Main Treatments Research Articles

Background: The presence of ectopic endometrial glands within the uterine myometrium in patients with adenomyosis has been associated with adverse fertility outcomes. UP (Uterine Peristalsis), a movement of contractions at the junctional zone of the non-pregnant uterus, can be impacted by an altered architecture of uterine layers. Abnormal contractility patterns could impact both uterotubal sperm transport as well as embryo implantation. Because of this potential influence on clinical symptoms and reproduction in patients with adenomyosis, studies have been analyzing the feasibility of diagnostic techniques in assessing uterine peristalsis. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to detect an alteration in patterns of UP in patients with adenomyosis. Methods: A systematic literature search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane, CENTRAL databases and Google Scholar was conducted up to June 2025, including studies evaluating UP and adenomyosis. Clinical studies evaluating uterine contractility were included, excluding those potentially affected by therapeutic interventions. The meta-analysis pooled data from studies to compare uterine contractility direction between patients with adenomyosis and control groups. Results: In seven included studies (442 women), uterine contractility varied significantly in association with menstrual cycle phases and pathological conditions. The meta-analysis revealed two statistically significant findings: women with adenomyosis showed significantly reduced uterine contraction frequency (SMD −1.81, 95% CI: −3.04 to −0.58, p = 0.0039) and fewer antegrade contractions (OR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13–0.96, p = 0.0423) compared to controls. Other contractility patterns showed non-significant trends with substantial heterogeneity. Conclusions: Our findings show a significant difference in uterine contraction patterns in patients with adenomyosis compared to controls, namely a decrease in frequency and an increased number of retrograde uterine contractions in the adenomyosis group. The remarkable heterogeneity of the results highlighted the need for larger study cohorts in the future, especially to address the main diagnostic possibilities and treatments in order to improve reproductive outcomes.

Aims: To study the influence of weather parameters on rust (Puccinia arachidis) incidence in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties under different sowing environments and to develop forewarning models. Study Design: A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replications at a site with medium-deep, well-drained soil suitable for groundnut cultivation. Main plot treatments included four groundnut varieties (JL-501, RHRG-6083 (Phule Unnati), TAG-24, and JL-776 (Phule Bharati)), while sub-plot treatments consisted of four sowing windows (25th to 28th meteorological weeks). Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agricultural Meteorology Farm, College of Agriculture, Pune, MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra, India, during kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018. Methodology: Daily weather parameters (temperature, rainfall, rainy days, humidity, evaporation, sunshine hours, and wind speed) were recorded to assess their impact on crop growth and rust incidence. Rust (Puccinia arachidis) incidence was recorded at 7-day intervals starting 30 days after sowing. Percentage disease incidence (PDI) was calculated. Disease intensity (%) was assessed using a 1–9 scale. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were applied to study the relationship between weather parameters and rust incidence. Weather parameters including maximum and minimum temperature, morning and afternoon humidity, and bright sunshine hours were used to develop multiple linear regression models for prediction of percent disease intensity of rust in different varieties across sowing windows. Results: Correlation analysis between PDI of rust incidence and weather parameters revealed that, maximum temperature, morning relative humidity, rainfall, and bright sunshine hours were positively correlated with rust development, whereas afternoon relative humidity and wind speed consistently showed negative correlations. Minimum temperature suppressed disease intensity. Forewarning models developed for each variety and sowing window explained a high degree of variability (R² = 0.84–0.97). Maximum temperature emerged as the most consistent positive predictor of rust, while minimum temperature strongly suppressed disease. Morning humidity sometimes enhanced rust development, though its effect was weaker, while afternoon humidity generally reduced incidence. Bright sunshine hours consistently played a suppressive role across all models. These models demonstrated strong predictive ability and can serve as reliable tools for disease forecasting. Conclusion: From a practical perspective, adopting later sowing windows during 27th to 28th MW along with cultivation of moderate resistant varieties such as RHRG-6083 and JL-776 could significantly reduce the severity of rust disease in groundnut under field conditions. Among the tested varieties, TAG-24 was highly susceptible; JL-501 was susceptible to rust, whereas RHRG-6083 and JL-776 showed moderate resistant to rust with lower disease intensity.

C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is an ultra-rare, complex, under-recognized kidney disease with a challenging diagnosis and no approved treatment. Nephrologists were surveyed to understand the treatment and management of C3G. This study presents the diagnostic challenges and treatment patterns of Japanese patients with C3G. Data from the Adelphi C3G Disease Specific Programme™, a multinational survey of nephrologists treating patients with C3G in 8 countries including Japan, were retrospectively analyzed. Nephrologists completed patient-record forms on patient demographics, diagnosis, clinical characteristics, and treatment approaches. Sixteen nephrologists from Japan responded to the survey for 36 patients with C3G. Mean age at diagnosis and at the time of the survey was 45.4 and 48.6years, respectively. Common symptoms at diagnosis were proteinuria (100%) and hematuria (83%); 79% of patients had proteinuria of ≥1g/day, and 3% had an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <30mL/min/1.73m2. Median time from initial examination by general practitioner to definitive diagnosis was 8.4weeks; ~20% and 10% of patients had to wait for >4 and >8months, respectively, to get a confirmed C3G diagnosis; and 69% of patients had an additional biopsy. Angiotensin receptor blockers (68%), corticosteroids (64%), and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (25%) were the main treatments utilized. Physicians perceived 19% of patients to have a gradually deteriorating disease condition. This survey analysis explored the current status in diagnosis and management of patients with C3G in Japan. The lack of specific treatments emphasizes the need for novel targeted therapies addressing the root cause of C3G.

ATB0,+-targeted nanoparticles trigger STAT3-ferroptosis regulatory axis for enhanced gastric cancer therapy.

A two year (2024 and 2025) trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research farm of the Federal College of Education Obudu, (Bebi Campus) Cross River State. The main objective was to compare the efficacies of four (4) selected herbicides in controlling noxious/herbicide resistant weeds in cassava varieties. The design of the experiment was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) on a four by four (4 x 4) factorial layout. The main plot treatments were the cassava varieties; TMS. 60444, TMS. 30555, TMS. 30572 and TMS. 60506. The subplot treatments were the herbicide types; Paraquat, Glyphosate, Atrazine, and Ametryn, all applied at 3.0 kg/ha. Application was done two weeks after planting of the cassava varieties. Data for percentage establishment of cassava were taken at four (4) weeks after planting (4WAP). Herbicide toxicity (injury) on the cassava and the weed control efficiency were recorded six (6) weeks after planting (6WAP). Tuber yield in tons per hectare (t/ha) were recorded at six (6) months after planting (6MAP) all data generated were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5 % level of probability. Results showed that herbicide toxicity rating on the cassava was higher in Atrazine&gt; Glyphosate&gt; Paraquat&gt; Ametryn. Weed control efficiency rating of herbicides was Paraquat (97.40 %)&gt; Glyphosate (85.87 %)&gt; Ametryn (83.83 %)&gt; Atrazine (62.07 %). The highest yields in t/ha were recorded in TMS. 30572 (4.30 t/ha) in application of Paraquat and (3.88 t/ha) in application of Glyphosate. Glyphosate and Ametryn gave significantly higher yields in almost all the varieties. Therefore it was recommended that Paraquat applied at 3.0 kg ai/ha should be the correct approach to dealing with noxious/herbicide resistant weeds. Two varieties of cassava TMS. 30572 and TMS. 30555 were also recommended to farmers.

Background: India’s agriculture scenario currently faces several interconnected issues that affect long-term sustainability, agricultural productivity and resource efficiency. Many of these problems can be solved practically by focusing on planting strategies (e.g., bed planting vs. flat sowing) in conjunction with nitrogen level management. An experiment was performed at the agricultural research farm of Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India to investigate the influence of planting pattern and nitrogen requirement on growth and yield of wheat during the rabi season of 2023-2024. Methods: The investigation was laid out in a split-split plot design with three replications with the objective to study the role of methods of planting patterns and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of wheat. The main treatments comprised of three planting patterns, viz. M1-Flat sowing (22.5 row to row planting), M2- Bed sowing with two rows per bed of 67.5 cm each (37.5cm bed top + 30 cm furrow), M3- Bed sowing with three rows per bed of 90 cm (60 cm flat top + 30 cm furrow), sub-plot treatments comprised of three nitrogen levels viz. N1- 0 kg N/ha, N2 -50 % of RDN and N3 -100% of recommended dose of fertilizers i.e. 125:60:40 kg/ha and sub-sub plot treatments included foliar application of nitrogen viz. F1- 2% foliar nitrogen application at crown root initiation stage, F2- 2% foliar nitrogen application at tillering stage, F3- 2% foliar nitrogen application at boot stage. Result: The results of the investigation revealed that among the main plot treatments, bed sowing with three rows per bed of 90 cm (60 cm flat top + 30 cm furrow) recorded higher grain yield (5.09 t/ha) than other treatments whereas as Bed sowing with two rows per bed of 67.5 cm each (37.5 cm bed top + 30 cm furrow) yielded equivalent results from a statistical standpoint (5 t/ha). Among sub-plots, the application of N3 -100% of Recommended dose of nitrogen has obtained significantly higher grain yield (6.4 t/ha) when compared to other treatments. Among sub-sub plots 2% foliar nitrogen application at boot stage showed higher grain yield (5.2 t/ha) when compared to other treatments whereas 2% foliar nitrogen application at tillering stage where statistically on par (5.1 t/ha) with 2% foliar nitrogen application at boot stage.

With psychology moving towards an integrated biological-psychological-social model, music therapy has become an important new direction in treating post-traumatic stress disorder because it can adjust neuroplasticity and work across different cultures. Based on related experiments and clinical studies from the past five years, this paper assesses whether music therapy is possible and effective for post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as its limits. It looks into three areas including neural mechanisms, suitability for different groups and technology integration. This study focused on three parts: the neurophysiological mechanism that music therapy affects post-traumatic stress disorders main symptoms, music therapys differential effect for people of different ages, cultures, and with different traumas, and the way of handling ethical issues from mixing technologies. This study found out that music therapy provides a special and non-verbal way to rebuild the connection of damaged nerves, as well as regain the ability of self-regulate. The factors that plasticity and the functional organization of the brain from different ages, and the understanding, expression of music from different cultures influence the effect of music therapy. The final integrated findings reveals that music therapy needs to change from a general treatment to a precise music medicine model. It is very useful as a helper to main treatments but has limits when used alone and its future development will depend on closer work between neuroscience, cultural anthropology, and artificial intelligence.

This study was aimed to assessment of using nano Syrian zeolitic tuff (NSZT) as carrier to produce slow release phosphate fertilizer was executed. phosphate salt was loaded to modified nano-zeolite by HDTMA-Br (hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) surfactant application. Two main treatments (SMZ1, SMZ2), making approximately monolayer (83%) and bilayer (190%) real coverage of external cationic exchange capacity respectively. Phosphate was loaded on SMZ to prepare slow release fertilizer (SRF1, SRF2) respectively. Surface characteristics were conducted by using XRD and SEM techniques. Adsorption/ release experiments and incubation column were studied. Results showed that Langmuir isotherm was better to give good estimation of phosphorus sorption about nature of homogeneity. Phosphate release time into water solution from SRFs increased as surface modification ratio increased. Elovich model was good tool to predict the phosphate release ratio coefficient which was independent of HDTMA-Br modification coverage ratio. After 40 days of incubation experiment in columns, soil effect dropped up the leached phosphate in the flux less than 10% of the initial P loading concentration. Incubation column experiment confirms expectations about the anion exchange mechanism between phosphate and bilayer on NSZT.

Osteoporosis is a chronic, progressive illness characterized by low bone mass and strength of the bone, resulting in increased risk of bone fracture. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is one of the main treatments for male osteoporosis. However, TRT causes side effects, mainly prostate cancer and liver dysfunction. So, an alternative agent is required. This study was conducted to determine the effects of Eurycoma Longifolia (EL) on serum testosterone in orchidectomized rats, the androgen-deficient osteoporosis model. Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, with 8 rats in each group, which followed different treatments for 6 weeks, namely the sham-operated group, orchidectomized-control group, orchidectomized group and treated with EL (15 mg/kg), and orchidectomized group and treated with testosterone (8 mg/kg). Body weights of rats were taken weekly, and blood samples were taken before and after treatment to measure serum testosterone using the Testosterone ELISA technique. The result showed that EL and testosterone therapy have led to an increase in rat body weights. The levels of testosterone in the serum were considerably higher (p &lt; 0.05) for the orchidectomized group treated with testosterone compared to the orchidectomized control and sham group. The orchidectomized group treated with EL also showed a significant increase in serum testosterone (p &lt; 0.05) compared to the same group before treatment, but there was no significant difference between the other groups. In conclusion, EL treatment was successful in raising the level of serum testosterone in orchidectomized rats

Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) is an excellent source of calcium, iron, dietary fibre, and methionine, an essential amino acid typically deficient in rice and wheat. In addition to its grain, finger millet produces a nutrient-dense straw that serves as both valuable livestock fodder and a potential source of soil organic carbon. The present study was designed and conducted to assess the impact of finger millet residue management with ANGRAU decomposer on the yield, profitability and nutrient uptake of subsequent legume crops under upland conditions. A field experiment was conducted during rabi, 2024-25 at the Agricultural Research Station, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India, to assess the impact of finger millet residue management practices on subsequent legume crops. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments include finger millet residue incorporation (M1), finger millet residue incorporation + ANGRAU decomposer (M2) and no residue incorporation (M3); the subplot treatments include the legume crops viz., sunhemp, horsegram, groundnut, blackgram and greengram. The data were statistically analysed using ANOVA. Treatment means were compared using the F-test at a 5% significance level, and critical differences were calculated wherever significant. The experimental results revealed that finger millet residue incorporation + ANGRAU decomposer (M2) resulted in significantly higher finger millet equivalent yield (FMEY)(2075 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs.151,286.00 ha-1), BCR (2.13), plant nutrient uptake and soil available nutrients (N2-243.2 kg ha-1, P2O5- 32.9 kg ha-1, K2O-330.8 kg ha-1). Among the legume crops, the groundnut crop resulted in higher FMEY (3333 kg ha-1), Net returns (Rs.91844 ha-1), BCR (2.57) and kernel nutrient uptake as compared to other legume crops. Among different treatment combinations, groundnut in combination with finger millet residue incorporation coupled with ANGRAU decomposer, resulted in significantly higher finger millet equivalent yield (3646 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs.1,03,819.00 ha-1), plant nutrient uptake and soil available nutrients; however, it remained on par with groundnut with finger millet residue incorporation. With the adoption of finger millet residue management along with ANGRAU decomposer, the finger millet-groundnut cropping system will become a viable cropping system for upland ecosystems.

Abstract Background and Aims Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are one of the main treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Among their adverse effects, urinary tract infections (UTI) are notable. Patients with solid organ tumors (SOT) are at higher risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), CKD, and infections due to the tumor microenvironment and the treatments they receive. No previous studies have evaluated the safety and tolerability of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with CKD and SOT. Our aim is to analyze the safety and tolerability of SGLT2 inhibitors in a cohort of patients with CKD and SOT. Method A retrospective observational study of patients with a history of solid SOT who started SGLT2 inhibitors in the Onco-nephrology clinic, either for CKD or T2DM, with a follow-up of 11 months. Variables were collected to analyze the baseline characteristics of the population and CKD, tumor type, oncological treatment, type of SGLT2 inhibitor, and complications. Results 75 patients; 57 (76%) men. Mean age: 60 years (50–70). Comorbidities: 52 (70%) hypertensive,31 (41%) with T2DM.30 (40%) with previous diabetic treatment (oral antidiabetic or insulin), not SGLT2 inhibitors,41 (55%) patients were receiving treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers (RAAS blockers).10 patients (13%) had two synchronous tumors. Analytical parameters: Baseline creatinine: 1.5 mg/dl (1.2–1.8),Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): 46 ml/min/1.73 m² (32–60),Baseline HbA1c: 6.3%,Protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR): 328 mg/g,Albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR): 217 mg/g. Most Common Tumors Renal Cell Carcinoma: 19 cases (25.3%)Lung: 13 cases (17.3%)Urothelial: 11 cases (14.7%)Colorectal: 8 cases (11%)Breast: 6 cases (8%)Ovary: 6 cases (8%)Oropharyngeal: 5 cases (6.7%)Skin: 4 cases (5.3%)Prostate: 3 cases (4%)Liver: 2 cases (2.7%)Other: 4 cases (5.3%) The etiology of CKD is presented in graphs 1 and 2. Oncological treatment: 26 patients (31.3%) were on active oncological treatment. 37 patients (49.3%) had previously presented with acute kidney injury (AKI). SGLT2 inhibitors initiated: Dapagliflozin: 64%,Empagliflozin: 32%,Canagliflozin: 4%. 12 patients (16%) developed adverse effects after starting SGLT2 inhibitors: 58.3% digestive intolerance,33.3% UTI,3.5% bone fractures. Of the 31 genitourinary tumors, only 2 patients (both who had undergone total nephrectomy) had an episode of UTI. None of the 4 patients with any type of urinary diversion developed complications. At the end of the study, 94.67% continued on SGLT2 inhibitors. 14.7% had at least one episode of AKI, of which 63% had a previous history of AKI. Discontinuation of SGLT2 inhibitors: Only 4 patients (5.5%) required discontinuation of SGLT2 inhibitors7 patients (9.3%) switched to another SGLT2 inhibitor.The main reasons for discontinuation or change were:Digestive intolerance: 5 (45.5%),Recurrent UTIs: 1 (9.1%),Need for prescription approval (visado): 2 (18.2%),Other causes: 3 (27.3%). There was no statistically significant relationship between discontinuation/change and the different causes. Conclusion In our analyzed cohort of patients with CKD and solid tumors, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors was safe, with a good tolerance profile in most cases. The majority of side effects were mild, and only in a few selected cases did they lead to discontinuation or switching to another SGLT2 inhibitor.

Precise application of nutrients and water in groundnut ensures optimal plant growth, enhances yield and quality and minimizes resource wastage. It promotes sustainable farming by improving nutrient use efficiency and saving water. Field experiments were conducted at two locations. This study addresses the need for efficient water and nutrient management in groundnut by evaluating the effects of automated drip irrigation and a low-cost smart drip fertigation system on its growth, physiology, root traits and yield. Location I was a farmer's field at Kanjipatti village of Kalaiyarkoil block, Sivagangai district (rabi 2023) and Location II was the central farm, Agricultural College and Research Institute in Madurai district (summer 2024) of Tamil Nadu. Field trials were laid out in split plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments consisted of three drip irrigation mrthods, namely; conventional drip irrigation (M1), time based automated drip irrigation (M2) and sensor based automated drip irrigation (M3); where as five drip fertigation treatments, viz., fertigation of 75% Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) (F1), fertigation of 100% RDF (F2), Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) based drip fertigation (F3), sensor based fertigation at 75% NPK level (F4), and sensor based fertigation at 100% NPK level (F5) were imposed in the sub plot. Significantly higher growth (plant height), physiological parameters (Crop Growth Rate [CGR], Leaf Area Index [LAI], Relative Water Content [RWC], Dry Matter Production [DMP], leaf temperature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI] and SPAD meter value), root characteristics (number of nodules, root length, volume, and dry weight) and ultimately yield (pod and haulm yield) of groundnut were recorded under sensor-based automated drip irrigation combined with sensor-based fertigation at 100% NPK level (M3F5). Sensor-based automated drip irrigation combined with sensor-based fertigation at 100% NPK level (M3F5) recorded 43.74% and 45.25% higher pod yield compared to conventional drip irrigation with fertigation at 75% RDF in both seasons, respectively. Practicing sensor-based automated drip fertigation in groundnut not only enhanced the yield but also reduced the input requirements, saving 7%−12% of water and 15%−25% of fertilizers in groundnut production.

As a highly aggressive tumour of the digestive tract, pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate and poor treatment outcomes. The five-year survival rate for patients with pancreatic cancer is distressingly low, and the recurrence chance remains unacceptably high even with successful treatment. Surgical procedures and chemotherapy are the main treatments of pancreatic cancer, and surgical procedures are the only effective treatment at present. However, these cancer cells can easily develop resistance to chemotherapy agents, which leads to low treatment efficacy and high mortality in pancreatic cancer. Additionally, early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is challenging due to the absence of obvious symptoms, making surgical intervention unattainable in early stages. However, pancreatic cancer cells show unique changes at genetic and cellular levels, which makes them sensitive to metalrelated cell death or exhibit some characteristics related to metalrelated cell death. These changes and characteristics could be utilized for treatment and diagnosis in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, our motivation is to explain the potential of metalrelated cell death in treating this aggressive cancer. This review begins by analysing the types of metal-related cell death: ferroptosis, cuproptosis and lysozincrosis. Each form is evaluated based on its unique features and related metabolic pathways. By examining the key characteristics of metal-related cell death modalities, their primary metabolic patterns and their interactions with pancreatic cancer, our aim is to point the direction to identify potential therapies and treatments. Our review expands the possibilities for utilizing metal-related cell death and instils hope for its future potential in pancreatic cancer treatment.

Weeds are considered the biggest threat to direct seeded rice (DSR) which must be managed effectively to augment yield and economics in DSR. Hence, field experiments were conducted at Periyanarkunam, Bhuvanagiri taluk, Tamil Nadu. The studies comprised one preliminary field experiment conducted during Navarai 2021 to identify a suitable direct-seeded rice establishment method. The trial was laid in a split plot design with three main treatments (dry seeded, drum seeded and manual wet seeded rice) and nine sub treatments consisting of different weed management methods. In addition, two main field experiments during Kuruvai 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the impact of new generation herbicidal combinations on weed population, soil microbial population and yield in direct-seeded rice. These experiments followed a randomized block design with six weed management practices and four replications. The result showed that among the establishment methods drum seeded rice recorded the highest yield, which was comparable with manual wet seeded rice (M3). However, in term of economics drum seeded rice documented the highest benefit-cost ratio (2.22) compared to manual wet seeded rice (1.95). Regarding weed management practices, application of new generation herbicides at a low dose did not show any detrimental effect on soil microbial population. Among the treatments tested, bensulfuron methyl 0.6 % + pretilachlor 6 % granules at 10 kg ha-1 application on 8 DAS (days after sowing) as pre-emergence (PE) followed by metsulfuron methyl 10 % + chlorimuron ethyl 10 % at 20 g ha-1 application on 25 DAS as postemergence (PoE) and followed by hand weeding at 45 DAS, recorded the lowest weed population, the highest weed control efficiency and superior yield across all experiments. Hence, this practice is both efficient weed management and economically feasible for effective controlof weeds in direct seeded rice.

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) commonly follows ankle sprains and significantly affects walking patterns and daily activities. Two main surgical treatments exist: Broström repair and anatomic allograft reconstruction. It remains unclear which technique better restores normal ankle movement. This study compared how these 2 surgeries affect ankle function during walking. We conducted a prospective study with 30 CAI patients. Fifteen received Broström repair and 15 received anatomic allograft reconstruction. We also included 16 healthy controls. We analyzed ankle joint kinematics (range of motion in dorsi/plantar flexion and inversion/eversion), and kinetics (joint moments, power, and ground reaction force [GRF]) during the gait cycle using 3D motion capture and force plate measurements. Assessments were performed before and 8 months after surgery. Both surgical techniques altered ankle biomechanics compared with controls. However, the Broström repair group demonstrated gait patterns more similar to healthy controls in most parameters. The reconstruction group showed greater deviation from normal, with increased plantarflexion and eversion throughout the gait cycle. Kinetic analysis revealed that Broström repair better preserved normal ankle moment patterns, while reconstruction resulted in significant alterations in ankle power generation. Both surgical techniques alter ankle mechanics, but Broström repair more effectively restores normal ankle biomechanics compared with allograft reconstruction in CAI patients during walking. These findings can guide surgeons in selecting the most appropriate surgical technique for restoring natural gait patterns. II.

The recovery trajectory of people undergoing treatment for knee articular cartilage damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In an effort to identify drought-tolerant varieties, four important maize hybrids were studied to evaluate their genetic divergences in response to pheno-physiology, yield and drought indices under water deficit stress (WDS). The experiment consisted of two factors and was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. Two water regimes (well watered and water deficit stress) were applied as the main plot treatments and four maize hybrids (BARI hybrid maize-9, BARI hybrid maize-15, BARI hybrid maize-16 and BWMRI hybrid maize-2) were split over water treatments as sub-plot treatments. The interaction impact of water regimes and maize varieties considerably influenced pheno-physiological traits as well as yield traits of maize, where WDS meaningfully declined the investigated physiological and yield attributes at different magnitudes, except the proline content. Among four hybrids, BWMRI hybrid maize-2 was found to perform better with less reduction percentage, whereas BARI hybrid maize-9 showed the lowest performance with more reduction percentage in terms of the studied traits to WDS. BWMRI hybrid maize-2 showed greater aptitude to hold water in the leaf and better steadiness of chlorophyll content and SPAD value of the leaf under stress than the other three varieties. After all, BWMRI hybrid maize-2 produced the maximum grain yield at both well watered and WDS conditions (13.78 t ha-1 and 12.85 t ha-1, respectively) with DSI value 0.78; on the contrary, BARI hybrid maize-9 produced the lowest grain yield (12.21 t ha-1 and 11.02 t ha-1, respectively) with DSI value 1.13. Based on pheno-physiological and yield responses as well as tolerance and susceptibility indices of maize hybrids to WDS, BWMRI hybrid maize-2 was identified as comparatively tolerant and BARI hybrid maize-9 as sensitive, whereas BARI hybrid maize-15 and BARI hybrid maize-16 were found as moderately tolerant to drought. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 23(3): 281–286, 2025

The field experiment was conducted at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (long.750 46 / E, lat. 290 10 / N and alti. 215.2 meters MSL) during rabi seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17. The main plot treatments consist of three date of sowing, i.e. D1 - 2nd fortnight of November, D2 - 1st fortnight of December, D3 - 2nd fortnight of December and sub plot treatments consist of three varieties, i.e. V1 - WH 1105, V2 - DPW 621-50 and V3 - HD 2967. The twenty seven treatment combinations were tested in split plot design with three replications. Genetic coefficient for DSSATwheat model such as P1V, P1D, P5, G1, G2, G3 and PHINT were evaluated. The model validation was carried out for wheat growth and yield attributes to test the model applicability under variable thermal environments of Haryana. The simulated results matched within the acceptable limit when compared with field experiments data. Validation was carried out for wheat by using multiyear data of the crop seasons 2015- 16 and 2016-17 consisting of four date of sowing and three varieties at different critical stages of crop growth. The phenology, growth and yield were comparable with the observed data. Grain yield (40.7 kg ha-1), straw yield (76.7 kg ha-1) and harvest index (0.34%) were satisfactorily simulated by the DSSAT wheat model both under optimal and sub optimal conditions under varying environmental conditions. This clearly showed the robustness of the DSSAT- wheat model.

Late sowing in rice cultivation reduces the effective growing window, adversely affecting crop performance and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Adopting short-duration varieties along with efficient nitrogen management practices can mitigate these effects. A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2021 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, to evaluate the performance of short-duration rice varieties under late-sown conditions and identify suitable nitrogen management strategies. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments included three short-duration rice varieties: DRR Dhan-44, MTU 1010, and MTU 1156. The subplot treatments comprised four nitrogen management strategies: recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) @ 120 kg N ha-1, slow-release silicon-coated urea (SRSCU) @ 90 kg N ha-1, Leaf Colour Chart (LCC)-based application @ 105 kg N ha-1, and Soil Test Crop Response (STCR)-based application @ 114.5 kg N ha-1. Among the varieties, MTU 1156 recorded the highest grain yield (5.71 t ha-1), dry matter accumulation (12.43 t ha-1), leaf area index (4.12), and productive tillers (285 m-²). Among nitrogen treatments, LCC-based application @ 105 kg N ha-1 resulted in the highest grain yield (5.76 t ha-1) and was statistically at par with RDN. SRSCU recorded the lowest yield. The highest partial factor productivity of N (PFPN), was observed in MTU 1156 (55 kg grain kg-1 N). The study concludes that MTU 1156 combined with LCC-based nitrogen management is an effective strategy for sustaining rice productivity under late-sown conditions.

Cisplatin (CDDP) concomitant to radiotherapy (RT) is one of the main treatments for locally advanced head and neck squamocellular carcinoma (LA HNSCC); nevertheless, elderly patients are underrepresented in trials and frequently receive less intensive and suboptimal treatments, which often are unimodal, even if it is well demonstrated how chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with CDDP is superior to RT alone. We aim to analyze clinical feasibility in terms of acute toxicity and treatment adherence in patients receiving concurrent high-dose CDDP and RT with curative or adjuvant intent, comparing elderly (≥65 years) with young (<65 years) patients. This is a monocentric, observational, prospective study of consecutive LA HNSCC patients treated with high dose CDDP concomitant to RT, from January 2017 to June 2024. The primary aim is to compare the performance of elderly patients with young patients in terms treatment adherence and toxicity, while the secondary aim is to assess treatment efficacy in terms of OS and PFS endpoints. The LA HNSCC patients were selected only by treatment, so all patients who did not receive chemoradiation were excluded. No difference in terms of compliance and toxicity events >G1 in the elderly versus young population is the null hypothesis. Data were analyzed using MedCal statistical software 14.12. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 170 patients were included in the study, according to the selection criteria stated. Only 7 elderly (12.3%) patients received a dose < 200 mg/m2, whereas 163 patients (87.7%) received ≥ 200 mg/m2 and all elderly patients completed RT, indicating a high level of adherence and effective management of treatment protocols, in front of a comparable incidence of acute toxicity to young patients (p-value: 0.84). OS and PFS were not statistically different between elderly and young patients (p = 0.20 and p = 0.72, respectively). Our findings suggest the feasibility of curative oncological treatment for elderly individuals with LA HNSCC, if they are well selected and adequately supported. Future studies should focus on validating and expanding these results to improve patient care and outcomes.