Macroscopic Conditions Research Articles

Combination Compositions Composed of l-Glutamine and Si-Jun-Zi-Tang Might Be a Preferable Choice for 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis: An Exploration in a Mouse Model.

Intestinal mucositis is a common toxicity of many anti-neoplastic therapies that negatively influences health, the quality of life, economic outcomes, and even the success of cancer treatment. Unfortunately, there is presently no optimal medicine that is able to effectively manage this condition. l-glutamine is one of the most frequently used agent in practice among the limited treatment choices due to its safety and inexpensiveness despite there being a lack of evidence. Previous studies indicated that l-glutamine may alleviate mucositis and mucosal atrophy but failed to improve patients' macroscopic conditions, such as the occurrence of diarrhea. A compound glutamine capsule (G-SJZ), composed of l-glutamine and the traditional Chinese herbal formula Si-Jun-Zi-Tang, has been used in China for 23 years to treat many types of gastrointestinal diseases, including gastrointestinal reactions induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the exact effect of G-SJZ on intestinal mucositis is unclear, and moreover, whether l-glutamine combined with Si-Jun-Zi-Tang is more effective than l-glutamine alone have not been studied. In the current study, we explored the effects of G-SJZ and l-glutamine in a mouse model of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). The results revealed that pretreatment with G-SJZ ameliorated the physical manifestations of weight loss and the severity of diarrhea following continuous 5-Fu injections in mice. Likewise, the histopathological damage and the destruction of villus and crypt structures in the intestinal mucosa as well as the increase in circulating intestinal injury markers caused by 5-Fu were reversed with G-SJZ pretreatment. Furthermore, the protective effect of G-SJZ was accompanied by modulations in the immunohistochemical expression of tight junction proteins. Interestingly, although treatment with a dose of l-glutamine alone that was equivalent to the dose in G-SJZ also showed a protective effect, it did not appear to be as strong as treatment with G-SJZ. Si-Jun-Zi-Tang in G-SJZ may compensate for the deficiencies of l-glutamine in this model which seems not to be related to the regulation of tight junction proteins. Our study is the first to suggest that the combined use of l-glutamine and Si-Jun-Zi-Tang might be more effective than l-glutamine alone despite exact mechanism still needs further study. Because of the limited number of therapeutic agents, G-SJZ is likely to be a preferable choice for intestinal mucositis.

Lithium Plating: How Mathematics Can Help to Identify Fast-Charging Limits

With their growing importance in the market of electric vehicles and energy storage, a more comprehensive evaluation of Li-ion batteries behavior has become necessary for the power sources industry. Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation have become standard techniques in Li-ion battery research and development, with the purpose of studying the issues of batteries, including performance and ageing, and consequently increasing the predictability of model-based life expectancy. The efficient and fast charging of Li-ion batteries remains at the moment one of the most delicate challenges for the automotive and energy industries, being seriously affected by the formation of lithium metal on the surface of the anode during charge. This degradation process is called lithium plating and happens to be very damaging for the mechanical and chemical integrity of the battery, which not only sees its capacity lowered but could also incur serious damage and the risk of explosion. It is very difficult to detect lithium plating in situ without a direct observation of the open cell, but it is possible to deduce its presence by analyzing the cell behavior during cycles of charge/discharge in critical conditions and detecting some peculiarities which have been shown to indicate plating. The most common hints are a voltage plateau due to lithium oxidation during discharge at constant temperature and a voltage drop due to re-intercalation of metallic lithium during heating of the cell. On the other hand, the absence of any evidence of changes in voltage should not be considered as proof of evidence of a complete absence of lithium plating.Following our development of a comprehensive modelling and simulation framework for a commercial 0.35 Ah high-power lithium-ion pouch cell with LCO/NCA blend cathode1, here we present an extended pseudo-3D (P3D) model in which a lithium plating reaction has been integrated and parameterized. An extended bibliographic research helped us in choosing suitable parameters for modelling the plating kinetics. The model is now able to describe and predict both the equilibrium potentials and the non-equilibrium kinetics of the competing intercalation and plating reactions for arbitrary macroscopic operating conditions (C-rate, temperature, SOC). A relatively simple and common way to assess plating risk with P2D models is to compare the simulated local anode potential ΔΦ an with the thermodynamic plating condition of ΔΦ Li eq = 0 V, but this approach shows several pitfalls that have not been well discussed in literature. These issues have been included and discussed in detail in the present model, which has carefully been built to consider the effects of temperature, pressure and ion concentration on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the plating reaction. Consequently, this model also allows the creation of operation maps and an accurate spatiotemporal analysis of the competing reactions and lithium plating formation at the electrode-pair scale (1D, mesoscale) and intraparticle scale (1D, microscale) over a wide range of conditions. The governing equations for this model are implemented in the in-house multiphysics software package DENIS. The electrochemistry model is based on the use of the open-source chemical kinetics code CANTERA, enabling the thermodynamically consistent description of the main and side reactions, which is coupled to the DENIS transport model via the chemistry source terms.To validate our extended model, we also simulated and successfully reproduced the experimental data from Ecker et al. 2 for 1C charge-discharge at different temperatures. The unavoidable differences are due to the different size and characteristics of Ecker’s battery, measured experimentally (40 Ah high-power lithium-ion pouch cell with NMC cathode) and our virtual battery (0.35 Ah high-power lithium-ion pouch cell with LCO/NCA blend cathode).

Effective stress jump across membranes

A macroscopic condition to simulate the interaction between an incompressible fluid flow and a permeable micro-structured rigid surface (i.e. a thin membrane) has been developed using multiscale homogenization and matching asymptotic expansions between the near membrane and the far region. The condition allows us to write the fluid velocity across the membrane, seen macroscopically as a smooth equivalent surface, as an effective jump between the stresses computed on the two faces of this surface. The coefficients appearing in the jump condition are the entries of tensors which solve Stokes problems within the pores, enforced by boundary conditions depending on the flow outside the membrane. These problems, found via homogenization, definitely characterize the microscopic geometrical properties of thin permeable micro-structured sheets. The new macroscopic model is validated by comparisons with direct numerical simulations of the fluid flow across membranes in different configurations, proving that the formalism adopted to write the jump conditions is valid. As a result, a rational tool able to join a microscopic and a macroscopic analysis of fluid flows across membranes is delivered, showing some potentialities to provide advancement in membrane design. It suggests that the concept of permeability has to be substituted by a more general tensor, called here the Navier tensor, which plays the role of permeability only in some particular situations.

Viscoplastic drop impact on thin films

We use high-speed imaging to study the effect of thixotropic aging in drop impact of yield-stress fluids on pre-coated substrates. Our results reveal that drop splashing is suppressed for "aged" compared to "unaged" samples, indicating that thixotropic breakdown timescales during impact are long enough to affect the dynamics. We propose and test several hypotheses for modifying the dimensionless group ${\rm IF}(D/t)$ [1,2] to account for thixotropic aging. The main challenge is that the steady flow properties (Herschel-Bulkley model parameters) used in the current dimensionless group cannot be defined or measured for thixotropically aged samples, because any deformation inherently rejuvenates and breaks down the microstructure. We find the most suitable hypothesis is to only increase the yield stress ($\sigma_{\rm y}$, plastic component) based on the storage modulus of aged samples, while keeping the viscous parameters ($K$ or $\eta_{\infty}$) constant. The work reveals fundamental insight into rarely studied short-timescale flow conditions with thixotropic effects. These results are important for applications such as fire suppression or spray coating that involve complex fluids of varying degrees of thixotropic aging.

Thermal dark matter abundance under non-standard macroscopic conditions in the early universe

The standard theoretical estimation of the thermal dark matter abundance may be significantly altered if properties of dark matter particles in the early universe and at the present cosmological epoch differ. This may happen if, e.g., a cosmological phase existed in the early universe during which dark matter particles were temporarily unstable and their abundance was reduced through their decays. We argue that a large class of microscopic theories which are rejected due to the dark matter overproduction, may actually be viable theories if certain macroscopic conditions were satisfied in the early universe. We explicitly demonstrate our mechanism within the minimal supersymmetric standard model with the bino-like lightest supersymmetric particle being a phenomenologically viable dark matter candidate under the condition that the early universe carried a global R-charge which induced the instability phase.

Kinetic relaxation to entropy based coupling conditions for isentropic flow on networks

We consider networks for isentropic gas and prove existence of weak solutions for a large class of coupling conditions. First, we construct approximate solutions by a vector-valued BGK model with a kinetic coupling function. Introducing so-called kinetic invariant domains and using the method of compensated compactness justifies the relaxation towards the isentropic gas equations. We will prove that certain entropy flux inequalities for the kinetic coupling function remain true for the traces of the macroscopic solution. These inequalities define the macroscopic coupling condition. Our techniques are also applicable to networks with arbitrary many junctions which may possibly contain circles. We give several examples for coupling functions and prove corresponding entropy flux inequalities. We prove also new existence results for solid wall boundary conditions and pipelines with discontinuous cross-sectional area.

Pathology change of dropsy syndrome in Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio) at IBAT Punten Batu

Dropsy can be identified from loose scales from the body of a fish. Dropsy fish are having trouble swimming, breathe, and has a bulging belly. Bad water conditions can trigger Dropsy symptom in Koi fish. The method in this examination, make macroscopic observations that are compared with the literature and proceed by making histopathological preparations with daily routine staining which is then observed microscopically. Number of sample is one fish, sampling with a big population. The purpose of this study is to examine macroscopic and microscopic pathological conditions on fish with dropsy syndrome. The organs examined include the gills, skins, and kidney. Pathological changes that occur in these organs are hyperplasia, telangiectasia, dermatitis, and granuloma nephritis. The conclusion of this research, that Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) positive suspect Dropsy Syndrome.

Momentum-Dependent Spin Splitting by Collinear Antiferromagnetic Ordering

We clarify the macroscopic symmetry and microscopic model-parameter conditions for emergence of spin-split electronic band structure in collinear antiferromagnets without atomic spin-orbit coupling. By using the microscopic multipole descriptions, we elucidate the fundamental degree of freedom in a cluster unit of an antiferromagnet giving rise to an effective spin-orbit interaction through the anisotropic kinetic motions of electrons. We show a correspondence of the ordering patterns and resultant momentum-dependent spin splitting for 32 crystallographic point groups after demonstrating two intuitive examples of four-sublattice pyrochlore and tetragonal systems. Our study unveils potential features of collinear antiferromagnets with considerably weak spin-orbit coupling in light-element materials and 3$d$ transition metal oxides, which can be utilized for a spin-current generation by electric (thermal) current and a magneto-striction effect.

A multi-scale and multi-medium numerical model of a multi-fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoir of daqing oil field

The macroscopic geological conditions and microscopic pore characteristics of tight oil reservoirs are always complex. A multi-medium and multi-scale numerical model which can best embody tight oil reservoir features for a multi–fractured horizontal well (MFHW) is hard to establish. Without a reasonable numerical model, the evaluation and adjustment of a MFHW in a tight oil reservoir are difficult to fulfil. Based on the experiment results, geological data and construction parameters of the Pu34 well area, this paper establishes a multi-scale and multi-medium numerical model of a MFHW, Well X, in Daqing Oil Field and simulates the development effect of Well X after refracturing measurement. The results show that three types of reservoirs and four kinds of pore media exist in the Pu 34 area. The history match shows the numerical model works well. By using this numerical model, the Well X, after re-fracturing, would perform better than without re-fracturing in the early stage of production period, and it also increases the cumulative oil production by 223t after production of 10 years. In economy regard, it has faster oil recovery rate which is helpful for company to recover the investment cost of this well.

ShakeMap modelling for the 1568 Shaanxi Gaoling Earthquake, China

Scenarios of earthquakes play an important role in planning and coordinating emergency response, seismic risk management, and identifying exposure of structures, lifelines, and utilities. We describe the calculation of distributions of ground shaking that might be generated if the 1568 Shaanxi Gaoling M~7 earthquake were to recur. In order to adjust the Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) for the local conditions, we use the ShakeMap software to calculate a scenario of the nearby 1556 Huaxian M8¼ earthquake, for which the distribution of isoseismals is constrained by historical records. We use the ASK13 GMPEs, and find that, by augmenting the resulting ground shaking by 50% of its standard deviation, we can satisfactorily reproduce the historical observations. This scheme is then applied to the calculation of a scenario ShakeMap for the 1568 Shaanxi Gaoling M6¾ earthquake. The rupture parameters of the seismogenic faults for each of these scenarios are determined from field observations. The macroscopic seismic site conditions for this area are calculated from the topographic gradient Vs30 model of Wald and Allen [1]. The resultant scenario ShakeMap provides the basis for the calculations of seismic hazard and risk for Weinan city and its surroundings, which are described elsewhere in this issue.

Nonequilibrium chemical potentials of steady-state lattice gas models in contact: A large-deviation approach.

We introduce a general framework to describe the stationary state of two driven systems exchanging particles or mass through a contact, in a slow exchange limit. The definition of chemical potentials for the systems in contact requires that the large-deviation function describing the repartition of mass between the two systems is additive, in the sense of being a sum of contributions from each system. We show that this additivity property does not hold for an arbitrary contact dynamics, but is satisfied on condition that a macroscopic detailed balance condition holds at contact, and that the coarse-grained contact dynamics satisfies a factorization property. However, the nonequilibrium chemical potentials of the systems in contact keep track of the contact dynamics, and thus do not obey an equation of state. These nonequilibrium chemical potentials can be related either to the equilibrium chemical potential, or to the nonequilibrium chemical potential of the isolated systems. Results are applied both to an exactly solvable driven lattice gas model and to the Katz-Lebowitz-Spohn model using a numerical procedure to evaluate the chemical potential. The breaking of the additivity property is also illustrated on the exactly solvable model.

Assessing size effects on the deformation of nanovoids in metallic materials

An experimental methodology is developed to evaluate size effects in nanovoids deformation under macroscopic uniaxial stress loading conditions. Quantitative evaluation of voids deformation as a function of voids size shows both a crystallographic effect, albeit small compared to the scatter, and no evidence of size effects for voids diameter larger than 10 nm, while a slight effect is present for smaller voids. Critical assessment of the data in light of theoretical models indicates that these results may be compatible with the presence of a hardened layer at the void/matrix interface, which is illustrated through finite element simulations accounting for surface tension.

In silico study of cuspid' periodontal ligament damage under parafunctional and traumatic conditions of whole-mouth occlusions. A patient-specific evaluation

Background and objectiveAlthough traumatic loading has been associated with periodontal ligament (PDL) damage and therefore with several oral disorders, the damage phenomena and the traumatic loads involved are still unclear. The complex composition and extremely thin size of the PDL make experimentation difficult, requiring computational studies that consider the macroscopic loading conditions, the microscopic composition and fine detailed geometry of the tissue. In this study, a new methodology to analyse the damage phenomena in the collagen network and the extracellular matrix of the PDL caused by parafunctional and traumatic occlusal forces was proposed. MethodsThe entire human mandible and a portion thereof containing a full cuspid tooth were separately modelled using finite element analysis based on computed tomography and micro-computed tomography images, respectively. The first model was experimentally validated by occlusion analysis and subjected to the muscle loads produced during hard and soft chewing, traumatic cuspid occlusion, grinding, clenching, and simultaneous grinding and clenching. The occlusal forces computed by the first model were subsequently applied to the single tooth model to evaluate damage to the collagen network and the extracellular matrix of the PDL. ResultsEarly occlusal contact on the left cuspid tooth guided the mandible to the more occluded side (16.5% greater in the right side) and absorbed most of the lateral load. The intrusive occlusal loads on the posterior teeth were 0.77–13.3% greater than those on the cuspid. According to our findings, damage to the collagen network and the extracellular matrix of the PDL could occur in traumatic and grinding conditions, mainly due to fibre overstretching (>60%) and interstitial fluid overpressure (>4.7 kPa), respectively. ConclusionsOur findings provide important biomechanical insights into the determination of damage mechanisms which are caused by mechanical loading and the key role of the porous-fibrous behaviour of the PDL in parafunctional and traumatic loading scenarios. Besides, the 3D loading conditions computed from occlusal contacts will help future studies in the design of new orthodontics appliances and encourage the application of computing methods in medical practice.

Coal seam development characteristics and distribution predictions in marginal sea basins: Oligocene Yacheng Formation coal measures, Qiongdongnan Basin, northern region of the South China Sea

Coal measures located in marginal sea basins are important hydrocarbon source rocks. For the purpose of effectively guiding future oil and gas exploration, the characteristics and distribution patterns of coal seams in coal measures of a marginal sea basin are systematically outlined. Coal measures in marginal sea basins can have large thicknesses, but the individual coal seams can be very thin and lack lateral continuity. In the study area, the organic micro-components of the coal are dominated by vitrinite, with very low amounts of inertinite and liptinite. The amount of inorganic microscopic components is large, but with limited drilling results, few cores and thin coal seams, which are easily overlooked during logging activities, a comprehensive analysis of the logging data may improve efficiency in coal-seam identification and thickness determination. The development and distribution of coal seams in marginal sea basins are controlled by various factors, including (1) paleoclimatic and paleobotanic conditions, which could fundamentally limit coal formation, (2) coal-forming sedimentary environmental conditions that may limit the scope of coal-seam development from a macroscopic perspective, and (3) paleotectonic and paleotopographic conditions that define the coal-forming structures. Therefore, the descending and rising cycles of base-levels, along with changes in the growth rates of the accommodation spaces, can be used to determine the horizons that are potentially favourable for coal formation and can also indicate the migration trends of coal-forming environments on the structural plane. Seismic wave impedance inversion methods could be utilised for semi-quantitative assistance for prediction of coal seams. In summary, for models of coal-seam development in marginal sea basins, the grades should be divided according to reliability, and the different reliability levels should be predicted separately.The characteristics of coal seams developed in marginal sea basins are described.The macerals of coals developed in marginal sea basins have been ascertained.A development model and distribution prediction method for coal seams are assessed according to the control factors.A model for the prediction of coal-seam distribution is presented.

Deformation Behavior of Transient Liquid-Phase Sintered Cu-Solder-Resin Microstructure for Die-Attach

We have proposed a low-temperature bonding technology utilizing the sintering of Cu particles with transient liquid-phase of Sn-based solder, called transient liquid-phase sintering (TLPS), as a die-attach solution for high-temperature power modules. A copper-intermetallic compound-resin (Cu-IMC-resin) microstructure, which consists of Cu particles connected with Cu–Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) partially filled with polyimide resin, is obtained by the pressureless TLPS process at 250 °C for 1 min using a novel Cu-solder-resin composite as the bonding material in a nitrogen atmosphere. Macro- and micro-deformation properties of the unique microstructure of the TLPS Cu-IMC-resin are evaluated by finite element analysis using a three-dimensional image reconstruction model. The macroscopic computational uniaxial tensile tests of the Cu-IMC-resin model reveal that the utilization of the IMCs and the addition of the easily-deformable resin facilitates the temperature-stability and low-stiffness of the mechanical properties. The microstructure exhibits a significantly low homogenized Young’s modulus (11 GPa). Microscopic investigations show that the local stresses are broadly distributed on the IMC regions under uniaxial macroscopic tensile displacement, indicating highly reliable performance of the joint within a specific macroscopic strain condition. Numerical and experimental investigations demonstrate the excellent thermal cyclic reliability of die-attached joints between silicon carbide chips and directly bonded copper substrate.

Size effect of thermal shock crack patterns in ceramics: Insights from a nonlocal numerical approach

A new weakly coupled thermoelastic ordinary state-based peridynamic (SB-PD) model considering strain-softening characteristics is developed to investigate the size effect on thermal shock crack patterns of ceramic slabs in water quenching tests. In the new weakly coupled thermoelastic ordinary (SB-PD) model, the general SB-PD model is derived by considering thermal effects. The new microscopic thermal conductivity that establishes the relationship between the microscopic geometries and macroscopic geometric conditions is derived from the analytical temperature distributions. Moreover, the new general form of the critical stretch takes the peridynamic state into consideration and is presented based on an equivalent energy relationship in which the softening tensile parts are taken into consideration. The numerically predicted thermal shock crack patterns are in good agreement with previous experimental observations, which demonstrates that the new nonlocal model is effective in capturing thermal shock crack patterns in cold quenching tests. Moreover, differences from the effects of the brittle ceramic specimen size and the water quenching temperature that affect the energy evolution and crack propagation speed during thermal shock fracturing processes are investigated.

PENGARUH LATIHAN FISIK AEROBIK DENGAN INTENSITAS SEDANG TERHADAP KONDISI MAKROSKOPIK DAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI MIOKARD MENCIT BALB/C

Cardiovascular diseases is one of the non-communicable diseases that has been the leading cause of death compared to other causes. Actually, cardiovascular diseases can be prevented with avoiding the risk factors and lifestyle improvements such as doing physical exercise. Useful physical exercise according to according to The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) is a moderate intensity aerobic exercise conducted 30 minutes in time for 5 days a week. This research aims to study the effects of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on macroscopic conditions, histopathologic features of the myocardium of mice. This research using 35 male balb/c mice devided to 3 groups (control, physical activity, exercise). Variables in this research included duration of physical activity and exercise, macroscopic conditions, histopathologic features of the myocardium of balb/c mice. After 10 and 28 days of exposure, the heart were harvested. The macroscopic conditions, histopathologic features of the myocardium were examined. The weight of heart in physical activity group was greater than control group (p=0.009). Similarly, the weight of heart exercise group was also greater compared to control group (p=0.013). The histopathologic features in physical activity and physical exercise groups showed pathological features of myocardial infarction (p=0.242). While in the control group did not show pathological features. Aerobic physical activity moderate intensity increase the risk of pathological condition of heart in the form of myocardial infarct through the macroscopic conditions and histological features of myocardium. Meanwhile, exercise with moderate intensity affect the physiological hypertrophy of the myocardium.

Quantitative analysis of the macro-geomorphic evolution of Buyuan Basin, China

Buyuan River, the largest tributary within the Chinese Lancang-Mekong River region downstream of the Jinghong Dam, plays a crucial role in river function and ecosystem service of the Lancang-Mekong River. The geomorphic evolution of a basin exerts a key control on riverine sediment input and transport. In this study, the geomorphic characteristics of Buyuan Basin are analyzed using morphological parameters, hydrodynamic parameters and the stream power river incision model. The results show that: 1) The slight north-south difference of channel density is most likely due to lithology and independent of tectonic activity and climate. 2) The weak tectonic activity and the low hypsometric integral (HI) value suggest that the macroscopic landform condition limits erosion and sediment production. 3) The logarithmic longitudinal profile of the main channel defends that the upstream sediments generated by erosion are easily deposited in the downstream channel, rather than being transported directly into the Lancang-Mekong River. 4) Approximately 74% of the reaches have annual average stream power less than 500 W·m−1. The narrow variation ranges of stream power in 50% of the river channel indicate relatively stable hydrodynamic environment. 5) Stream erosion and tectonic activity make the longitudinal profiles of the main channel and most tributary channels unstable. The wide range (between 22.01 and 45.58 with θ=0.43) of steepness index (ksn) of longitudinal profiles implies differential uplift in the basin.

Distinguishing Plasma Contributions to Catalyst Performance in Plasma-Assisted Ammonia Synthesis

Plasma-assisted catalysis is the process of electrically activating gases in the plasma-phase at low temperatures and ambient pressure to drive reactions on catalyst surfaces. Plasma-assisted catalytic processes combine conventional heterogeneous surface reactions, homogeneous plasma phase reactions, and coupling between plasma-generated species and the catalyst surface. Herein, we perform kinetically controlled ammonia synthesis measurements in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma-assisted catalytic reactor. We decouple contributions due to plasma phase reactions from the overall plasma-assisted catalytic kinetics by performing plasma-only experiments. By varying the gas composition, temperature, and discharge power, we probe how macroscopic reaction conditions affect plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis on three different γ-alumina-supported transition metal catalysts (Ru, Co, and Ni). Our experiments indicate that the overall reaction and plasma-phase reaction are first-order in both N2 and H2. In ...

Tunnel Prospecting Based on Integrated Interpretation of Geophysical Data: Xiangyun Tunnel, Yunnan Province, China

With China's expanding economy, many tunnels are being designed and constructed. However, tunneling in hazardous geologic terrain, with faults, fractures, water-bearing openings, and other adverse geological conditions, construction safety is seriously endangered. To ensure the safety of tunnel construction, a tunnel geological prospecting method was proposed and applied at the Xiangyun Tunnel in Yunnan Province, China. In the investigation stage, the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions were analyzed to recognize high-risk sections. In the construction stage, the “tunnel ahead” prospecting scheme was optimized based on the macroscopic geological conditions. Geological mapping of the tunnel, seismic ahead prospecting and transient electromagnetic soundings were employed as well as resistivity models to image potential adverse conditions. Horizontal drilling and tunnel excavation records verified the geophysical predictions and interpretations.