Magnetic fields as biophysical activators of autophagy: A preclinical systematic review.

Effects of cooling step and static magnetic field on the freezing characteristics of apple.

This paper presents a winding model for predicting winding losses in planar inductors. In transformer windings, the magnetic field can often be simplified to a one-dimensional problem, as the net current flowing into the core window is nearly zero. However, this simplification is not applicable to inductors, where two-dimensional (2D) magnetic fields are always present. The 2D field arises from two primary sources: the non-zero total current flowing into the core window and the fringing field around air gaps. Consequently, a 2D modeling approach is essential for accurate inductor analysis. Existing methods are often computationally intensive or simplified for a specific situation; this work aims to provide a method that balances accuracy and computational speed. This paper proposes an easily applicable 2D numerical method, based on Green's function and Gaussian quadrature, to solve the quasi-static magnetic field problems in planar windings. Various quadrature methods are compared, leading to the selection of Lobatto quadrature for this application. The proposed 2D numerical method is then incorporated into a winding model to construct the impedance matrix for planar windings. This comprehensive model can calculate losses resulting from non-uniform 2D magnetic fields on foil windings and accounts for current sharing among parallel conductors. The method is validated through comparisons with 2D finite element method (FEM) simulations and measurements performed on a planar inductor with parallel windings.

Mixed convection Carreau-Yasuda nanofluid flow with heat transfer analysis by Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass transfer models.

Magnetic field-enhanced spin polarization in Fe-doped CdS for photocatalytic superoxide generation and Microcystis aeruginosa removal.

Computational analysis of thermophysical properties for radiative Jeffery fluid flow past an irregular magnetized wavy surface with motile microorganism: Biomedical and advanced energy applications.

Casson hybrid nanofluid flow between two rotating disks under magnetic field and convective boundary conditions

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an advanced MRI technique that links phase variations to the local tissue susceptibility. In multiple sclerosis (MS), QSM has shown promise in characterizing brain lesions by assessing chronic inflammation and myelin content. However, in the spinal cord (SC), the question remains as to whether QSM can classify MS lesions as demyenilated/remyenilated and detect chronic inflammation. SC QSM poses novel challenges due to the small size, mobility and curvature of the cord, as well as magnetic field inhomogeneities caused by nearby vertebrae and physiological movement. This study compares two QSM processing methods for the SC. One method uses the IDEAL (iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation) algorithm to account for potential fat-related signal contributions. The second assumes fat has negligible impact. Both approaches employ the PDF (projection into dipole fields) algorithm to remove the background field and the MEDI (morphology enabled dipole inversion) technique for solving the field-to-susceptibility inversion. A 2-sequence MRI protocol was developed to acquire in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OOP) QSM data. Eight healthy controls (HC) and twenty MS patients were scanned on a 3T Prisma scanner. We obtained the first high-resolution axial QSM maps of the cervical SC (C3-C5), clearly distinguishing gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and MS lesions. Results showed that accounting for fat using IDEAL did not meaningfully improve the estimation of the total magnetic field or the overall quality of QSM maps. These results open up exciting possibilities for SC susceptibility imaging in MS.

Linear superposition co-tuning for photoelectric effect by magnetic field and electric field in BiFe0.9Ni0.1O3/Si heterojunction device

Actively shielded gradient coil design for an all-superconducting planar MRI system using progressively-enhanced shielding constraints.

Heating of an annular plate under the effects of thermal buffer with phase change material in a trapezoidal vented cavity under convection of hot liquid with magnetic field

Transient magnetohydrodynamic flow over a rotating vertical porous surface incorporating thermal radiation, hall and ion-slip effects: Using finite element method

Phase error reduction in ILSF undulators using a genetic algorithm for sorting the magnetic blocks.

Over the past 15 years, the number of studies employing functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) has tripled, driven in part by improvements in scanner performance and a growing interest in the investigation of metabolic dynamics associated with the modulation of brain activity. Higher static magnetic fields, enhancements in gradient strength and stability, more sensitive RF coil designs, and refinements in quantification approaches have considerably increased spectral quality and temporal resolution. Together, these developments have further strengthened the unique ability of fMRS to monitor invivo metabolic changes. Given its role in oxidative metabolism and its relevance in brain energetics, lactate (Lac) is one of the most studied metabolites, following the most important excitatory (glutamate [Glu]) and inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmitters. This meta-analysis aims to obtain an estimate of mean Lac changes in the healthy human brain during a task, by grouping together the papers published to date according to magnetic field strength, spectroscopic sequence echo time, and task design. Across all included studies, an increase in Lac concentration during stimulation is reported by all the papers included in this meta-analysis, with a statistically significant increase between the stimulation and rest periods of 22%. Studies using visual stimuli reported a significantly higher increase of Lac compared to studies employing motor or cognitive tasks. No significant differences emerged between studies at different magnetic field strengths or echo times. This meta-analysis, however, revealed a substantial methodological heterogeneity, highlighting the need for greater standardization in fMRS methodologies.

Simulation of unsteady MHD Powell-Eyring fluid model over an inclined porous surface with oxidative microbial activity

Smart Drug Delivery Systems (SDDSs) are advanced platforms enabling controlled and stimuli-responsive drug release. Among external stimuli, near-infrared (NIR) light and magnetic fields are particularly attractive due to their non-invasive activation and tunable energy conversion. Multifunctional electrospun scaffolds (PCI) based on poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), ciprofloxacin (CPX), and iron oxide nanopowder (INPs, d < 50 nm) as a low-cost superparamagnetic component has been exhaustively explored, reporting the use of INP as photothermal agent in electrospun scaffolds, enabling high nanoparticle loading and NIR-triggered drug release, a strategy still scarcely explored in electrospun systems. This powder-based strategy simplifies formulation compared to stabilized SPION dispersions while preserving magnetic and photothermal functionalities. The resulting mats exhibited uniform, defect-free fibers with tunable mechanical properties and sustained CPX release (≈40% over 11 days), which increased to ≈60% under NIR irradiation. INPs imparted superparamagnetic behavior, NIR responsiveness, and MRI and X-ray detectability, while CPX improved fiber morphology and surface wettability. High cell viability (>85%) confirmed the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds. Comprehensive characterization included morphology, wettability, thermal and mechanical properties, NIR response, and drug release. Magnetic properties were evaluated using a cost-effective sensor-based approach (Hall sensors and fluxgate magnetometer), confirming superparamagnetic behavior. By coupling NIR-triggered drug release with MRI detectability, PCI scaffolds provide a compact theranostic platform for localized biomedical applications. Overall, PCI scaffolds represent a scalable and cost-effective multifunctional platform integrating controlled drug delivery, photothermal responsiveness, and imaging capability, showing strong potential for advanced biomedical applications.

We report on a novel Ni/macro-fibre composite (MFC) epoxy-free magnetoelectric (ME) structure fabricated by electroless and electrodeposition techniques. Substantially high self-biased coefficient, peak output ME coefficient, and peak ME voltage of 0.62 V/cm/Oe, 1 V/cm/Oe, and 5.9 V, respectively, were observed under quasi-static operating conditions at frequency as low as 50 Hz. Moreover, the deposition-based fabrication strategy employed herein mitigates the use of an epoxy interlayer, thus facilitating direct strain transfer across layers, reducing composite volume, and enhancing electrical output, all being cardinal for developing highly efficient ME structures. We reveal a counter-intuitive disparity, wherein the self-biased ME coefficient decreases, whereas the peak ME coefficient stays constant when the AC magnetic field increases from 3.1 Oe to 25 Oe, contrary to the conventional notion that the ME coefficient is unaffected by the AC magnetic field amplitude. Moreover, the bias field required for attaining the peak ME response is observed to increase with an increase in the applied AC magnetic field. These intricate correlations between static magnetic field, AC magnetic field, self-biased, and peak ME response highlight their coupled influence on ME behavior and comprehensively identify the combination of operating field parameters required to attain optimal output voltage for practical applications. Thus, this study harnesses the high piezoelectric property of MFC and deposition-based epoxy-free fabrication strategy to develop magnetoelectric structures with significantly high response. • Fabrication of deposition-based epoxy-free magnetoelectric (ME) composites. • Electroless and electrodeposition of nickel on non-conductive MFC substrate. • Maximum ME coefficient of 1 V/cm/Oe and self-biased ME coefficient of 0.62 V/cm/Oe. • Enhanced harvested quasi-static voltage of 5.9 V at low frequency of 50 Hz.

Magnetic-enhanced Pd/MXene@Ni foam for formic acid dehydrogenation via photothermal interface.

We present Zeeman spectra of the green e 6Π - a 6Δ origin band of the FeH molecule recorded in a low-pressure flame in magnetic fields up to 7000 Gauss. Zeeman splittings are well-resolved for the lowest rotational levels, and show sharp dependence on parity for a given rotational level. Magnetic field calibration was performed in situ, using Fe(I) transitions with strong magnetic response at 537.15 nm and 510.76 nm. The atomic spectra lead to revised Landé factors for the Fe (I) a 3F3 level at 12,560.934 cm-1 (g = 1.0873(2)), the z 5D2° level at 26,339.696 cm-1 (g = 1.49752(5)) and for the z 3F2° level at 32,133.991 cm-1 (g = 0.6806(3)).

MRI-guided neurosurgery requires high-precision puncture, but is challenged by magnetic field constraints and brain tissue deformation. The mechanism is constructed from non-magnetic materials (e.g.,PEEK and ceramic bearings) and driven by ultrasonic piezoelectric actuators to ensure safety in strong magnetic fields. A composite swing-arc RCM design extends the RCM workspace to a hemispherical region, enabling dynamic adjustment within a 220mm diameter. D-H parameters are refined through multimodal calibration, and RCM stability is experimentally validated. After calibration, the end-effector absolute error is 2.16mm with a repeatability of ±1.02mm, and the mean RCM deviation is 0.57mm. The system supports autonomous puncture under real-time MRI, covers the cranial workspace and provides a precise, flexible solution for neurosurgical procedures.