Method In Madness Research Articles

Penerapan Moving Average Pada Prediksi Penjualan Accu

The problem faced by TIO ACCU is the difficulty of providing stock according to consumer needed, it caused every month has difference sale of product. The purpose of this research is to create a battery sales prediction system using the Moving Average method. The Moving Average algorithm used for past sales data doesn’t has seasonal trends or elements. This method is applied to predict the number of battery sales in future periods. The results from 5 periods and validity test with 31 sales data for the MAD method is 3.90, for the MSE method is 20.09, and for the MAPE method is 7.72%. Meanwhile, the results of calculation 7 periods with validity test of 29 sales data for the MAD method is 3.70, the MSE method is 18.90, and for the MAPE method is 7.28%. The test results of the battery sales prediction system using the Moving Average method have run well and optimally with accuracy rate of 92.28% for 5-period predictions and 92.72% for 7-period predictions can be classified as very good criteria, because it has an error rate of less than 10%.

Analisis Return, Risk dan VaR Portofolio Saham JII dengan Metode SIM, MAD dan DD

Before pandemic, Islamic stocks performance (ISSI, JII70, JII) contracted. During pandemic, outperformed JCI and LQ45. JII prospect is good this year, increase 5.81% early 2021, exceeded JCI (4.66%) and LQ45 (4.75%) ytd. This study uses 4 investment scenarios aimed at analyzing and exploring the Return and Risk of the selected JII Portfolio using SIM, MAD, and DD Methods; perform calculations and analyze VaR of the selected JII Portfolio; calculate and analyze the relationship between Return and Risk of the selected JII Portfolio using SIM, MAD, and DD Methods; calculate and analyze the differences in Return and Risk of the selected JII Portfolio using the SIM, MAD, and DD Methods. The research methods are SIM, MAD, DD, VaR, Correlation-Test and Difference-Test. The results of the study of the highest return of each method resulted in scenario 2, the highest risk of each method resulted in a scenario of 33.3% investment proportion, the highest VaR resulted in scenario 2. Test-correlation method in calculating returns: there is no significant relationship between the SIM-MAD and DD-MAD methods, there is a significant positive relationship between the SIM-DD method.

Book review: Parameswaran Iyer, Method in the Madness: Insights from My Career as an Insider-Outsider-Insider

Parameswaran Iyer, Method in the Madness: Insights from My Career as an Insider-Outsider-Insider. Noida: HarperCollins, 2021, 274 pp., ₹370.00 (paperback), ISBN: 9789390327560.

Dexamethasone and remdesivir: finding method in the COVID-19 madness

Dexamethasone and remdesivir: finding method in the COVID-19 madness

Geochemical mapping in stream sediments of the Carajás Mineral Province: Background values for the Itacaiúnas River watershed, Brazil

Multi-elemental analysis of high-density (regional-scale) geochemical surveys is an important strategy for multi-purpose applications, particularly in addressing geochemical background concentrations in different sampling media. This approach was applied to the Itacaiúnas River Watershed (IRW), which is situated in the most prominent mining area of Brazil, the Carajás Mineral Province. Microcatchment-based mapping (~50 km2 each) covering the whole extent of IRW was delimited using remote sensing techniques and targeted for sampling. A total of 788 samples, including 27 duplicates, were collected in 2017. The <0.177 mm fraction of all samples was digested by aqua regia and 51 elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Geochemical maps for Fe and potentially toxic elements (PTE; As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, and Zn) and microcatchment-based distribution maps based on threshold values were constructed for the whole IRW. The stream sediment geochemistry is mainly controlled by the local geologic setting and underlying lithology. Geochemical background (GB) values for 43 elements in stream sediments of the IRW were determined by a variety of methods (Tukey's inner fences -TIF, median ± 2*median absolute deviation - MAD, and percentile-based techniques). The results provided from the different methods show a wide range of values, with the MAD method being considered the most appropriate for deriving GB concentrations. A comparison of reference levels for PTE contemplated in the Brazilian regulation in stream sediments, the threshold concentrations obtained for the IRW area, and different study cases around the world is presented in detail. Our findings provide not only valuable information for selecting potential areas for mineral exploration surveys, but also for evaluating geochemical contaminant effects with time-varying treatments. Studies conducted to determine background values at regional scale are needed for environmental decision making, as well as to attest actions in cases of potential contamination. In the absence of these studies, misleading interpretations of the magnitude of contamination levels in a certain area may cause under- or overestimation of ecological and/or human-health risks of PTE.

On the Adoption and Supply of Bitcoin: An Empirical Analysis

Many pundits have alluded to cryptocurrencies as a bubble or Ponzi scheme. Yet, noted economists have long emphasized the need for competing currencies, and the usage of Bitcoin is high in countries where the fiat currency has experienced significant devaluation. With no central authority backing Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, what are the drivers of trust, demand, and market value of such currencies? The literature has posited hashrate, the speed of computations in Bitcoin mining, as a key factor contributing to user confidence due to increased security. Drawing upon the literature on technology adoption and network effects, we hypothesize Bitcoin related development activities on GitHub, and the size of the active user base, a proxy for network effects, as additional drivers of trust, demand, and price. With a comprehensive dataset we created from a large number of sources, we demonstrate that contrary to common wisdom, hashrate (which determines the cost of production) has no effect on either demand or price of Bitcoin. Instead, we find that the demand for Bitcoin and 19 other cryptocurrencies is primarily driven by technological progress in their open-source codebase on GitHub, and the size of their active user base. Further, new features and delays in addressing open issues have positive and negative impacts on demand respectively. Through text mining on data collected from online Bitcoin forums, we find strong associations between (i) GitHub activities and trust, and (ii) network effects and trust in the currency. Overall we establish a unique set of relationships between supply, demand, and price, and underscore the critical role of continuous technological progress in driving demand. Though many have alluded to cryptocurrencies as a baseless phenomenon involving “investor madness”, we find that there are rules governing their supply and demand and that there is “a method in (this) madness”

An introduction to experimental phasing of macromolecules illustrated by SHELX; new autotracing features.

For the purpose of this article, experimental phasing is understood to mean the determination of macromolecular structures by exploiting small intensity differences of Friedel opposites and possibly of reflections measured at different wavelengths or for heavy-atom derivatives, without the use of specific structural models. The SHELX programs provide a robust and efficient route for routine structure solution by the SAD, MAD and related methods, but involve a number of simplifying assumptions that may limit their applicability in borderline cases. The substructure atoms (i.e. those with significant anomalous scattering) are first located by direct methods, and the experimental data are then used to estimate phase shifts that are added to the substructure phases to obtain starting phases for the native reflections. These are then improved by density modification and, if the resolution of the data and the type of structure permit, polyalanine tracing. A number of extensions to the tracing algorithm are discussed; these are designed to improve its performance at low resolution. Given native data to 2.5 Å resolution or better, a correlation coefficient greater than 25% between the structure factors calculated from such a trace and the native data is usually a good indication that the structure has been solved.

ICT and the English Language: The Defective Impact of Text Messaging and E-Mailing

This paper examined the various innovations occasioned by the global study of English language and observed the challenges posed to effective writing by products of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) such as the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and E-mail. In what seems like a ‘method in madness’, the paper identified an emerging written language of the E-mail and (GSM) via the Iexemes, morphemes, syntax and mechanics of punctuations (capitalization and spacing), and use of symbols in sampled messages written in English in the Short Message Service (SMS) and E-mail. Despite the advantages of electronic-English, it introduces many problems. Among these are: arbitrary use of affixation, consequent difficulties with well-formed sentences as well as with mechanics. Most importantly, there is the overall chaotic effect of these coinages. The paper called on writers using the English medium to strive to stick to the original and keep the written language of E-mail and GMS out of formal writing so that it will not lead to the extinction of formal writing.Key Words: ICT, text-messaging, GSM, E-mailing, and Internet

Stepwise regression for recognition of geochemical anomalies: Case study in Takab area, NW Iran

Stream sediment geochemical data represent compositional materials derived from various sources, including single or multiple lithologic units, soil types, rocks types, etc. In order to delineate geochemical anomalies, stream sediment geochemical data are usually subjected to suitable multivariate analysis, and not simply using univariate threshold values because these are not reliable for delineation of geochemical anomalies in areas with complex geological units. Relationships among multiple major/trace elements and rock types are more important than single major/trace elements for delineation of geochemical anomalies. In this study we present an approach based on robust stepwise multiple regression using values major oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, and MgO) in stream sediments to predict elemental content related to rock types and to recognize geochemical anomalies. The major/trace element data were subjected to isometric logratio transformation to address the compositional data closure problem. For further examination of the stepwise regression method, its performance was compared to robust principal components analysis (RPCA), median+2MAD and concentration-area (C-A) fractal methods. The results show that multi-element anomalies obtained by the stepwise regression method, compared to those obtained by the other methods, have stronger spatial association with the known deposits, such as Chichaklo and Ay-Ghale-Si in the Takab 1:25,000 scale geological map (NW) Iran, and the anomalies have stronger spatial correlation with structural features and prospects, and thus can be used as guides to new exploration targets.

Combining cross-crystal averaging and MRSAD to phase a 4354-amino-acid structure.

The B and C proteins from the ABC toxin complex of Yersinia entomophaga form a large heterodimer that cleaves and encapsulates the C-terminal toxin domain of the C protein. Determining the structure of the complex formed by B and the N-terminal region of C was challenging owing to its large size, the non-isomorphism of different crystals and their sensitivity to radiation damage. A native data set was collected to 2.5 Å resolution and a non-isomorphous Ta6Br12-derivative data set was collected that showed strong anomalous signal at low resolution. The tantalum-cluster sites could be found, but the anomalous signal did not extend to a high enough resolution to allow model building. Selenomethionine (SeMet)-derivatized protein crystals were produced, but the high number (60) of SeMet sites and the sensitivity of the crystals to radiation damage made phasing using the SAD or MAD methods difficult. Multiple SeMet data sets were combined to provide 30-fold multiplicity, and the low-resolution phase information from the Ta6Br12 data set was transferred to this combined data set by cross-crystal averaging. This allowed the Se atoms to be located in an anomalous difference Fourier map; they were then used in Auto-Rickshaw for multiple rounds of autobuilding and MRSAD.

Method in madness

Method in madness

A comparison of methods used to calculate normal background concentrations of potentially toxic elements for urban soil

To meet the requirements of regulation and to provide realistic remedial targets there is a need for the background concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils to be considered when assessing contaminated land. In England, normal background concentrations (NBCs) have been published for several priority contaminants for a number of spatial domains however updated regulatory guidance places the responsibility on Local Authorities to set NBCs for their jurisdiction. Due to the unique geochemical nature of urban areas, Local Authorities need to define NBC values specific to their area, which the national data is unable to provide. This study aims to calculate NBC levels for Gateshead, an urban Metropolitan Borough in the North East of England, using freely available data. The ‘median+2MAD’, boxplot upper whisker and English NBC (according to the method adopted by the British Geological Survey) methods were compared for test PTEs lead, arsenic and cadmium.Due to the lack of systematically collected data for Gateshead in the national soil chemistry database, the use of site investigation (SI) data collected during the planning process was investigated. 12,087 SI soil chemistry data points were incorporated into a database and 27 comparison samples were taken from undisturbed locations across Gateshead. The SI data gave high resolution coverage of the area and Mann–Whitney tests confirmed statistical similarity for the undisturbed comparison samples and the SI data.SI data was successfully used to calculate NBCs for Gateshead and the median+2MAD method was selected as most appropriate by the Local Authority according to the precautionary principle as it consistently provided the most conservative NBC values. The use of this data set provides a freely available, high resolution source of data that can be used for a range of environmental applications.

Metabolic dysregulation in monogenic disorders and cancer - finding method in madness.

Cancer is a prime example of a disease process in which carcinogenic and metabolic changes are intertwined to promote cell survival and growth. One approach to unravel this complex relationship is by studying rare, monogenic disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding metabolic enzymes or regulators. There are hundreds of these diseases, most of which manifest in childhood and are collectively termed 'inborn errors of metabolism' (IEMs). Several IEMs demonstrate the consequences of chronic, systemic loss of a particular metabolic activity that can result in malignancy. In this Opinion article, we present a conceptual categorization of IEMs associated with cancer and discuss how assessment of these rare diseases might inform us about the biological foundations of common types of cancer and opportunities for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

PROXIMA 2A: A New Micro-focus Beamline for Macromolecular Crystallography

PROXIMA 2A is a new micro-focus and energy tunable beamline dedicated to biological macromolecular crystallography at Synchrotron SOLEIL. The beamline officially opened in March 2013, and its first year of user operation has yielded excellent results. The X-ray source is a powerful in-vacuum U24 undulator coupled to a cryo-cooled Si[111] channel-cut monochromator and a pair of focussing bimorph mirrors in Kirpatrick-Baez configuration. This combination delivers a photon flux of over 10**12 ph/s into a focal spot of 10 μm × 5 μm (H×V FWHM), which is tunable over 6 – 15 keV. The supports of the optical elements have been designed to minimise the effects of vibrations and thermal dilations on the X-ray beam position, which is stable to within 5 microns over a day. The experimental station consists of a high performance micro-diffractometer, a cryostream, an area detector (ADSC Q315r), and an X-ray fluorescence detector. The X-ray energies for MAD experiments are directly calibrated on the sample. A robot equipped with a large 9 uni-puck dewar (CATS Irelec) is available to users for the automated transfer and screening of cryo-cooled samples. The users launch their experiments via an MXCuBE interface [1], which permits the centering of the sample, collecting of diffraction images, recording of X-ray spectra and the transfer of samples. The X-ray diffraction data are of an excellent quality, and the users readily exploit the micro-focused X-rays to select the best zones of their crystals. The first year of results from users has yielded a variety of success stories including novel protein structures resolved from crystals as small as 5 microns, as well as those solved by SAD &amp; MAD methods. The future perspectives include automated helical and grid scans, in situ plate screening and multi-crystal merging techniques.

A loose domain swapping organization confers a remarkable stability to the dimeric structure of the arginine binding protein from Thermotoga maritima.

The arginine binding protein from Thermatoga maritima (TmArgBP), a substrate binding protein (SBP) involved in the ABC system of solute transport, presents a number of remarkable properties. These include an extraordinary stability to temperature and chemical denaturants and the tendency to form multimeric structures, an uncommon feature among SBPs involved in solute transport. Here we report a biophysical and structural characterization of the TmArgBP dimer. Our data indicate that the dimer of the protein is endowed with a remarkable stability since its full dissociation requires high temperature as well as SDS and urea at high concentrations. In order to elucidate the atomic level structural properties of this intriguing protein, we determined the crystallographic structures of the apo and the arginine-bound forms of TmArgBP using MAD and SAD methods, respectively. The comparison of the liganded and unliganded models demonstrates that TmArgBP tertiary structure undergoes a very large structural re-organization upon arginine binding. This transition follows the Venus Fly-trap mechanism, although the entity of the re-organization observed in TmArgBP is larger than that observed in homologous proteins. Intriguingly, TmArgBP dimerizes through the swapping of the C-terminal helix. This dimer is stabilized exclusively by the interactions established by the swapping helix. Therefore, the TmArgBP dimer combines a high level of stability and conformational freedom. The structure of the TmArgBP dimer represents an uncommon example of large tertiary structure variations amplified at quaternary structure level by domain swapping. Although the biological relevance of the dimer needs further assessments, molecular modelling suggests that the two TmArgBP subunits may simultaneously interact with two distinct ABC transporters. Moreover, the present protein structures provide some clues about the determinants of the extraordinary stability of the biomolecule. The availability of an accurate 3D model represents a powerful tool for the design of new TmArgBP suited for biotechnological applications.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a novel β-L-arabinofuranosidase (HypBA1) from Bifidobacterium longum.

The β-L-arabinofuranosidase (HypBA1) from Bifidobacterium longum JCM 1217 hydrolyzes the β-1,2-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide to release L-arabinoses. HypBA1 was classified into glycoside hydrolase family 127 (GH127) by the CAZy website (http://www.cazy.org/). The enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli and the purified recombinant protein was crystallized. Crystals belonging to the primitive hexagonal space group P3x21, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 75.9, c = 254.0Å, were obtained by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method and diffracted to 2.78Å resolution. A BLASTP search (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) of the Protein Data Bank did not reveal any similar crystal structures. Structural determination by using SeMet MAD and MIR methods is in progress.

Valoración probabilística versus borrosa, opciones reales y el modelo binomial. Aplicación para proyectos de inversión en condiciones de ambigüedad

The aim of this paper is to present the methodology, advantages and weakness of the fuzzy binomial real option model as a complement to the probabilistic binomial model. The structure is as follow: first, it shows the real option models classified into probabilistic and fuzzy. Second, it develops the binomial fuzzy model, incorporating: the MAD method (Marketed Asset Disclaimer); fuzzy binomial lattice, and the pessimistic-optimistic index for estimates of the real option expected value of the project (ROEV). It illustrates, using a case comparing, the results obtained with the fuzzy and probabilistic model. It concludes that in lack of information situations (ambiguity), the fuzzy logic is a complement of the probabilistic model for estimates of the strategic flexibility value.

Method in Madness: Recontextualizing the Destruction of Churches in the Fatimid Era

The reign of al-Hakim bi-ʾAmr Allah (r. 996-1021) is often dismissed as a psychotic blip in the history of multiconfessional relations in the medieval Islamic world. Al-Hakim infamously embarked on a large-scale destruction of churches in his realm, including the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem. This article draws on a variety of sources to argue that rather than being reductively attributable to a personal psychological imbalance, al-Hakim’s dramatically negative treatment of churches signaled a general shift from an esoteric form of Ismaili Shiʿism to one more appealing to the broader Islamic umma.

EPA-1065 – There is a method in madness: are affective disorders and affective temperaments evolutionally adaptive?

In spite of the great burden and adaptive disadvantage associated with them, psychiatric illnesses do not become extinct over time with evolution. The most investigated and accepted explanation for this is that the genes encoding for risk of psychiatric illnesses also encode for traits determining greater adaptational and evolutionary success, most observable in healthy first degree relatives of psychiatric patients, sharing overlapping genotypes and exhibiting attenuated manifestations of the relevant endophenotypes. Besides the burden associated with affective illness, the advantage of genes and related (endo)phenotypes is observable on the individual and group/social level aiding several aspects of survival and reproduction. In order to gain deeper insight into the advantageous and disadvantageous sides of mood disorders as distinct integral entities, decomposing these illnesses into smaller and more easily characterizable phenomena such as their affective temperamental bases may reveal how these disorders carry multiple possibly adaptive aspects. Furthermore, in a recent paper, a parallel pattern of distribution was found between the relative frequency of certain dominant affective temperaments and relative scores on Hofstede's cultural indexes investigating data from six countries. Matching distributions for scores were identified for depressive temperament and individualism-collectivism, hyperthymic temperament and uncertainty avoidance, and irritable temperament and power distance. These findings indicate an important relationship between affective temperaments and cultural dimensions, suggesting that these phenomena may be the manifestations of the same genetically determined predispositions in different forms, and that affective temperaments, also considered the precursors of affective illness, play a role on social-cultural evolution and adaptation as well.

There is Method in the Madness!

There is Method in the Madness!