presented to the emergency dental department at the Stomatological Hospital in Xi'an, China. This retrospective study included all first-visit patients who presented with TDI at the Stomatological Hospital affiliated with the Fourth Military Medical University in Xi'an, China, between January 2013 and June 2019. Data were extracted using the terms of diagnosis of TDI from the hospital database. Overall, 965 (606 males and 359 females) files were reviewed. The average age was 22.8±13.4years. Among the 2059 teeth injured (average of 2.1 teeth per patient), the maxillary incisors (1751; 85.0%) were the most prevalent teeth to present with injuries, while the main types of injuries were concussions (14.8%) enamel-dentin-fractures (14.50%) and enamel-dentin-pulp fractures (14.0%). After initial examination and diagnosis, 4.2% patients refused treatment. The epidemiological statistics of TDI in Xi'an, China show consistency with other studies from around the world, but they also vary in diagnosis proportion and the choice of treatments. This information may further instruct treatment, prevention and emergency resources distribution to target the high-risk groups.

A systematic review of epidemiological patterns and proposed interventions to address pediatric burns in Nigeria.

Unintentional injuries from burns comprise a significant proportion of public health morbidity in Nigeria. In order to understand the type and impact of burns on youth in Low-and-Middle-Income countries, the epidemiology of burns must be adequately assessed. This review describes the epidemiological patterns of burn occurrences in the pediatric populations and proposes interventions using the Haddon Matrix to address injuries in specific populations in Nigeria. A literature search was conducted using the Proquest, CINAHL, and PubMed databases at the Johns Hopkins University library (January 1, 1990 to August 14, 2018), on burns or thermal injury among pediatric populations in Nigeria. The review focused on the forms of injury, risk factors and potential interventions. Ten studies were identified and the main risk factors for burns were socioeconomic status, overcrowding, and involving young girls in traditional cooking roles. The main types of injuries include scald injuries (50%) and fire burns (45%) affecting mainly children aged 14 and below with significant regional epidemiological variations. We created a novel intervention to develop countermeasures and reduce the number of pediatric burns based on biological, physical and sociocultural environment.. Interventions such as improved supervision of children, improved emergency infrastructure and culturally sensitive first aid education and treatment can help ensure a reduction in morbidity and mortality resulting from burns. Epidemiological studies can provide an accurate depiction of the burden of burn injuries in different regions of Nigeria.

Likelihood of hip arthroplasty within 15 years is tripled after sports-related hip or thigh injury

Purpose: Sports-related knee joint injury is strongly associated with subsequent knee arthroplasty surgery; however, the link between sports injury and hip arthroplasty is less clear. Systematic reviews of hip osteoarthritis outcomes have focused on elite-level sport and may not be generalisable to the broader community where recreational or amateur sport participation is more common. To better understand the downstream consequences of sports injury, a population-based approach is required. This study aimed to quantify the likelihood of hip arthroplasty at a population level up to 15 years after sports injury. Methods: A population-level cohort was established for the state of Victoria, Australia (population size 6.4 million) through linkage of two key administrative datasets: the Victorian Admitted Episodes dataset (capturing all hospital admissions) and the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset (capturing all emergency department (ED) presentations). Sports injury presentations from 2000-2005 and hip arthroplasty admissions from 2000-2015 were identified using ICD-10-AM codes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the likelihood of hip arthroplasty using time to surgery data, with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Over the 15-year study period there were 64,750 sports injuries (including 815 hip or thigh injuries) resulting in ED presentation or hospitalisation, and 368 hip arthroplasty procedures. Having a hip or thigh injury tripled the rate of subsequent hip arthroplasty (hazard ratio 3.07, 95%CI 2.00 to 4.72), compared to all other sports-related injuries. Of the main injury types, femoral fractures (hazard ratio 3.08, 95%CI 1.77 to 5.36) and hip dislocations (hazard ratio 5.64, 95%CI 2.34 to 13.58) were significantly associated with hip arthroplasty. For those with a hip or thigh injury, the median time from sports injury to hip arthroplasty was 5.3 years (range 0.3 to 14.0 years). Conclusions: Sports-related hip or thigh injury is associated with a significantly higher likelihood of hip arthroplasty within 15 years. Effective injury prevention programs and appropriate post-injury management are needed to curtail this burden. For people who sustained a sports-related hip or thigh injury and progressed to arthroplasty, the duration from injury to surgery was relatively short. This could reflect pre-existing hip osteoarthritis that was exacerbated by injury. Continued surveillance of population-level hip arthroplasty data will assist with evaluating the impacts of sports injury prevention initiatives over time.

Safety Related Challenges when Designing Sustainable Cities

The transition towards sustainable city planning is challenging from many perspectives, e.g. the speed of development towards fossil free fuels and updating of regulations for controlling risk in the transport infrastructure do not manage to keep an even pace. This applies both at the detailed level regarding technical design requirements and on a more comprehensive performance level of safety objectives that can be verified to confirm compliance with society's safety objectives. This paper presents challenges, experiences and results in connection with the analysis of the risks associated with an underground bus terminal operated with gas-powered buses. A risk analysis approach used in an ongoing project in the final stage of the planning process, which makes it possible to discuss experiences and difficulties based on work in practice. Two main types of injury are studied; fire and explosion, where people can be exposed to both high temperatures, toxic smoke, radiation, pressure waves and impact by flying debris. Fire, may occur with ignition of combustible gas mixture (in air). It can be noted that an underground bus terminal operated by gas-powered buses constitutes a complex facility from a risk perspective and that the risk level without special consideration for additional safety measures is expected to be high. Therefore, a safety concept is required that is balanced between different types of measures, such as supervision, control and safety enhancing installations as well as inherent passive protection.

Occurrence of injuries among left-behind children from 27 poor rural areas in 12 provinces of China, 2016

Objective: To understand the injuries among 16 459 left-behind children from 27 poor rural areas in 12 provinces of China, 2016. Methods: Data were collected from the survey of 'Health Service Needs Assessment' (HSNA) program on left-behind children, from poor rural areas in the middle and western parts of China. Factors including causes, types, locations, related activities, ways of treatment and outcomes among left-behind children with injuries in 2016, were described and analyzed by gender and age groups. Results: In 2016, per-person and person-time incidence rates of injuries were 8.88% and 11.21%, among the 16 459 left-behind children from 27 poor rural areas in 12 provinces of China, both higher in boys, than in girls. Most injuries were unintentional with its proportion higher in older children. The main types of injuries were seen as falls, blunt and sharp injuries, with burns and animal injuries more common in younger children. Injuries among left-behind children mainly took place at home, kindergarten/school, and on the highways/streets/roads, during playing. Most common ways of treatment would include at the emergency settings, self-treated, with older children more likely to treat by themselves. Most injuries were cured. Conclusions: In programs on prevention and control of injuries targeting the left-behind children in poor rural areas, special attention should be given to older boys, on falls and blunt/sharp injuries, at home or kindergarten/school. Education programs should pinpoint on self-rescue skills and guidance on kids by the parents, with behavioral norms and social support included. Related comprehensive prevention and control mechanism should be developed in families, schools and communities, with medical resources and insurance mechanism explored to serve these population and districts, including those left-behind children.

Social inequalities in unintentional childhood injury incidence suggest subgroup identification and differentiation in the municipal planning of preventive efforts.

Aims: This registry-based study examined differences according to socio-economic factors in the incidence of unintentional childhood injuries involving main injury types. Methods: All children aged 0-15 years living in the municipality of Odense were followed from January 1 2006 to December 31 2010 (n=176,585). Injury outcome (n=27,745) was defined as visits to the local emergency department. Cohort data were transferred to Statistics Denmark and linked with socio-economic registry data based on unique personal identification numbers. Results: Children aged 10-15 years were at the highest risk for any injury (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.14), traffic injury (IRR=5.89) and sports injury (IRR=49.58) compared to children aged 0-4 years. Girls were at lower risk for any injury (IRR=0.85) and higher risk for sports injury (IRR=1.11) and home injuries (IRR=1.12) compared to boys. Children of parents with the lowest household income were at the highest risk for any injury (IRR=1.19) and traffic injury (IRR=2.16) compared to children of parents with the highest group. Children of parents with primary education were at the highest risk of any injury (IRR=1.22) and the lowest risk of traffic injury (IRR=0.80) and sports injury (IRR=0.75) compared to children of parents with tertiary education. Immigrants and descendants were at lower risk for any injury (IRR=0.75 and 0.79, respectively) and sports injury (IRR=0.81 and 0.68, respectively) compared to Danish children. Conclusions: Injury risk varied with socio-economic factors in a Danish municipal setting. The effect varied between specific injury types. Social and ethnic background is important in establishing targeted preventive efforts, but some aspects of selection bias may occur.

Retrospective Analysis of Injuries and Hospitalizations of Patients Following the 2009 Earthquake of L'Aquila City.

The aim of this study was to investigate the injury patterns and the hospitalizations of patients who were admitted to hospital following the 2009 earthquake in the city of L’Aquila, Central Italy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the patterns of earthquake-related injuries in Italy. We reviewed the hospital discharge data of 171 patients admitted to hospital within the following 96 h from the mainshock. This is an observational and descriptive study: We controlled for variables such as patient demographics, primary and secondary ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases) diagnosis codes in order to identify the multiple injured patients, main type of injury that resulted in the hospital admission, discharge disposition, and average length of stay (LOS). Seventy-three percent of the 171 patients were admitted to hospital on the first day. Multiple injuries accounted for 52% of all trauma admissions, with a female to male ratio of 63% versus 37%. The most common type of injuries involved bone fractures (46.8%), while lower extremities were the most frequently affected sites (38.75%). The average LOS was 12.11 days. This study allows the evaluation of the impact of earthquake-related injuries in relation both to the health needs of the victims and to the use of the health care resources and assistance.

Home and leisure injuries in mainland France based on the health care and insurance survey, 2012

Introduction Home and leisure injuries (HLI) are defined as unintentional injuries excluding road traffic accidents and occupational injuries. HLI are a major public health issue. Each year in France, they lead to more than 21,000 deaths and several hundred thousand hospitalizations. HLI's data from the Health, Health Care and Insurance Survey (ESPS) were analyzed in a dual objective: –measuring the incidence rates of injured persons in mainland France in 2012; –identifying factors associated with HLI. Methods Data concerning the ESPS Survey was collected in a randomized representative sample of the general population in mainland France in 2012. Data was first collected by face to face or phone interviews, and secondly by self-administered questionnaires among beneficiaries of the healthcare insurance system and the members of their household. Statistical analyses were conducted on a sample of 16,410 respondents to the self-administered questionnaires, where a module on HLI was included. Results Incidence rates of injured persons in mainland France in 2012 were estimated: 4.8% of the respondents were victim of HLI in the past three months whatever the age. Age distribution shows that 20.9% of HLI's victims were younger than 15 and 20.7% were older than 65. HLI were mainly domestic injuries (50.7% of HLI's victims) and sport or leisure related injuries (26.5%). The main type of injury recorded was sprains and dislocations (30.5%), lower limbs were most often affected (38.8%) and about half of victims has needed hospital care (emergency or hospitalization) (48.9%). A large majority of HLI's victims (81.9%) reported a limitation in the 48 hours following injury. Several factors were associated with HLI among people aged 15 and older: to enjoy taking risks, to be young, to have an upper than secondary education level, and to have a poor health. Conclusions According to our results, incidence of HLI remained stable between 2004 and 2012. The factors associated with the occurrence of HLI are often similar to those established in the literature. Moreover, multivariate analyses also contributed to identify some associations seldom found in the literature on HLI. Generally, risk-taking would increase the likelihood of having an HLI, particularly a sport or leisure accident; to practice sport on a regular basis would be associated with an increased risk of sport and leisure accident. These results have to be confirmed and detailed to improve primary prevention.

Die AOSpine-Klassifikation thorakolumbaler Wirbelsäulenverletzungen

Optimal treatment of injuries to the thoracolumbar spine is based on a detailed analysis of instability, as indicated by injury morphology and neurological status, together with significant modifying factors. A classification system helps to structure this analysis and should also provide guidance for treatment. Existing classification systems, such as the Magerl classification, are complex and do not include the neurological status, while the TLICS system has been accused of over-simplifying the influence of fracture morphology and instability. The AOSpine classification group has developed a new classification system, based mainly upon the Magerl and TLICS classifications, and with the aim of overcoming these drawbacks. This differentiates three main types of injury: Type A lesions are compression lesions to the anterior column; Type B lesions are distraction lesions of either the anterior or the posterior column; Type C lesions are translationally unstable lesions. Type A and B lesions are split into subgroups. The neurological damage is graded in 5 steps, ranging from a transient neurological deficit to complete spinal cord injury. Additional modifiers describe disorders which affect treatment strategy, such as osteoporosis or ankylosing diseases. Evaluations of intra- and inter-observer reliability have been very promising and encourage the introduction of this AOSpine classification of thoracolumbar injuries to the German speaking community.

Characteristics and prevalence of musculoskeletal injury in professional and non-professional ballet dancers.

BACKGROUND: Ballet is a high-performance activity that requires an advanced level of technical skills. Ballet places great stress on tendons, muscles, bones, and joints and may act directly as a trigger of injury by overuse. OBJECTIVES: 1) to describe the main types of injuries and affected areas related to classical ballet and 2) to compare the frequency of musculoskeletal injuries among professional and non-professional ballet dancers, considering possible gender differences among the professional dancers. METHOD: A total of 110 questionnaires were answered by professional and non-professional dancers. The questionnaire contained items related to the presence of injury, the regions involved, and the mechanism of the injury. RESULTS: We observed a high frequency of musculoskeletal injuries, with ankle sprains accounting for 69.8% of injuries in professional dancers and 42.1% in non-professional dancers. Pirouettes were the most frequent mechanism of injury in professional dancers, accounting for 67.9% of injuries, whereas in the non-professional dancers, repetitive movement was the most common mechanism (28.1%). Ankle sprains occurred in 90% of the women's injuries, and muscle sprains occurred in 54.5% of the men's injuries. The most frequent injury location was the ankle joint in both sexes among the professional dancers, with 67.6% in women and 40.9% in men. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of the mechanism of injury and time of practice may contribute to better therapeutic action aimed at the proper function of the dancers' bodies and improved performance by these athletes.

Analysis of the crew injury mechanogenesis at armored combat vehicles blast on mine-explosive devices

The article present mechanogenesis and pathophysiology of injury crew of armored combat vehicles at undermining at mine-explosive devices. The study distinguish the main types of injury to the human body when exposed to explosive loads a design armored combat vehicles and can output data to formulate requirements and identify complex system of passive antimine protection and development of common criteria injury to the human body at undermining the sample in order to increase its stability Mine . Also in the article the basic criteria for partial resistance of the human body to extreme stress.

Occupational injuries of teachers and educational staff at special schools with multiple and severely handicapped children in Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany): results of a cross-sectional study.

The present study aimed to describe the prevalence, type, and influencing factors of occupational injuries of staff working at special schools with multiple and severely handicapped pupils in Southwestern Germany. This cross-sectional study was carried out between August 2010 and August 2012 at 13 special schools with focus on motoric and/or holistic development of handicapped pupils in Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany). Participants were interviewed using a written questionnaire. There were 395 participants (response proportion: 59.7%) in our study, with 390 being eligible for statistical analysis. Respondents were on average 45 years old and mainly female (86.9%). The 12-month injury prevalence was 16.9%. Joint dislocations, sprains, and torn ligaments (41.6%) were the main types of injuries. Pupils (59.8%) and auxiliary equipment (12.2%) were identified as the main causes of injury by the respondents. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that washing pupils (using auxiliary equipment) (aOR, 3.93; 95% CI, 1.66-9.31) and daily physical strain due to unexpected conduct of pupils (aOR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.20-11.37) were the main influencing factors for an occupational injury. Almost one in five persons suffered an occupational injury in the previous 12 months. Nursing activities, including close contact with pupils, were identified as the most important factors for an injury. In order to prevent injuries at special schools, a multifaceted approach is necessary. This includes sufficient supply of auxiliary devices including proper technical maintenance. Furthermore, regular participation in training for manual handling of heavy loads and schooling on the technical use of auxiliary devices should be encouraged.

Analysis on data from Chinese National Injury Surveillance System, 2008-2013 on the characteristics of falls

To analyze the trend and distribution of Falls, using the data from National Injury Surveillance System (NISS), 2008-2013, to provide basic information for Fall prevention. Data of Falls was descriptively analyzed from the Chinese NISS from 2008 to 2013. In total, 1 223 905 cases of Falls were analyzed, that accounted for 32.94% of all the injury cases, with the gender ratio as 1.57. Both the number and the proportion of the cases showed an increasing trend. Labor population (15-64 years-old) accounted for 66.63% of the total 271 502 cases of Falls in 2013. Cases aged 0-4, 5-14 and over 65 accounted for 55.53%, 52.93% and 56.59% among all the types of injuries in each of their age group. Gender ratio appeared to be 1.54 but more females cases were seen with the increase of age. The peak hours that injuries took place were 10:00-10:59 AM (10.04% of total) and 14:00-20:59 PM (43.56% of total). The top three places that injuries took place were home (33.03%), public residents (22.79%) and on the roads (15.49%). Recreation activates (65.38%), paid jobs (13.01%) and housework (7.52%) were the three major ways causing the Falls to take place. The most common parts of body that injuries involved were head (30.41%), low limbs (27.43%) and upper limbs (21.93%), with bruise (54.60%), sprain/strain (16.87%), fractures (15.48%) most commonly seen. 77.76% of the cases were minor but the proportion of moderate and serious injuries increased along with the increase of age. Fall was the main type of injury in this country, showing an increasing trend of proportion among all the types of injuries. Though labor-related Falls accounted for the biggest proportion, prevention programs targeting the elderly and children should also be prioritized.

Enucleation and evisceration: indications, complications and clinicopathological correlations.

To assess main indications, postoperative complications and clinicopathological correlation of ocular enucleation-evisceration. A total of 107 subjects who underwent enucleation and/or evisceration and received hydroxyapatite implants (Scleral wrap or mesh) were assessed. For each patient clinicopathological data was collected which included demographic information, clinical history, primary clinical diagnosis, main cause of ophthalmic surgery (traumatic, non-traumatic), type of surgical procedure (enucleation, evisceration) and pathological report. Patients' postoperative clinical visits were checked for procedure-related complications during first year after surgery. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVEN PATIENTS (MALE: 65.4%; mean age: 26y) underwent enucleation (n=100) or evisceration (n=7) due to traumatic (n=41) and non-traumatic (n=66) causes. Disfiguring painful blind eye was the most common indication of surgery (66.4%), followed by leukocoria (19.6%) and endophthalmitis (4.7%). The main types of injury included firecracker, traffic and work accidents, and sharp object perforating injury. In 53 (80.3%) subjects in non-traumatic group the initial clinical diagnosis matched the histopathological results. Malignant tumors (retinoblastoma: 47.5%, malignant melanoma: 27.3%) were the most common pathological diagnoses followed by phthisis bulbi (25.8%). The most common procedure-related complications were major eye discharge (39.6%), and implant exposure and discharge (20.8%). Trauma and malignant tumors are the leading causes of enucleation-evisceration. Despite developing new techniques and materials, enucleation is still associated with considerable postoperative complications.

Ocular injuries in the people's uprising of April 2006 in Kathmandu, Nepal.

In April 2006, the people of Nepal organised mass demonstrations demanding the restoration of democracy in the country. The ocular injuries that resulted during the riots that ensued, their pattern and the visual outcome of the injured have not yet been reported. To study the demographic profile, type, severity and the visual outcome of ocular injuries that occurred during the 2006 people's uprising in Nepal. This was a retrospective interventional series of cases involving 29 subjects. The main outcome measures were demography, laterality of injury, type of injury and the visual status before and after the trauma. The age of the victims ranged from 14 to 32 years. Among the victims with eye injuries, 27 (93.1 %) were males, who were unemployed youth, students and construction workers. The left eye was injured more frequently than the right. Non-lethal bullets and explosive tear gas were the commonest agents of the major ocular injuries. The main types of injuries requiring hospitalization were closed globe injuries in eight victims and open globe in six. Surgical intervention was required in 57.2 % (n = 29) of the cases. The visual outcome was poor in cases of open globe injury with posterior segment involvement. Non-lethal bullets and explosive tear gases can cause significant visual impairment. Severe open globe injury with a retained intra-ocular foreign body is associated with significant visual loss.

The epidemiology of life‐threatening work‐related injury—A demonstration paper

Workers' compensation (WC) data traditionally provides information to stakeholders on work-related disabling injuries. It is important to complement this with information on serious threat to life (TTL) injury, which is the focus of this paper. In this cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study, based on New Zealand's WC data linked to hospital discharge data, TTL was measured using the ICD10-based Injury Severity Score (ICISS); ICISS ≤ 0.941 was used to define serious TTL injury. During 2002-2004, there was an average of 368 serious TTL work-related injury cases annually. The distribution of these injuries was very different from those traditionally found using WC data to describe disabling injury. For example, for serious TTL injury the main injury types included traumatic brain injury, whereas for disabling injury it was sprains and dislocations. The method presented provides the opportunity for government agencies to produce a national description of the epidemiology of serious TTL work-related injuries.

Incidence of hospitalization due to child maltreatment in Taiwan, 1996–2007: A nationwide population-based study

ObjectivesLittle is known regarding the epidemiology of child maltreatment in Asian countries. This study aimed to examine the incidence of hospitalization coded as due to child maltreatment in Taiwan. MethodsWe used inpatient claims data of the National Health Insurance for the years 1996 through 2007 for estimation. Hospitalization of children aged 0–12 years with an ICD-9-CM code 995.5 “maltreatment syndrome” or E960–E969 “assault” in the main or secondary discharge diagnosis in claims data was defined as hospitalization due to child maltreatment. Poisson regression was used to examine the trends. ResultsA total of 1,726 children with 1,780 hospitalizations due to child maltreatment were identified during 1996–2007. The averaged annual incidence over 1996–2007 was 13.2/100,000 for infants, 3.5/100,000 for children aged 1–3 years, 2.1/100,000 for children aged 4–6 years and 3.3/100,000 for children aged 7–12 years. The incidence increased most among the infant group, from 4.8/100,000 in 1996–1997 to 25.4/100,000 in 2006–2007, a greater than 5-fold increase. The magnitude of the increase in incidence decreased with age, and no change in incidence was noted among children aged 7–12 years. The drastic increase in incidence in infants since 2003 corresponds with the introduction of use of ICD-9-CM code 995.55 “shaken infant syndrome” in Taiwan since 2003. Head injury was the main type of injury in all age groups. ConclusionsThe incidence of hospitalization coded as due to child maltreatment in Taiwan differed by age group. Infants had the highest and the largest increase in incidence during the past decade. The increase might be due to improvement in awareness, competence and willingness to diagnose child maltreatment of medical staff in hospitals during the past decade after the revision of Child Welfare Law in 1993 and the new ICD-9-CM code for “shaken infant syndrome” being used since 2003. Practice implicationsPhysicians and nursing staff should be aware of and provide the detailed and specific information needed for proper discharge diagnosis coding, from which valid estimation of the incidence of hospitalization due to child maltreatment can be made. Administrative data should include both the N-code and E-code for each case of child maltreatment hospitalization to provide more complete information.

Type, incidence and causes of injuries in elective karate national team competition for dispatch to Asian karate championship in Uzbekistan 2012

Exercise is one of necessities of human life. Today, in civilized world we can hardly find someone who is deprive of beauty and excitement of sport. Nevertheless on one hand there are beauty and excitement for athletes, coaches and spectators and on the other hand hardships, pressures, training problems and injuries will have the most negative impact on athletes and coaches. Karate is the world’s most popular martial art and focuses on high performance, health and safety of participants, like any competitive sports [1]. Many sports injuries are reported in karate competition. According to these reports, the scientific advices are given to reduce and prevent injuries [2]. Based on Zetaruk et al. study (2005) on five martial sports, they reported the least amount of injuries in Taekwondo is three times more than karate [3]. But in another study by the McPherson and Picket (2010) as a descriptive epidemiological study was conducted in martial arts, most martial arts injuries in karate and at the lowest damage were as tai chi [4]. On the study that Pappas (2007) conducted on three important sports and gamesboxing, wrestling, and the martial arts – injuries in the martial arts were less than the two other sports [5]. In their study with the title of „Injury profile in competitive karate” and by analyzing three successive world matches, Arriaza and Leyes (2005) reported punch blows (82.7%) as the main cause of injuries, head and face as the injured areas (72.5%), and contusion as the main type of injury (50.3%) [6]. Also, the 6-year study of Macan et al. (2006) demonstrated that new judgment rules have caused reduction of injuries in karate matches. They asserted that strict judging and heavy penalties for uncontrolled blows, particularly for the youngest competitions, can significantly decrease the risk of injury [7]. Arriaza et al. (2009) in their study showed that applying the new competitive rules karate, with dramatic declines in injury rates has been accompanied by a karate competition for athletes, is safer [8]. So the present study was aimed to examine common injuries in karate tournaments.

Work-related injuries in textile industry workers in Turkey

This study was conducted as a survey including work-related injuries (WRI) of workers in the textile and clothing industry admitted to the emergency department (ED).This prospective study included patients with WRI reportedly occurring in the textile and clothing industry over a two-year period. The study sample comprised only the casualties occurring at the workplace and while working de facto.A total of 374 patients were eligible for the study. More than three-fourths of the study sample were females (76.2%, n=285). A significant proportion of the patients were between 14 and 24 years of age (44.7%, n=167). Approximately two-thirds reported that this was their first admission to a hospital related to WRI (65.8%, n=246). WRIs occurred most frequently between 07:00-09:00 (27.3%) and 23:00-01:00 (17.9%). "Carelessness" and "rushing" were the most commonly reported causes of WRIs from the patients perspective (40.6% and 21.4%, respectively). Three-fourths of the patients reported that they were using protective equipment (74.3%, n=278). With respect to injury types, laceration/puncture/ amputation/avulsion injuries accounted for 55.6% (n=208) of the sample. Trauma to the upper extremities was the main type of injury in 75.1% (n=281) of the cases.Broad population-based studies are needed to define the situation as a whole in WRIs in the textile and clothing industry in the country. Strict measures should be undertaken and revised accordingly to prevent WRIs in these growing sectors.

Work-related injuries in textile industry workers in Turkey.

This study was conducted as a survey including work-related injuries (WRI) of workers in the textile and clothing industry admitted to the emergency department (ED). This prospective study included patients with WRI reportedly occurring in the textile and clothing industry over a two-year period. The study sample comprised only the casualties occurring at the workplace and while working de facto. A total of 374 patients were eligible for the study. More than three-fourths of the study sample were females (76.2%, n=285). A significant proportion of the patients were between 14 and 24 years of age (44.7%, n=167). Approximately two-thirds reported that this was their first admission to a hospital related to WRI (65.8%, n=246). WRIs occurred most frequently between 07:00-09:00 (27.3%) and 23:00-01:00 (17.9%). "Carelessness" and "rushing" were the most commonly reported causes of WRIs from the patients perspective (40.6% and 21.4%, respectively). Three-fourths of the patients reported that they were using protective equipment (74.3%, n=278). With respect to injury types, laceration/puncture/ amputation/avulsion injuries accounted for 55.6% (n=208) of the sample. Trauma to the upper extremities was the main type of injury in 75.1% (n=281) of the cases. Broad population-based studies are needed to define the situation as a whole in WRIs in the textile and clothing industry in the country. Strict measures should be undertaken and revised accordingly to prevent WRIs in these growing sectors.