MgSO4 Research Articles (Page 1)

Despite optimized therapy, up to 30% of patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) experience treatment failure. To date, there is limited and low-quality data available on rescue strategies for this subset of patients. This study describes clinical outcomes associated with intravenous (IV) magnesium sulfate and methocarbamol, with or without adjunctive antiseizure medications (ASMs), in the management of acute, refractory TN pain crises. This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study conducted at the Cleveland Clinic Headache and Facial Pain Section from January 2015 to 2024. We analyzed adults (≥18 years) with treatment-refractory TN who received a standardized 3-day infusion regimen of magnesium sulfate and methocarbamol, with or without IV ASMs (levetiracetam, lacosamide, or valproic acid). Each encounter represented a distinct TN pain crisis treated with 3 consecutive days of infusion therapy. Infusions were administered specifically during acute exacerbations of pain that occurred despite ongoing or previously attempted maintenance treatment. Pain intensity was assessed using the 11-point numerical rating scale before and after each infusion day. The primary outcome was the proportion of encounters achieving a ≥50% reduction in NRS score from day 1 preinfusion to day 3 postinfusion. A total of 170 patients were included. The patient encounters analyzed in this study had an overall mean age of 57.0 years and consisted mostly of females (n = 130, 76.5%). A ≥50% reduction in pain score was achieved in 86.9% of encounters. The largest reduction occurred on day 1, with diminishing but continued improvements on days 2 and 3. Adjunctive IV ASMs were not associated with improved response compared to the magnesium and methocarbamol alone (72.4% vs. 75.8%, respectively; p = 0.740). Pain Disability Index scores also improved among patients with follow-up data. A 3-day IV infusion protocol combining magnesium sulfate and methocarbamol, with or without adjunctive ASMs, was associated with rapid, meaningful pain relief in most patients with acute TN pain crises. Larger, prospective studies are warranted to further investigate and confirm the effectiveness of this IV treatment strategy for managing this challenging neurological condition.

To examine the relationship between prenatal vitamin D serum levels and postpartum bleeding. We conducted a retrospective electronic health record cohort study of pregnant Alaska Native and American Indian (ANAI) people in southwestern Alaska who had at least one prenatal vitamin D level measurement recorded and had a vaginal birth between January 2017 and December 2019. Prenatal vitamin D level was the independent variable; postpartum abnormal bleeding and hemorrhage occurrence after a vaginal birth were the primary outcomes. A total of 1343 index pregnancies were included in this study, of which 1258 (94%) had a vaginal birth with 370 (29%) experiencing blood loss ≥500 mL and 127 (10%) ≥1000 mL. Risk factors included prior postpartum hemorrhage, suspected macrosomia, twin gestation, magnesium sulfate use in the setting of pre-eclampsia, induction time >36 h, oxytocin use >12 h and third stage of labor >20 min. Deficient vitamin D levels (under 12 ng/mL) were found in 10.5%, 4.8%, and 5.3% of records in the first, second and third trimesters, respectively. Logistic regression indicated an association between vitamin D level under 12 ng/mL in the first trimester and postpartum bleeding ≥500 mL (n = 540, P = 0.0097, odds ratio [OR] = 2.2). No association was found between abnormal bleeding and being vitamin D deficient in the second and third trimesters. There is a need for further research of vitamin D screening and supplementation before and during pregnancy as a possible risk reduction tool for abnormal postpartum bleeding.

Aims: The aim of this study was to produce an antimicrobial soap with ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Calotropis procera and palm kernel oil. And to compare its antimicrobial activities of the soap with the active ingredients from commercially available antiseptic soaps. Sample: The stem bark of Calotropis procera was collected from Gombe State University campus, Gombe State of Nigeria. This was taken to Botany Department, Gombe State University for identification. The palm kernel oil was purchased from Gombe Main Market, Gombe State, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: the study took at Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Gombe State University in June 2024 Methodology: To determine the quality of the palm kernel oil purchased; saponification value and iodine value of the oil was assessed. The cold process of soap production was used in the soap production. Where palm kernel oil (100 ml) was measured in a beaker and 50ml sodium hydroxide and 25ml sodium carbonate was added to the oil and stirred very well. The plant extract (5 ml) was also added to the mixture and stirred vigorously using a glass rod, and 2.6 g of magnesium sulphate was added in the mixture, 5g of sodium silicate was also added to the mixture and stirred very well. To the mixture, few drops of vanilla essence was added. Physico-chemical parameters of the soap were assessed to determine the quality of prepared formulation against marketed herbal soap. pH, moisture content, total fatty matter, chloride content, foam height, insoluble. This was done to know the quality of the soap produced. To determine the antimicrobial activity of the soap produced, agar well diffusion method was used. Results: The saponification value of the palm kernel oil was found to be 210 mgKOH/g and the iodine value obtained was 63.67 g/100. The soap produced was light brownish in color with a hint of vanilla essence. The pH value was found to be 9, which falls within the stipulated range limit of soap by NAFDAC (9.5-12.0). The foam stability of the soap was found to be 3.5 minutes. The chloride content of the soap produced 0.7 % which is less than that of NAFDAC’s 1%. The total fatty matter of the soap was also done and was found to be 70 %, which is within the stipulated range by NAFDAC (62.0%). The antimicrobial activity of the soap produced were determined against some clinical isolates of pathogenic microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans) using agar diffusion method. The pattern of inhibition varied with the soap concentration and the organisms tested. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activities exhibited by the soap in this study could be attributed to the presence of phytochemical constituents in the crude extract, which signify the potential of the soap as a typical therapeutic agent. These findings therefore, confirmed the medicinal use of the soap prepared using palm kernel oil and the extract of the stem bark of Calotropis procera.

Postpartum eclampsia is an obstetric emergency that poses a diagnostic challenge, as it remains unclear whether this clinical entity should be managed as conventional eclampsia or with a modified protocol. We report a case of a 19-year-old woman who developed postpartum eclampsia without preceding preeclampsia or hypertensive disorders, occurring 12 hours after delivery. The patient was referred to our hospital, and despite appropriate anticonvulsant therapy with magnesium sulfate, recurrent seizures occurred on the second day of treatment. This case highlights that eclampsia can occur without prior pregnancy-related hypertension or prodromal symptoms, suggesting that standard postpartum monitoring may not be sufficient to prevent postpartum eclampsia. Further studies are needed to develop a predictive model for postpartum eclampsia.

ABSTRACT Relaxants are used in abalone aquaculture to facilitate handling, transport and grading stock, with minimal injury, stress, immune suppression and mortality. Benzocaine has been commonly used as an abalone relaxant but negative behavioural responses to exposure have been observed, and in some countries it has a withholding period, precluding its use for rested harvest, so alternatives are needed. We screened seven candidate relaxants (propylene phenoxetol, magnesium sulphate, magnesium chloride, tricaine methanesulphonate (MS‐222), clove oil, AQUI‐S and 2‐phenoxyethanol) and benzocaine on small (1 year old, 18–28 mm shell length) greenlip abalone ( Haliotis laevigata Donovan). We determined the effect of a range of concentrations of each product on abalone and assessed relaxation and recovery times and behavioural responses to exposure to the relaxants. The effect of exposure to these products on abalone growth was evaluated over 90 days after immersion treatment. Adverse effects on behaviour, foot colour, ease of release, relaxation and recovery time, survival or growth were seen using MgSO 4 , MS‐222, clove oil, AQUI‐S and benzocaine. Three products (2‐phenoxyethanol, propylene phenoxetol and MgCl 2 ) met criteria for practical use and are candidates for further investigation for use as relaxants for greenlip abalone aquaculture.

Optimization of culture medium for probiotic bacterium Lacticaseibacillus casei UT1 to enhance biomass production using the Taguchi statistical method.

Background/Objectives: There is a paucity of research studying point-of-care ultrasound in the pregnant population, despite the rising incidence of maternal medical complications and, in particular, preeclampsia. This study sought to compare the inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVC-CI) between patients with preeclampsia with severe features (PECS) and gestational age-matched controls and to assess whether pulse pressure (PP) correlates with IVC-CI in PECS. Methods: This was a prospective pilot study of patients recruited at an inpatient hospital and an outpatient office. The case group included admitted patients with a diagnosis of PECS considered to be stable for prolonged antepartum expectant management. One patient per gestational age week from 23 to 34 weeks with PECS was compared to a gestational age-matched patient without any form of preeclampsia and/or gestational hypertension. Patients on magnesium sulfate, those with multiple gestation, large-for-gestational age fetus, fetal growth restriction, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, and/or an anomalous fetus were excluded. Results: IVC-CI was significantly lower in the PECS group compared with controls (mean 20.1% vs. 48.3%, 95% CI = −0.40–−0.16, p < 0.001). There was an inverse relationship between IVC-CI and pulse pressure in patients with PECS. For each additional 1 mmHg in pulse pressure, the odds of having IVC-CI greater than 50% decreased by 13%. Conclusions: Patients with preeclampsia exhibit detectable changes in inferior vena cava diameter that can be assessed with bedside ultrasound and correlated with maternal PP. Future research should focus on validating these findings and exploring the clinical significance of these measurements.

Introduction: Obstetric complications remain a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly when intensive care is required. This study aimed to analyse the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of these complications. Methods: We conducted a 12-month descriptive and analytical study (March 2024 to February 2025) in the general intensive care unit (ICU) of CHU Gabriel Touré. All women admitted for obstetric complications were included. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS® 22.0. Results: Of 674 ICU admissions, 244 involved obstetric complications (36.2%). Mean age was 25.7 ± 7.1 years. Most patients were housewives (80%) and primigravidae (34.4%); over three-quarters (76.2%) had no antenatal care. Clinical findings included tachycardia (45%), arterial hypertension (45%), hypotension (35%) and anaemia (65%). The main obstetric complications were eclampsia (43%), retroplacental haematoma (36%), haemorrhagic shock (33.6%) and acute kidney injury (22.9%). Management comprised initial stabilisation (100%), oxygen therapy (39.7%), ventilatory support (50%), and blood transfusion (36.5%), predominantly red cell concentrates (65.1%). Magnesium sulphate (29.5%) and antihypertensives (25%) were used; noradrenaline was the vasopressor of choice (98%). Mean length of stay was 2.8 ± 2.32 days. Mortality was 17.6%. Prognostic analysis showed significant associations between mortality and eclampsia (p=0.000; RR=4.65 [2.04–10.62]), acute kidney injury (p=0.000; RR=3.12 [1.83–5.65]) and haemorrhagic shock (p=0.000; RR=2.75 [1.58–4.79]). Conclusion: Obstetric complications are frequent and carry substantial mortality. Strengthening antenatal care and ensuring timely, protocol-driven management are essential to improve maternal outcomes.

Quantitative analysis of seven free short-chain fatty acids in infant formula using GC-MS/MS.

Efficacy and tolerability of magnesium sulfate in children with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the strength evolution and chemical product transformation of coal gangue cement backfilling paste (CGCBP) in the context of mine water containing highly erosive SO4 2- and Mg2+ ions, which significantly impacts CGCBP stability. To address the need for a nuanced understanding of sulfate attack dynamics, we employed experimental soaking tests with varying MgSO4 concentrations (0~10%) and durations (0~120 days), combined with gray correlation analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that sulfate erosion initially enhances CGCBP strength (0~60 days) through pore-filling by ettringite and gypsum, with the 10% MgSO4 group reaching a peak compressive strength of 24.35 MPa at 60 days, accompanied by a dynamic anti-erosion coefficient of up to 1.35. Beyond 60 days, the strength decreases as decalcification of C-S-H and cracking from superimposed expansion products become dominant, with the 10% concentration group showing a 29.32% strength reduction by 90 days. Gray correlation analysis reveals erosion age as the primary factor affecting strength (correlation coefficients: 0.7908 at 60d, 0.7676 at 90d, 0.7427 at 120d), with its influence decreasing linearly over time, while sulfate concentration has a lesser impact (correlation coefficients consistently around 0.61). Microstructural analysis shows that early-stage erosion products (ettringite, gypsum) fill voids and rough interfaces, increasing compactness, whereas late-stage degradation involves C-S-H decalcification, calcium hydroxide consumption, and crack propagation from internal and external stresses. These findings suggest that the negative effects of sulfate erosion may be overstated, particularly in short-term (0~60 days) and low-to-moderate concentration scenarios, and propose three strategies: adjusting raw material proportions to control reactive Al2O3 and CaO content, increasing paste porosity to accommodate expansion products, and using isolation films to prevent acid ion penetration, thereby balancing short-term strength gains and long-term stability in sulfate-rich mining environments.

A 12-hour postpartum magnesium sulfate regimen was a dominant strategy as compared to a 24-hour regimen.

Understanding the behavior of hydrated salts under pressure is essential for interpreting geochemical processes in planetary interiors and for developing (de)hydration-based technologies. In this study, we use density functional theory calculations to investigate the thermodynamics of pressure-induced dehydration in magnesium sulfate hydrates (MgSO4·nH2O, n = 11 and 7), where compression drives the release of water as dense ice polymorphs (such as ice II and VI) and the formation of hydrates with fewer water molecules. Our results show that dehydration becomes thermodynamically favorable at 0.8 GPa for MgSO4·11H2O and 1.1 GPa for MgSO4·7H2O, with ice VI emerging as the dominant crystallization product. Interaction energy analysis identifies interstitial, rather than metal-coordinated, water molecules as the dehydration initiation sites. Unlike thermal dehydration of MgSO4·7H2O, which proceeds via MgSO4·6H2O and water vapor, our calculations indicate that pressure-induced dehydration yields MgSO4·5H2O and dense ice. These results highlight distinct mechanisms of dehydration under temperature and pressure and provide insight into hydrate behavior relevant to both thermochemical technologies and planetary environments.

Blue mold of apple (Penicillium expansum Link) is a serious post-harvest disease affecting apples worldwide, including in India. In the present study, twenty-three (23) isolates of P. expansum were obtained from infected apple fruits collected from different fruit markets across Maharashtra. These isolates were tested for their sensitivity to Thiophanate Methyl on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium, and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined using the food poisoning technique. Six micronutrients, viz., boron acetate, cobalt acetate, copper acetate, iron sulphate, magnesium sulphate, and zinc sulphate, were evaluated for their effectiveness in controlling P. expansum, both individually and in combination with Thiophanate Methyl. In vitro studies revealed that copper acetate showed the highest Percent Control Efficiency (PCE) of 55.00 at 50 µg/ml and 69.23 at 100 µg/ml concentrations. In contrast, magnesium sulphate exhibited the lowest PCE (42.56) at 50 µg/ml, while zinc sulphate showed moderate effectiveness at 100 µg/ml, followed by other micronutrients when compared to Thiophanate Methyl. Overall, PCE values increased with higher concentrations of micronutrients (100 µg/ml) compared to 50 µg/ml. Among them, copper acetate and iron sulphate exhibited significant PCE values of 60.24 and 70.15, respectively, followed by zinc sulphate, boron acetate, magnesium sulphate, and cobalt acetate in decreasing order of effectiveness. In vivo studies demonstrated that boron acetate was most effective at 50 µg/ml (PCE 57.70), while cobalt acetate showed the lowest PCE (47.28). At 100 µg/ml, magnesium sulphate achieved a high PCE value of 68.32. Overall, cobalt acetate consistently recorded the lowest PCE values (53.66 and 63.57 at 50 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml, respectively), whereas the other micronutrients ranged between 58.65–61.50 and 69.22–72.52 at respective concentrations

Preeclampsia and eclampsia are leading causes of maternal mortality, with neurological complications being major contributors. These events are strongly linked to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), which is challenging to diagnose clinically. Invasive ICP monitoring, the gold standard, is often contraindicated in this population due to coagulopathy risks. This review aims to synthesize and critically evaluate the existing literature on the use of ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement as a non-invasive surrogate for ICP monitoring in patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2000 and 2023. Search terms included "preeclampsia," "eclampsia," "intracranial pressure," "optic nerve sheath diameter," and "ultrasonography." The review focused on clinical studies, validation papers, and systematic reviews relevant to the application of ONSD in obstetrics and neurocritical care. The reviewed literature consistently demonstrates a strong anatomical and physiological basis for ONSD as an ICP surrogate. Clinical studies confirm that preeclamptic and eclamptic patients have significantly larger ONSD values compared to healthy pregnant controls, and that these diameters decrease following delivery and magnesium sulfate therapy. Ultrasonographic ONSD measurement is a highly promising, non-invasive tool for identifying raised ICP in preeclampsia. Its integration into clinical practice could facilitate earlier intervention and improve maternal outcomes. Future research should focus on standardizing measurement protocols, establishing definitive cut-off values, and validating its prognostic value in large-scale prospective trials.

Efficacy of a Single-Loading Dose of Magnesium Sulphate in Preventing Convulsions in Women With Eclampsia: A Quasi-experimental Study

Phentolamine versus Magnesium Sulphate for Controlled Hypotension in Patients During Lumbar Spine Fixation Surgery under General Anesthesia

Biogas is a renewable energy source with great potential to replace fossil fuels; however, the presence of CO? and H?S reduces its quality and combustion efficiency, making purification necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CO? absorption using Bittern and alkaline solutions (3N KOH, 3N NaOH) with absorbent volumes ranging from 600 to 1000 ml. The absorption process was carried out in a bubble column, and the gas composition was analyzed using an Orsat apparatus and titration method. The results indicated that increasing absorbent volume reduced CO? concentration to 10–15% and H?S to below 1.2%, while increasing CH? content to more than 80%, in accordance with SNI 8019:2014 biogas standards. Stepwise absorption (Bittern–KOH/NaOH) was more effective than single absorbents, yielding up to 87% CH? and reducing CO? to 10%. XRF analysis of the precipitate showed calcium (84.58%) and magnesium (14%) dominance, confirming carbonate and sulfate precipitation. These findings demonstrate that Bittern and alkaline solutions are effective absorbents for biogas purification, with stepwise absorption providing the most optimal improvement in biogas quality. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):SDG 7: Affordable and Clean EnergySDG 13: Climate Action

BackgroundMagnesium deficiency is common in patients with cirrhosis, but there is a lack of real-world evidence to support the effect of magnesium supplementation on prognosis.ObjectiveTo explore whether magnesium sulfate supplementation is beneficial for patients with cirrhosis using data from the MIMIC-IV database.MethodsPatients with cirrhosis were divided into magnesium sulfate group and non-magnesium sulfate group according to medication use during hospitalization after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). In-hospital all-cause mortality was the primary outcome, and 180-day all-cause mortality was the secondary outcome. Propensity score matching (PSM) method, univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulfate on prognosis, and Kaplan-Meier curves, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to clarify the stability of the results.ResultsThe prematched cohort included 3,312 patients, while the propensity score matched cohort included 1,308 patients. In the PSM analysis, the in-hospital all-cause mortality in the magnesium sulfate group was 22.0% (144/654), and that in the non-use group was 31.0% (203/654). Magnesium sulfate use was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33–0.69; P < 0.001) and reduced all-cause mortality at 180 days after ICU admission (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61; 95% CI, 0.51–0.72; P < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these results.ConclusionMagnesium sulfate use is associated with reduced in-hospital and 180-day all-cause mortality in ICU patients with cirrhosis, which needs to be verified in prospective studies.

ABSTRACTThe physicochemical behavior of L‐Isoleucine in aqueous solutions when two different inorganic electrolytes magnesium nitrate 0.1 m and magnesium sulphate all at the same concentration 0.10 mol/kg are added to the solutions under investigation over the range of concentrations (0.02–0.20 mol/kg) at two temperatures namely 288.15 and 298.15 K in both cases to measure the solutions density (ρ) in 10 mL of specific gravity bottle. Out of these data, a complete set of thermo‐acoustic and volumetric parameters was obtained, viz., adiabatic compressibility (β), nonlinear parameters (B/A), relative association (RA), and surface tension (Ϭ). The findings are the prominent intermolecular interactions that depend on temperature, the concentration of the solute, and the type of electrolyte. The significant reduction in isothermal compressibility with the rise of the concentration and temperature is evidence of good electrostriction effect and contraction of volume in the binary systems. By comparative analysis, it is clear that L‐Isoleucine + system of Mg(NO3)2 undergoes greater solute—solvent interaction, which is confirmed by the fact that surface tension values are higher and compressibility is lower. This work offers new insights into the molecular‐level interactions between amino acids and divalent electrolytes, contributing to the understanding of solvation behavior in biomolecular systems. The findings are relevant for macromolecular chemistry, particularly in the design of biomaterials, protein–electrolyte interactions, and pharmaceutical formulations.