As computer technology and instrument technology advance rapidly, both virtual instrument and Lab-VIEW have significantly grown. LabVIEW is extensively employed in the industrial and academic sectors for developing data acquisition systems, instrument control software, and analysis software. This paper presents the design of a multi-channel temperature measurement system based on a single-chip CPU and LabVIEW. The system consists of analog-to-digital conversion modules, temperature measurement modules, and data acquisition modules. The system uses the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem and the advantages of various digital filter types to obtain temperature uncertainty, including the compensation uncertainty of the reference junction. The system is of high quality in measuring accuracy, stability, scalability and other aspects. The complete system was inspected and verified using a superconducting magnetic energy storage device (SMES). The results demonized the ease of construction, practicality and precise regulation of the system. These results also show that temperature measurement devices are less than 0.1°C absolute error and are highly accurate, making them valuable for applications that require precise temperature measurements.