Main Actor Research Articles

Impact of the Guru Penggerak Programme on Improving Leadership Competence in Numeracy Learning

Education of Guru Penggerak is the Government's innovation to prepare for future leadership transformation. Before becoming a leader, the teacher mobiliser is required to be the main actor in classroom learning and mobilise peers through a community of practice. Thus, they are expected to become leaders in school management and development. Candidate of Guru Penggerak, after undergoing Education and Training for 6 months covering 10 modules, will become student-centred learning leaders. The implementation of quality student-centred learning has not been optimal and equitable from one region to another. The low level of literacy and numeracy in the education report card has led the Government to launch the Merdeka Belajar Programme. The purpose of the research conducted on prospective Guru Penggerak is to determine the impact of Education of Guru Penggerak on improving learning through improving grades during education and increasing competence in self-development and learning leadership, knowing the motivation of prospective Guru Penggerak after completing education and whether literacy and numeracy materials are needed. The research method uses quantitative descriptive research using data collection techniques of interviews, documentation, questionnaires and observations, pre-test-post test scores and questionnaires on prospective Guru Penggerak. The results obtained from this study are an average increase from the pre-test score of 50.80 to the average post-test score of 64.58 or an increase of 13.77. From the questionnaire, the competence of self-development and others increased from 76.82% to 87.35%. For learning leadership competence there was an increase from 73.03% to 85.04%

Active learning as a modern technology for achieving competitive advantages of educational services

An urgent, even topical problem in the field of export of educational services is the use of advantages in the domestic educational system, innovation and the search for methods, technologies and a way of presenting knowledge that are relevant for a modern student. The construction of the entire algorithm for teaching a foreign student in domestic universities should reach such a level of meeting their needs that would ensure the fullness of the request for high–quality knowledge, a palette of research skills. The competitiveness of our country in the field of export of educational services provides quality education based on an innovative approach using active learning technologies. Active learning nvolves an interdisciplinary approach to education using pedagogical, didactic, and organizational and managerial techniques. An important aspect of active learning is the focus on the development of various types of activity. The teacher becomes the most important subject of the innovative approach and the main actor in the entire system of modernization of the education system. Knowledge of the specifics, history, economic development of the country of a foreign student is a prerequisite for the activity of an innovator teacher. Such a technology is active training, which is aimed both at the formation of research, cognitive activity of the student, and at preparing for practical activities through the acquisition of various types of activity.

Implementation Of Restorative Justice As A Justice Law Enforcement In Indonesia

The law enforcement framework will in general save essential standards as far as satisfying equity, exclusively because of reasons of satisfying legitimate sureness. Victims in a crime, in the National Legal System, the position is not profitable. Because the victim, in the (Criminal) Judicial System, is only an accessory, not the main actor or just a witness. The type of research used by the author in compiling this research is normative legal research or library law research. It should be emphasized that restorative justice is fundamentally a concept, both about justice and due process, not a theory. Because it is the basis for the development of the judiciary, restorative justice is referred to as the philosophy of justice. So, it is possible to view restorative justice as a collection of legal procedures that primarily seek to repair (recover) the losses suffered by crime victims. In the science of criminal law, justice must try to restore the situation to how it was before the crime was committed. The situation changes when someone breaks the law. So that's where the role of law is to protect the rights of every victim of crime. Helpful equity additionally accentuates common liberties and the need to perceive the impacts of social unfairness and in basic ways review them, as opposed to just giving the culprits formal or lawful equity and casualties not getting any equity. Supportive equity likewise looks to reestablish casualties' security, individual regard, respect, and all the more significantly, a feeling of control. The helpful equity framework can be applied in the event that the lawful culture in a nation requires its execution for a specific case.

Analysis of profitability of Pay-As-You-Speed scheme

Objective Implementing usage-based insurance (UBI) schemes captured the attention and has found a better practical foundation, thanks to the presence of probes for recording the driving and traveling data. The UBI is believed to provide an incentive measure through premium discounts for correcting driving and traveling behavior. However, the success of UBI implementation is dependent on different factors including the presence of alternative insurance plans, the level of privacy concerns among society, and the amount of trust within the society. Therefore, designing proper discount schemes which affect UBI acceptance by drivers and its profitability for government and insurance companies differs across countries and different scenarios. We aim to investigate the profitability of UBI Pay-As-You-Speed in Iran with a focus on the government and insurance companies. This study will be beneficial for policymakers seeking to understand the potential impact of UBI Pay-As-You-Speed in Iran. Methods The research is conducted on a synthesized population with acceptance and accident frequency models based on a self-reported survey. We assumed six UBI schemes based on previous research. The acceptance model is a logit discrete choice model and the accident frequency is based on Poisson regression. Costs of crashes are estimated based on one-year data of the Central Insurance company in Iran. After models’ estimation, the simulated population is used to estimate the resultant profit of private insurance companies and government. Results It is found that the scheme with no premium discount and no rental prices for the required monitoring device, results in the highest revenue for the government. Moreover, with an increase in the probe penetration rate, the profitability of the government increases with a greater reduction in crashes. However, this trend is not observed for insurance companies because the cost of the monitoring device and premium discounts offset the profits gained from prevented crashes. Conclusion The presence of the government as a main actor in facilitating the implementation of UBI schemes is essential or private insurance companies would be reluctant to provide these schemes to customers.

The relationship between religious leaders and the knowledge of mothers in reducing stunting: a literature review

Introduction. Stunting is the main threat to the realization of quality Indonesian human resources and must be handled jointly by all parties. Several factors cause stunting, including the deficiency of knowledge among mothers about health and nutrition. Religious leaders are believed to have great authority in society and are an alternative to increasing mothers’ knowledge and attitudes. Objective. This literature review aims to discuss the relationship of religious leaders in increasing maternal knowledge to reduce stunting. Methods. This research method is the result of a literature review. This study was obtained from 3 databases, namely Scopus, Google Scholar, and articles from the mass media using exclusion and inclusion criteria. Results. From articles that reviewed religious leaders and maternal knowledge for stunting reduction, it was found that policies aimed at quickening stunting deterrence were passable at the central, regional, and district levels, but rules on spiritual methods were still inadequate. Religious leaders do not get passable evidence related to stunting, so they cannot do their best back to the public. Conclusion. Religious and stunting issues are very relevant when conveyed by religious leaders. Religious leaders can act as social agents in preventing stunting through their religious activities. Religious leaders have the role of the main actor in disseminating information. Strategies to accelerate stunting prevention through a religious method by using suitable methods and communication networks such as premarital counseling, religious knowledge councils, and sermons.

Implementation of Human Rights

Human rights are understood as rights that belong to every individual as a consequence of being human, regardless of legal acts. By affirming the existence of human rights, we say that every human being, by the very fact that he or she is such, is entitled to something. The modern concept of human rights is rooted in experiences of "legal illegality" when crimes were committed under the authority of the law and when some human beings were denied such status. These rights are defined as those rights that are inherent in our nature and without which we cannot live as human beings. Basic human rights and freedoms give us the opportunity to fully develop and use our human qualities, our intelligence, our consciousness, and fulfill our demands. The issue of human rights has received a great deal of attention. Today, the violation of human rights is taken seriously by international bodies and most countries have their own legislation to guarantee the protection and implementation of human rights. Human rights are closely related to the state's obligation to protect and promote them. Putting the state in their focus refers to the governing model, the state is the main actor, the responsible and responsible entity for the promotion of human rights and freedoms. In fact, the obligation and role of the state does not consist only in a passive position to promote them, but at the same time, it also has as a duty and as a primary obligation the undertaking of actions to guarantee and protect human rights and freedoms through policies active. The issue of human rights has attracted the attention of many people. As a legal category, human rights are presented in the creation of the first legal rules, where these give us the opportunity to develop and fully use our qualities and fulfill our requirements. The most effective protection of human rights is through state public institutions, where the state has the most powerful monopoly of force through which it can realize political goals and ideas, The aspiration to protect human dignity represents the essence of the concept of human rights. This aspiration puts the human being at the center of interest, where it is based on the common universal system of values committed to the right to life, as an inviolable right, and provides a framework for building the system of human rights. to man.
 
 Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 17 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023

LOCAL ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY IN NATURAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN PAGERWANGI VILLAGE, BANDUNG BARAT DISTRICT

The community is the main actor in disaster management in their area. Involvement as explained by The international strategy for disaster risk reduction (UNDP: 2006) which is one of the strategies by involving community participation in the implementation of disaster risk reduction. The involvement of the community in disaster management policies has been carried out by the government of West Bandung Regency through a disaster resilient village program implemented by the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD). The program is intended to establish and foster local communities for disaster management. This means that the community is facilitated to be involved in disaster management through local organizations formed by the government. Then the local Institution in Pagerwangi Village, Lembang Subdistrict, West Bandung Regency in disaster management is still in the process of developing its resources. The knowledge of organization members about disaster management provides a barrier to the process of strengthening the capacity of local organizations, especially in natural disaster management. So far what has been done is still waiting for encouragement from the local government of West Bandung Regency and from the internal organization itself.

DISGNOSTIC CONTABLE FINANCIAL ECONOMIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE D E LAS ORGANIZATIONS OF THE POPULAR AND SOLIDARITY ECONOMY OF ECUADOR

The organizations from the real sector of the Popular and Solidarity Economy are relevant and transcendent institutions by the dynamization of the economy of the country, its products and services are the reference for the acceptance of the people, their coverage and presence have generated change in the matrix Productive sectors of strategic sectors and seek to combine good living with collective participation. It has served to apply the group economy, generating strategies of expansion of market allowing to apply the priority of the work on the capital and of the collective interests on the individual ones.
 The loyalty of its members is the main way that the organizations implement in this new millennium, has created diverse ways and strategic tools that generate management in the involved and actors of each way of associativity that the nonfinancial sector has.
 The development of the present investigation allowed to demonstrate the application by the organizations of the principles stipulated in the current legal framework of Ecuador (Organic Law of Popular and Solidarity Economy, LOEPS), the appropriate way of structuring an organization of Popular Economy and Solidarity within the Non-Financial Sector that allows an effective administration for its economic development and of its members, so that it can fulfill its fundamental objectives such as the search for a good life and the common good
 The organizations that are part of this sector have undertaken new strategies to generate permanence and satisfaction in each activity that the members perform, seeks to increase the gears of development and become the differentiator of the national economic system; Self-management and fair trade are of high priority; the quality of the administrative models used is their current strategy in the structure of real sector of the associations and/or cooperatives.
 The partner or partner will be the main actor of the organizations, and its best ally with the implementation of the system proposed by the control body that is the Social Balance.

The Relevance of Ki Hajar Dewantara's "Being a Model" Philosophy for Christian Religious Teachers

The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the duties and responsibilities of a Christian Religious Education teacher, who serves as the main actor in teaching. Ki Hajar Dewantara's philosophy on teacher education is considered to be a trusted and imitable example, which can be used as a basis for vocation. This research aims to examine how teachers can serve as role models and how this can be implemented by Christian Religious Education teachers in today's context. The study findings indicate that Christian teachers must lead by example in their teaching, fulfill their duties and calling as a gift in teaching, and make Jesus the main principle of their exemplary conduct. The purpose of this research is to illustrate the efforts made by Christian Religious Education teachers to enhance their duties and calling as teachers and to determine whether they have become role models in the present day.

ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL DI LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA MENURUT PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2002 JUNCTO UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK JUNCTO UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 12 TAHUN 2022 TENTANG TINDAK PIDAN

With the existence of laws and regulations regarding sexual violence against children, Indonesia will be able to overcome all problems regarding children, especially sexual violence. The purpose of this research is to analyze the extent of the law in the application of protection and recovery for children who are in conflict with the law, in this case, sexual violence committed by relatives and their own family, and the factors that influence it. This research is normative (doctrinal) research. The results of this study indicate that in the legal analysis of child protection in the urgency of the child as a gift in the family, all efforts are made to create conditions so that every child can exercise his rights and obligations and encourage normal development and growth of children physically, mentally and socially. Furthermore, the results of the research show that the main factors in the recovery of the child are law enforcement, the condition of the child, government facilities in handling post-violence recovery, and the last one in the family as the main actor. Therefore, the role of the government should be more embracing children who are victims of their own family's disrepute.

El papel de la cooperación alemana en las alianzas público-privadas para el desarrollo sostenible en América Latina

Dentro del marco de la cooperación Sur-Sur, Alemania participa hoy en nuevas modalidades de cooperación al desarrollo, como son la cooperación triangular o las alianzas público-privadas (APP), que se han convertido en instrumentos vitales para el desarrollo de infraestructuras en la región, que no serían viables sin el apoyo del sector privado. La Agencia Alemana de Cooperación (GIZ), la Organización Latinoamericana de Energía (Olade) y la Comisión Económica para América Latina (Cepal) trabajan en un ambicioso programa (Proyecto Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable en América Latina), que utilizaremos como base en el presente artículo con el objetivo de evaluar el papel de la APP, la importancia de la cooperación alemana como actor principal en la promoción de proyectos energéticos sostenibles y el impacto de estos en la integración del continente latinoamericano.

PERANCANGAN MODEL EKONOMI KREATIF 5.0 BERBASIS DIGITAL SOCIAL INNOVATION

Shifts in social, community, economic and cultural life continue to occur following the development of the digital world. This study aims to design a model for the development of the creative economy in the era of society 5.0 in Indonesia. The research method uses literature study with four main stages, namely library data search, information identification, comparative analysis, and in-depth analysis and conclusion analysis. The design of the model uses the Digital Social Innovation (DSI) framework approach which emphasizes the combination of three forming elements, namely digitalization, innovation, and social. The results of this study provide an overview of the creative economy development model as the main actor that can solve social problems in society through the use of technology. In the era of society 5.0, creative economy actors must have the sensitivity to feel, identify, and map social problems so that they are able to generate ideas, strategies, and innovate appropriate solutions supported by the use of digital technology.

Speech Style Analysis: Sociolinguistic Perspective

The prompt development of English has formed a new perception that English should be the language of daily life. Diverse studies have been carried out to extend knowledge about the language itself with the various methods used. The researcher, in this context, aims to examine the speech style used by the main actor and the racial conflict that happened in the movie of “Freedom Writer”. The researcher uses a socio-linguistic approach to get a better understanding of the context of the speech and the speech style that is used according to the context. The film was based on a real story that happened in the united stated. The film was released in 2007. The researcher found a variety of speech style that was used by the main actor in the movie. The most dominant speech style used in the film is “Formal Style”. The formal style is used in an important and serious situation such as lectures, sermons, television newscasts, and some other occasions. The language style that is rarely used in this film is the “Frozen” style because the style is used in certain literature. More complexed discussion in this movie regarding racial issues were also further discussed.

Technological innovation systems (TIS) as a tool for sustainable development of EdTech startups in developing countries: A case of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) framework has become popular for analyzing innovation dynamics and as a systematic approach to understanding the development of new technologies. This paper aims to identify the main drivers and issues faced by EdTech startups and the entrepreneurs’ innovation role within Kazakhstan’s entrepreneurial ecosystem using the TIS framework, but from the role of the entrepreneur as the main actor, as opposed to systems. This study offers relevant information for new entrepreneurs in the EdTech field aiming for similar goals and potentially facing similar challenges faced by current entrepreneurs in that country. Data were collected from an online survey and semi-structured interviews using a quasi-quantitative and qualitative approach. The main research findings include identifying critical categories of risks and success indicators for Kazakhstan’s EdTech startup entrepreneurs, including the ability to attract foreign and local investments, risk management, monetization strategies, developing trends, and government support. A total of 30 companies were analyzed, with findings suggesting that the quality of the entrepreneurial ecosystem reflects the level of economic development.

Conceptualization of Grant of Justice Collaborator Status to Main Actors in Criminal Actions

The concept is not the main actor in determining Justice collaborators reap debate. This is because Richard Eliezer in the Brigadier J murder case was the main executor, even though he was the only person who was ordered to do so, but his position was that they were both perpetrators, but in fact it was accepted by the panel of judges. This research is aimed at examining the conceptualization of granting justice collaborator status to the main actors in criminal acts and the authority to grant justice collaborator status to the main actors in criminal acts. The results of the study state that the conceptualization of granting justice collaborator status to the main actors in criminal acts leads from the subjective pendulum to the objective pendulum. This means that so far the determination has been based on the subject, namely the main actor. However, with the rejections of Justice collaborator witnesses previously determined by the KPK or Prosecutors, the judge sees the objective actions of the perpetrators, this is what is called objective, no longer subjective whether the perpetrators themselves are the main actors or not. Determining the status of a justice collaborator who is awarded with a decision is the authority of the judge.

A Study on the Development of Henan Zhuizi Folk Music Knowledge in Kaifeng, Henan Province, China

The qualitative method was used in this study on the development of Henan Zhuizi folk music knowledge in Kaifeng, Henan Province, China. Based on the collected data, an interview form and questionnaire were used as research tools, and nine key informants were selected. The study results are as follows: Henan Zhuizi was mainly spread in the countryside and around the Xiangguo Temple in Kaifeng. In the past, Henan Zhuizi was sung by male actors. There are forms of self-pulling and self-singing, as well as accompaniment singing. Later, actresses appeared. At first, actresses were just a foil for actors. Most of them are male performers. gradually become a form in which the actress is the main actor, and the actor is the auxiliary. These artists came to other provinces to perform and called the Zhui zi from Henan Province "Henan Zhui zi," which is the origin of "Henan Zhuizi." The influence of Henan Zhuizi in the country reached its peak through some policy-related work that indirectly gave birth to a large number of new tracks of Henan Zhuizi and has been established to cultivate a large number of Quyi talents, which has promoted the development of Quyi, especially the development of Henan Zhuizi, since the 1970s.

Does the chemical contribution have a secondary role in SERS?

It is an established understanding that the electromagnetic contribution (plasmon-mediated enhancement of a laser and scattered local electromagnetic fields) is the main actor in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), with the so-called chemical (molecule-related) contribution assuming only, if any, a supporting role. The conclusion of our comprehensive experimental resonant study of a broad range of nanosphere lithography based metallic substrates, with covalently attached 4-mercaptobenzoic acid monolayers used as a probe (standard molecules that are non-resonant in solution), is that this accepted understanding needs to be revised. We present a detailed resonant SERS study of metal-film-over-nanosphere (MFON) substrates that is done by both scanning the laser wavelength and tuning the plasmon response through the nanosphere diameter, which is varied from 500 to 900 nm. Far and local field properties are characterized through measures of optical reflectivity and SERS efficiency, respectively, and are supported by numerical simulations. We demonstrate that SERS intensity depends indeed on the electromagnetic mechanism, determined by the plasmonic response of the system, but we observe that it is also strongly defined by a chemical resonant contribution related to a metal-to-ligand electronic transition of the covalently bound probe molecule. Optimum amplification occurs when the plasmon modes intersect with the ligand-to-metal chemical resonance, contributing synergically both mechanisms together. Quite notably, however, the largest SERS signal is observed when the laser is tuned with the metal-to-ligand transition, and typically does not follow the wavelength dependence of the plasmon modes when varying the nanosphere size. The same general trend is observed for other nanosphere lithography based substrates, including sphere segment void cavities and hexagonally ordered triangular nanoparticles, using either Ag or Au as the plasmonic metal, and also with a commercial substrate (Klarite). Interestingly, this extensive comparative investigation shows in addition that MFON substrates are significantly better than these other studied plasmonic substrates in terms of Raman intensity and homogeneity. We conclude that a deep understanding of both electromagnetic and chemical mechanisms is necessary to fully exploit these substrates for analytical applications.

Toward a Petro-Developmental State? Merits and demerits of the Chadian rentier state.

The discovery of oil in Chad in the 1960s and its subsequent exploitation triggered the idea by international institutions that oil extraction would lead to sustainable development. Furthermore, Chad in tackling the resource curse would use rents to solve social, economic and security challenges on its territory. I argue that the state is the main actor in the resource curse, and its power derives rents from natural resources extraction. The curse emerges under local or international institutional pressures even if political outcomes are contextual and based on local norms. Drawing on theories of rentier state and developmental state, this paper seeks to critically explore local and international pressures that pull the state towards rentier behaviors resulting in poor local development outcomes.

Exploring the Potential of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 as Promising Psychobiotics Using SHIME.

Psychobiotics are probiotics that have the characteristics of modulating central nervous system (CNS) functions or reconciled actions by the gut-brain axis (GBA) through neural, humoral and metabolic pathways to improve gastrointestinal activity as well as anxiolytic and even antidepressant abilities. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 on the gut microbiota of mildly anxious adults using SHIME®. The protocol included a one-week control period and two weeks of treatment with L. helveticus R0052 and B. longum R0175. Ammonia (NH4+), short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), cytokines and microbiota composition were determined. Probiotic strains decreased significantly throughout the gastric phase. The highest survival rates were exhibited by L. helveticus R0052 (81.58%; 77.22%) after the gastric and intestinal phase when compared to B. longum (68.80%; 64.64%). At the genus level, a taxonomic assignment performed in the ascending colon in the SHIME® model showed that probiotics (7 and 14 days) significantly (p < 0.005) increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Olsenella and significantly decreased Lachnospira and Escheria-Shigella. The probiotic treatment (7 and 14 days) decreased (p < 0.001) NH4+ production when compared to the control period. For SCFAs, we observed after probiotic treatment (14 days) an increase (p < 0.001) in acetic acid production and total SCFAs when compared to the control period. Probiotic treatment increased (p < 0.001) the secretion of anti-inflammatory (IL-6 and IL-10) and decreased (p < 0.001) pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha) when compared to the control period. The gut-brain axis plays an important role in the gut microbiota, producing SCFAs and GABA, stimulating the production of anti-anxiety homeostasis. The signature of the microbiota in anxiety disorders provides a promising direction for the prevention of mental illness and opens a new perspective for using the psychobiotic as a main actor of therapeutic targets.

Two Ways: The Comprehensive Views on Protection Strategies to Tibetan Plateau

The meaning of research about the protection of the Tibetan Plateau does not only include the ecological aspect but also involves the economic benefits. In order to achieve the integration of ecology and economy, it seems to be necessary to search the diverse and useful protection methods. Currently, there are two main kinds of protection strategies for the Tibetan Plateau: top-down protection with the government as the main actor and bottom-up protection with the society as the main actor. This paper is from the perspective of policymakers and attempts to analyse the practical value and actual problems of the two methods through a comprehensive view; that is mainly about capability, deviation, adaptability, economy, and even the influence in international aspects.