Since trend of nanotechnology is developing progressively in past decades, so resultantly studies on innovative heat transmission fluid called nanofluids have become increasingly popular. The invention of this enhanced heat transfer nanofluid results in a great revolution in modern engineering as well as science. The researchers and scientists have shown a great interest in research on nanofluid due to its wide assortment of solicitations in numerous sectors along with environmental friendliness properties of nanofluid. In this investigation we examine a non-Newtonian ferrofluid that exhibits magnetic effects. A useful technique for converting non-linear systems of partial differential equations into non-linear O.D.Es is similarity transformation. The bvp4c method is used to obtain the numerical results. A detailed graphic representation of the temperature, velocity along with concentration profiles is provided. It is investigated that an escalation in the estimations of Brownian movement parameter, the concentration gradient decreases and the thermal profile shows increasing behavior. Furthermore, Artificial Intelligence (AI) Neural Networks (NNs) of the non-traditional Levenberg Marquardt Backpropagation Algorithm (LMBA) are used to solve equations numerically. A variety of performance metrics, such as Mean Squared Error, Training State of Function, Fitness State of Function, Regression Analysis Plots, and Error Histograms, are used to assess the model's correctness under various conditions and determine how well the projected NNs of AI work using LMBA. A detailed analysis is also carried out to look at the effects of the important variables on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles.

Design of superconducting bending magnets and an integral compensation method for the Hefei Advanced Light Facility

Magnetorheological (MR) materials, with the ability of vectorial response, offer exciting opportunities for next-generation wearables and soft robotic systems. Although some existing MR materials and fiber designs can produce directional responses, they typically rely on strategies—such as hard-magnetic loading or pre-magnetization—that constrain safety and large-scale manufacturability. This Communication highlights a paradigm-shifting advance reported by Pu et al., that a soft-magnetic fibrous architecture achieves genuine vector-stimuli-responsiveness under low, safe magnetic fields without pre-magnetization. We articulate the great breakthrough of this work through a hierarchical design framework, demonstrating how the synergistic innovation at the material (magnetic dipole aligned in low-density polyethylene), fiber (drawing-induced magnetic easy axis), yarn (twist-induced cooperative effects), and fabric (vertical or horizontal magnetic field response capability) levels collectively resolves the longstanding trade-offs between performance, manufacturability, and safety. As a result, this strategy demonstrates strong universality in terms of materials, although only the carbonyl iron particles were used. This approach not only enables programmable bending, stiffening, shear, and compression in textiles but also establishes a versatile platform for magneto-programmable systems. Furthermore, we delineate the critical challenges and future trajectories—from theoretical modeling and integration of complementary stimuli to the development of three-dimensional textile architectures—that this new platform opens for the fields of haptics, soft robotics, and adaptive wearables.

Abstract In 2019, the DeepEarthShape project was launched to gain a deeper understanding of the interaction between geological, geochemical and biological processes controlling the weathering in the first tens to hundred meters of the subsurface. The elongated Chilean Coastal Range was selected as the ideal study area to investigate the effects of vegetation, precipitation and erosion on the transformation of intact bedrock into regolith within the so-called critical zone (CZ). This area encompasses several climate zones, from dry to humid, within a similar geological setting. We have carried out a Radio-Magnetotelluric (RMT) survey using a horizontal magnetic dipole (HMD) transmitter to image the lateral extent of the near-surface layers and the CZ by means of the subsurface electrical conductivity distribution at Santa Gracia and Nahuelbuta in Chile - two sites of the DeepEarthShape project. We inverted the controlled source Radio-Magnetotellurics data using the finite element code GoFEM and the finite difference ModEM algorithm to obtain the first resistivity models. The models show boundaries between the conductive weathering front of the soil layer at the surface, the regolith layer and the intact bedrock down to a depth of $$\approx 100\,m$$ ≈ 100 m . The depth of the CZ is consistent with borehole logs and drill cores, as well as with the results of a seismic study. We interpret electrical conductivity structures below the CZ, in particular the conductive channels as pathways for fluids, which might be linked to topography and meteoric waters. In particular, the results from Nahuelbuta illustrate that geophysical imaging prior to drilling activity is essential and protects against misinterpretation. A comparison of our conductivity models from the two locations with different climate and precipitation rates supports the assumption that the extent of the CZ is related to both properties. Graphical abstract

ABSTRACT This paper proposes an electrically small bandwidth-enhanced end-fire Huygens antenna for 6 G applications. The antenna is composed of a capacitively loaded loop (CLL), an electrically small Egyptian Tomahawk dipole (ETD) on the top and bottom of a single-layer substrate. To significantly broaden the impedance bandwidth (IBW), the top layer CLL incorporates interdigital capacitors (ICs), partial rings (PRs), and parasitic capacitors (PCs). The PC is also used to broaden the IBW of the bottom-layer ETD. By introducing and adjusting the coupling between parasitic elements, the input impedance of the antenna is flattened in a wide frequency range, hence the IBW is dramatically improved. The coupling between the top and bottom conductors contributes to the 90° phase difference between the equivalent magnetic and electric dipoles required for the endfire radiation. The IBW of the antenna is 6.30–6.95 GHz or 9.81%, and the electrical size ka = 0.87. The measured peak gain is 4.34 dBi at 6.38 GHz, and the total efficiency is as high as 91%. The measured results fit well with the simulation. The antenna has excellent performance in bandwidth, gain, and efficiency. It is an ideal choice for future 6 G applications.

Abstract Superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) are a distinct class of stellar explosions, exhibiting peak luminosities 10--100 times brighter than those of normal SNe. Their extreme luminosities cannot be explained by the radioactive decay of \(^{56}\mathrm{Ni}\) and its daughter \(^{56}\mathrm{Co}\) alone. Consequently, models invoking newly formed millisecond magnetars have been widely proposed, capable of supplying additional energy through magnetic dipole radiation. For these rapidly rotating magnetars, however, gravitational-wave (GW) emission may also contribute significantly to the spin-down, particularly during their early evolutionary stages. While high-energy photons initially remain trapped within the optically thick ejecta, they will eventually escape as the ejecta becomes transparent during the expansion, thereby influencing the late-time lightcurve. In this work, we adopt an analytical framework to systematically explore the combined effects of GW emission and high-energy leakage on the lightcurve of SLSNe. Compared to scenarios that neglect these processes, we find that for magnetars with initial spin periods of millisecond, the combined influence suppresses early-time luminosities but enhances late-time emission. We further investigate the effects of the neutron-star equation of state to the lightcurve, GW emission efficiency, ejecta mass, and other relevant quantities. Our results highlight the complex interplay between GW-driven spin-down and radiative transport in shaping the observable features of SLSNe, offering new insights into diagnosing the nature of their central engines.

Achieving broadband and high-sensitivity circularly polarized light (CPL) detection with intrinsic organic semiconductors remains a fundamental challenge due to the inherent planarity-helicity dilemma: conventional π-extension strategies broaden absorption but tend to suppress molecular helicity, whereas enhanced helicity through steric modulation often shortens conjugation and limits spectral coverage. Here, we introduce a Chiroπ-Extension (CπE) design strategy that reconciles this conflict by bay-fusing two perylene diimides into a π-extended helitwistacene. This fusion simultaneously elongates the conjugation pathway and enforces near-collinear alignment of electric and magnetic transition dipoles, resulting in amplified chiroptical activity across the UV-visible region. Single-crystal devices of (S)-di-ClPDI-Ph exhibit broadband CPL detection from 365 to 690nm with an exceptional photocurrent dissymmetry factor of 0.60 at 515nm, along with high photoresponsivity (9.1 W-1) and detectivity (4.8×1012 Jones). This work establishes CπE as a general molecular design principle for intrinsically chiral semiconductors, paving the way toward high-sensitivity, broadband, and integrable CPL optoelectronic technologies.

Abstract Achieving broadband and high‐sensitivity circularly polarized light (CPL) detection with intrinsic organic semiconductors remains a fundamental challenge due to the inherent planarity–helicity dilemma: conventional π‐extension strategies broaden absorption but tend to suppress molecular helicity, whereas enhanced helicity through steric modulation often shortens conjugation and limits spectral coverage. Here, we introduce a Chiroπ‐Extension (CπE) design strategy that reconciles this conflict by bay‐fusing two perylene diimides into a π‐extended helitwistacene. This fusion simultaneously elongates the conjugation pathway and enforces near‐collinear alignment of electric and magnetic transition dipoles, resulting in amplified chiroptical activity across the UV–visible region. Single‐crystal devices of ( S )‐di‐ClPDI‐Ph exhibit broadband CPL detection from 365 to 690 nm with an exceptional photocurrent dissymmetry factor of 0.60 at 515 nm, along with high photoresponsivity (9.1 W −1 ) and detectivity (4.8 × 10 12 Jones). This work establishes CπE as a general molecular design principle for intrinsically chiral semiconductors, paving the way toward high‐sensitivity, broadband, and integrable CPL optoelectronic technologies.

Abstract The current article proposes an ultrathin, crossed magnetic dipole-based single-layered graphene THz absorber for electromagnetic wave shielding applications. The unit cell of the proposed metasurface absorber consists of a patterned grabhene layer placed on the top surface of a SiO 2 layer supported by a continuous graphene layer. The absorber exhibits more than 90% absorptivity in the frequency range 0.1 to 8.67 THz resulting 8.57 THz absorption bandwidth (fractional bandwidth 195%). The broadbanding is achieved by combining three closely spaced sequential absorption peaks intelligently. The absorber is highly compact in nature, with thickness λ 0 / 731.70 and square-type unit cell periodicity λ 0 /250, where λ 0 is calculated using the lowest operating frequency. The absorber is insensitive to polarization and provides angular stability up to 45 o for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) excitations. In addition to compactness, another salient feature is that the absorber can be converted from a broad band to a narrow band by changing the relaxation time of the graphene layer, making the absorber bifunctional. A simple dc bias can change the relaxation time of a graphene layer. Narrow band absorber is eligible for sensing applications.

Helicenes are chiral π-conjugated molecules whose properties strongly depend on their lengths. Systematic studies of these compounds have been limited by synthetic challenges. Here we report a concise two-step strategy (defined as the helicene-forming sequence from aminohelicene precursors) to access a homologous series of tetraaza[7]-[15]helicenes. Optical spectra converge beyond [11]H, defining a conjugation ceiling, while chiroptical responses amplify sharply, yielding |glum| up to 0.028. Fluorescence quantum yields show a nonmonotonic dependence, with [7]H and [15]H maintaining both high ΦF (0.39 and 0.36) and large |glum|, resulting in outstanding, albeit semi-quantitative, CPL performance, with figures of merit reaching 0.010 and CPL brightness values of approximately 490. TD-DFT calculations attribute this amplification to the delayed alignment of electric and magnetic transition dipoles, while 1H NMR shifts of inner protons provide an independent probe of structural reorganization within the helical cavity. Additionally, experiment and theory have consistently identified [11]H as the critical helicene length at which the framework undergoes a qualitative transition. Notably, the [15]helicene constitutes the longest helicene ever resolved into its enantiomers, underscoring the synthetic power of this modular approach. Importantly, our synthetic route is effective for constructing higher-order helicenes, offering a generalizable platform for length-controlled, heteroatom-containing helicenes. These findings establish long tetraazahelicenes as a rare platform where through-bond conjugation and through-space orbital coupling act cooperatively to govern photophysical and chiroptical properties.

Organic emissive materials exhibiting circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have attracted considerable attention as promising candidates for next-generation photonic and electronic devices. However, most CPL-active molecules require laborious procedures such as asymmetric synthesis or optical resolution. In this study, chiral propeller-shaped molecules were conveniently synthesized by introducing chiral amines possessing static chirality into a dynamically chiral propeller framework. The molecule was obtained via a two-step aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) sequence and exhibited distinct CPL activity (|glum| ≈ 2.0 × 10−3 at room temperature) without optical resolution. Furthermore, a bifunctionalized derivative employing a chiral diamine with a similar substructure was synthesized, but no enhancement in CPL anisotropy was observed. These results indicate that precise control over the relative orientation of the magnetic and electric transition dipole moments is crucial for improving CPL performance.

The human brain contains magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the form of magnetite (Fe3O4); however, the origin and physiological implications of these crystals remain debated. Due to their low concentrations in brain tissue (∼1–20 ng g−1), the identification and characterization of individual magnetic particles require nanometer-scale spatial resolution over large scan volumes. In contrast to conventional electron microscopy techniques that have field of views typically on micron scales, the Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM), based on wide-field nitrogen-vacancy center imaging, can generate magnetic field maps over areas of several square millimeters while detecting nanoscale particles. Moreover, the QDM can directly quantify the strength and direction of the particles' magnetic moments. Operating the QDM in a high-sensitivity mode, coupled with long acquisition times, enabled the detection of magnetic moments as small as 3 × 10−17 Am2, corresponding to a magnetite particle diameter of approximately 50 nm, in maps covering 1.40 × 2.25 mm2. This is the highest magnetic moment sensitivity of wide-field magnetic microscopy >1 mm2 to date. In addition, collecting repeat, but slightly offset magnetic field maps resulted in the unique ability to distinguish sources within a sample from contamination and artifacts. By applying this technique to tissue, we demonstrate the detection of magnetic dipole-generating sources in human and rodent brain samples with the QDM. Detected particles span a size range of 60–135 nm, consistent with the larger end of magnetite particle sizes found by electron microscopy. These are the first direct magnetic observations of magnetite nanoparticles in brain tissue using quantum sensing techniques.

The arguments for the use of the appropriate model to describe the behavior of nanoparticles (NPs) in different environments have extended over many decades with conflicting experimental evidence and interpretation. LaPO4:Eu3+ NPs have been dispersed in organic solvents, pressed into glass discs, melted in glass discs, and prepared as phosphor in glass (PiG) ceramics and then melted at higher temperature. Besides the emission spectra, the parameters (i) emission decay lifetimes and (ii) relative intensity of bands allowed by electric dipole (ED) and magnetic dipole (MD) mechanisms (i.e., ED : MD intensity ratios) have been studied and fitted according to model output parameters as a function of refractive index of the materials. The parameters for LaPO4:Eu3+ NPs dispersed in alcohols are accounted for by refractive index changes. In compressed discs, the NPs are located on surfaces and spectral properties do not change noticeably with glass composition. In the PiG materials, the change in glass surroundings of the moiety with glass composition can create a large change in polarizability and hence ED : MD intensity. Therefore, in this case the ED : MD and R2 ratios are not only determined by refractive index but also by chemical affinity: i.e., the ionic - covalent nature of neighbors. In melted glasses or melted PiG at higher temperature, the LaPO4:Eu3+ moiety is destroyed and Eu3+ is incorporated into the glass framework. The experiments demonstrate the versatility in spectral properties and opportunities for tuning these when nanoparticles are dispersed in different media.

Heteronuclear alkali diatomics in the lowest triplet state possess electric and magnetic dipoles, making them promising for quantum simulation of many-body physics. However, an analytical formula with physical transparency to...

Modulating circularly polarized luminescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescence properties by introducing chiral unit and extending acceptor unit strategies.

Non-Contact Manipulation of Induced Magnetic Dipoles

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a stable analytical method to simulate responses of an array induction tool in a horizontal well and analyse the vertical detection sensitivity in a planar‐stratified anisotropic formation. The electromagnetic field excited by a horizontal magnetic dipole is first derived by using the generalised transmission/reflection method. The measuring field with a dipole receiver is fixed on the same plane as the transmitter. To avoid the overflow problem in numerical integral, the boundary positions are introduced in the expressions. The background field is abstracted from its total field and calculated using its algebraic form. The rest of the expressions are related reflection field. It has the advantage of a small convergence domain and weak oscillation compared with its total field, which improves the stability and efficiency of the numerical integral. Combining with the proposed forward modelling method, a difference formula is defined for the vertical detection sensitivity of the array induction logging tool in horizontal wells. It is a fundamental investigation for tool response analysis and data processing. Finally, we validate our new formulas compared with the numerical method and analyse the effects on tool responses from anisotropy and layer thickness.

Quantum Hall-like effect for neutral particles with magnetic dipole moments in a quantum dot

Water interfaces play critical roles in numerous physicochemical processes, with significant implications for green energy, atmospheric science, materials research, biological systems, and chemical reactions. Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS) is a sensitive and selective nonlinear technique for probing interfacial molecular orientations, structures, and dynamics in situ. By combining ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemistry calculations-which explicitly account for electronic quantum effects-we compute the imaginary part of the SSP SFVS for interfacial water. Our results demonstrate that the shoulder peak of the free OH group stems from both the electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole contributions, with the former being dominant. This approach balances simplicity with physical rigor, potentially offering a new theoretical framework for interpreting complex SFVS.

The high-energy imaging beamline MOGNO was recently designed, installed and commissioned at the Sirius fourth-generation synchrotron radiation source at the LNLS in Brazil. MOGNO, a micro- and nano-imaging beamline, has as primary source a 3.2 T superbend permanent magnet dipole with a critical energy of 19.15 keV and operates in a cone-beam geometry. The present paper addresses the commissioning experiments in propagation-based phase-contrast imaging and microtomography, revealing high-precision details of a wide range of non-stained biological samples with minimal preparation. We illustrate the potential of non-destructive fast high-resolution microtomographic imaging, particularly for fine anatomical studies of Brazilian biological specimens. Three-dimensional investigations reveal the internal morphology of the head of a dengue fever vector mosquito (Aedes aegypti) and of the whole embryo of a reptile (Brasiliscincus agilis) and of an amphibian (Eleutherodactylus cochranae), as well as the features inherent in an archaeological artefact (Galeocerdo cuvier tooth) and a fish fossil bone (Elopomorpha incertae sedis).