Macroinvertebrate Fauna Research Articles

Levantamento da fauna de macroinvertebrados associados à macrófitas aquáticas

In aquatic ecosystems, the presence of macrophytes offers survival conditions for colonization of macroinvertebrates. This study aimed to characterize the fauna of macroinvertebrates associated with Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae), in the Capivaras Lagoon, located inside the Baguaçu Ecological Park, in the municipality of Araçatuba, and to relate them to the physical and chemical parameters of the water. The sampling of P. stratiotes was in three points; the samples were sorted and later identified. It was observed a high density of Oligochaeta and Chironomidae larvae in the three points sampled, which may be related to the higher capacity of these organisms tolerate adverse environmental conditions, such as the low concentration of oxygen dissolved in the water obtained in the physical-chemical analyzes. The small lake has a history of pollution and currently suffers from low levels of oxygenation and infestation of P. stratiotes forming a long "rug" enclosed throughout its cover. Considering find solutions to recover the integrity of the environment and,, mainly, to recover the oxygenation of the water, it is suggested more investigations in the area, in several areas and the drainage of the inlet and outlet water channel of the lagoon, beyond the drainage of input and output of water of the lagoon, to improve the rapid circulation, avoiding the establishment of large banks of aquatic macrophytes.

The longitudinal pattern of crustacean (Peracarida, Malacostraca) assemblages in a large south European river: bank reinforcement structures as stepping stones of invasion

The spread of alien crustaceans has significantly contributed to the homogenization of macroinvertebrate fauna of European freshwaters. However, little is known about alien Peracarida crustaceans of the Sava River, which represents the most important corridor for the spread of invasive species into Dinaric rivers with highly endemic fauna. In this study, we investigated Peracarida (Amphipoda, Isopoda and Mysida) collected during three years (2011, 2012 and 2015) from a total of 61 sites along the entire course of the Sava River. Besides describing the longitudinal pattern of Peracarida assemblages, we tested the hypothesis that bank reinforcement structures facilitate peracarid invasions by comparing densities and assemblages on natural and artificial substrate at 15 sites. In a total, 14 peracarid crustacean species (5 native and 9 alien) were recorded. The Upper third of Sava was inhabited by native peracarids only, while the Middle and Lower Sava were dominated by alien species. The invasive amphipods Dikerogammarus haemobaphes, Chelicorophium sowinskyi and Chelicorophium curvispinum, and invasive isopod, Jaera istri, were the most abundant species along the middle course. Densities of alien peracarids in the Middle Sava were the highest and their share in macroinvertebrate assemblages was very variable, while the Lower Sava had the highest number of alien species in low densities. The densities of alien amphipods and isopods were in most cases significantly higher on bank reinforcement structures than on natural substrate. Therefore, artificial stony substrates act as stepping stones of invasion for alien peracarids and largely contribute to their success in large lowland rivers.

Cascading effects between climate, vegetation, and macroinvertebrate fauna in 14,000-year palaeoecological investigations of a shallow lake in eastern Poland

Late glacial and Holocene environmental history of Lake Łukie and its catchment is reconstructed from the lake sediments. This shallow lake is situated in the marshy Polesie region in eastern Poland. Sediments began to accumulate in the lake in the Older Dryas. On the basis of macrofossils, pollen, and Oribatida remains, and with the use of Kohonen’s artificial neural network (self-organising map, SOM), six stages (corresponding to subclusters X1, X2, X3 in cluster X, and Y1, Y2, Y3 in cluster Y) of the lake history were distinguished, and indicator taxa of each stage were identified from the indicator value (IndVal) index. During the transition period corresponding to the border between X and Y, the ecosystem transformed in the broad sense from the protocratic to mesocratic phase in a 5-point scale transformation of the landscape in the glacial–interglacial cycle. All the steps involved in post-glacial history succession during interglacial cycles include changes in climate, soil, and biotic interactions. Indicator taxa for the subsequent SOM subclusters X1, X2, and X3 are associated with the first phase of the protocratic glacial–interglacial cycle. The transformation that occurs on the level of cluster Y (subcluster Y1) is the mesocratic phase (ca. 9000–5000 14C age BP), which is characterised by high temperatures and development of closed forest (climax forest). Subcluster Y2 corresponds to the transformation of forest cover during the oligocratic phase (ca. 5000–3000 14C age BP), which is associated with decreasing forest share and deteriorating soils. Finally, subcluster Y3 can be associated with the telocratic phase, characterised by the influence of a more oceanic climate (from ca. 2500 14C age BP) with declining temperatures, higher humidity, and milder seasonal contrasts, which contributed to the development of more open vegetation and infertile soils. This stage also corresponds to an increased human activity and landscape transformation, such as from forests to cornfields and from wetlands to meadows. Interestingly, the currently strictly protected brittle naiad (Najas minor) was present in the lake during the Atlantic, Subboreal, and Subatlantic periods; however, this species is not listed as being part of the present vegetation and may have become extinct relatively recently.

Distribution and abundance of the invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea and associated benthic macrofauna in Carriacou, Grenadines, Eastern Caribbean

The invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea has spread throughout the eastern Caribbean since it was first recorded in Grenada in 2002. We quantified the distribution and abundance of H. stipulacea, and its associated macroinvertebrate fauna, in sampling stations and transects around the island of Carriacou (a nearby dependency of Grenada) in early 2016. Halophila stipulacea occurred in extensive monospecific stands (average bottom cover, 62%), or smaller mixed stands with native seagrass (Thalassia testudinum, Syringodium filiforme, Halodule wrightii), at 1–5m depth in large bays along the leeward (west) coast. It was sparsely distributed on the more wave-exposed east and south coasts, usually in mixed patches with native seagrass. In leeward bays, H. stipulacea has largely replaced the native seagrass H. wrightii, providing a novel biogenic habitat for various filter-feeding invertebrates living within the turf-like leaf canopy (e.g., sponges, ascidians, bivalves, ophiuroids), and sea urchins (mainly Tripneustes ventricousus) and a microphagous sea star (Oreaster reticulatus) that graze upon it. Populations of the sea star consisted mainly of juveniles indicating the seagrass may serve as a nursery habitat for this endangered species. The spread of H. stipulacea along the leeward coast of Carriacou in recent years represents a community-level shift in the shallow subtidal zone, with attendant changes in habitat structure, species composition, and trophic interactions.

AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATES OF RAISED BOGS IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE VOLOGDA REGION, RUSSIA

The aquatic macroinvertebrates fauna of raised bogs is considered as a complex of faunas of diff erent types of within-bog waterbodies. This study was conducted in 2012–2014 at two large wetlands, Shichengskoe and Alekseevskoe-1 (Vologda Region, Russia). Samples were collected from May to September from pools, spaces between hummocks of water tracks, a mire stream and two within-bog lakes. In total, 120 taxa were found (71 taxa identifi ed to species, 25 – to genus), belonging to 5 phyla, 8 classes. Insects were prevalent (91 species, among them 55 – Diptera, 14 – Odonata, 11 – Coleoptera, 5 – Trichoptera), other groups were scarce (including 12 species of Oligochaeta, 6 Hirudinea, 5 Mollusca). The greatest number of species was registered from Shichengskoe wetland – 109 species, 80 of which were found within the Shichengskiy Landscape Reserve. The fauna was specifi c in each of the studied types of waterbodies. In the stream, amphibiotic insects were prevalent. In the water track, the main role belonged to oligochaetes and chironomids. In the lakes, mollusks and hirudineas were dominant. The most specifi c were the communities of pools, where odonates and chironomids were prevalent. The similarity between the faunas of the studied wetland waterbodies was minimal (Ksc = 0.07–0.36). Analysis of the trophic structure showed that detritophagous insects were the most abundant, while predators prevailed in terms of biomass. The latter were well represented in most of the studied waterbodies, and this was a distinctive feature of within-wetland waterbodies as compared to non-mire ones. The most favourable conditions for aquatic invertebrates were found in within-bog lakes.

Spongilla lacustris’in (Porifera: Demospongiae) Doğu Karadeniz’den (Uzungöl, Trabzon) ilk kaydı

In order to determine the benthic macro-invertebrate fauna of Uzungöl Lake (Trabzon), colonies of the freshwater sponge ( Spongilla lacustris L., 1759) were observed during the field study. The sponge colonies were sampled by standard macrophyte sampling equipment (rake) from the bottom of the lake (2 meters depth). This record is the first one of the species for Uzungöl Lake and for the Eastern Black Sea Region.

Impacts of Indian waterfern (Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn.) infestation and removal on macroinvertebrate biodiversity and conservation in spring‐fed streams in the Australian arid zone

Abstract Removal of invasive macrophytes is a priority for river managers. However, the ecological effects of macrophyte removal on macroinvertebrate diversity are rarely examined but may be of particular significance in conservation reserves and when threatened species are present. This study investigated the macroinvertebrate fauna inhabiting invasive and native macrophytes in spring‐fed channels in the Millstream‐Chichester National Park, Australia. The effects of waterfern management (periodic hand‐weeding) were examined by comparing assemblages at weeded and unweeded reaches on three occasions. Ceratopteris thalictroides harboured a diverse, insect‐dominated macroinvertebrate assemblage, including the endangered damselfly Nososticta pilbara. Total taxon richness was similar between waterfern and native macrophytes, but macroinvertebrate assemblages differed in the dry season. Damselflies (including N. pilbara) were associated with waterfern‐dominated reaches, whereas dragonfly nymphs were more common among native macrophytes. Weeding altered macroinvertebrate assemblage composition. Some weeded reaches developed assemblages indistinguishable from those in native‐dominated reaches, but others did not. Weeded reaches often supported taxa that were rare or absent from waterfern‐dominated reaches, including suspension feeders, found also in native‐dominated reaches. Odonata are particularly diverse at Millstream, with 18 species recorded. Odonate species richness was significantly lower at weeded reaches than unweeded reaches. Nososticta pilbara and other short‐range endemic species were absent from weeded reaches. As most odonates are univoltine, these adverse effects on local population size may affect species persistence. Invasive macrophyte species may support a high diversity of native invertebrates, including endangered and short‐range endemic species. Furthermore, although hand‐weeding appeared to enable a greater diversity of species to co‐exist, the removal of a large biomass of macrophytes appeared to remove whole cohorts of insect populations from stream reaches, including endangered species. Removal of invasive macrophytes should not be implemented without understanding their effects on invertebrate assemblage composition and life‐cycles.

Longitudinal variation of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in two contrasting tropical streams in Sri Lanka

The benthic macroinvertebrate fauna and main abiotic parameters were studied to understand the patterns of diversity and structure along the temporal and longitudinal gradients in two tropical lotic ecosystems in the wet and dry zones of Sri Lanka. Invertebrate abundance (annual means) was in the same magnitude in the two streams (2,520 ind. m−2 in the wet zone stream and 2,940 ind. m−2 in the dry zone stream). Both streams had similar annual mean diversity levels measured as Shannon diversity (Eswathu Oya (wet zone) = 2.11; Yan Oya (dry zone) = 2.07), with a mean annual evenness (Pielou evenness) of 0.56 ± 0.14 for Eswathu Oya and 0.60 ± 0.09 for Yan Oya. Along the longitudinal gradient, abundance and taxa richness increased toward the lower reaches in the wet zone stream but decreased in the dry zone stream. Composition of functional feeding groups was greatly influenced by abiotic factors in the temporal gradient than in the longitudinal gradient. This was possibly due to the seasonal patterns of flow regimes, and allochthonous nutrient inputs into the streams. Hence, resource management and conservation as well as attempts of ecological assessment in tropical streams should be based not only on the in‐stream characteristics but also on the catchment properties.

Combined effects of water stress and pollution on macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages in a Mediterranean intermittent river

Water stress is a key stressor in Mediterranean intermittent rivers exacerbating the negative effects of other stressors, such as pollutants, with multiple effects on different river biota. The current study aimed to determine the response of macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages to instream habitat and water chemistry, at the microhabitat scale and at different levels of water stress and pollution, in an intermittent Mediterranean river. Sampling was conducted at high and low summer discharge, at two consecutive years, and included four reaches that were targeted for their different levels of water stress and pollution. Overall, the macroinvertebrate fauna of Evrotas River indicated high resilience to intermittency, however, variation in community structure and composition occurred under acute water stress, due to habitat alteration and change in water physico-chemistry, i.e. water temperature increase. The combined effects of pollution and high water stress had, however, pronounced effects on species richness, abundance and community structure in the pollution impacted reach, where pollution sensitive taxa were almost extirpated. Fish response to drought, in reaches free of pollution, consisted of an increase in the abundance of the two small limnophilic species, coupled with their shift to faster flowing riffle habitats, and a reduction in the abundance of the larger, rheophilic species. In the pollution impacted reach, however, the combination of pollution and high water stress led to hypoxic conditions assumed to be the leading cause of the almost complete elimination of the fish assemblage. In contrast, the perennial Evrotas reaches with relatively stable physicochemical conditions, though affected hydrologically by drought, appear to function as refugia for fish during high water stress. When comparing the response of the two biotic groups to combined acute water stress and pollution, it is evident that macroinvertebrates were negatively impacted, but fish were virtually eliminated under the two combined stressors.

Effects of combined flocculant – Lanthanum modified bentonite treatment on aquatic macroinvertebrate fauna

A low dose flocculant (FeCl3), combined with lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB) as phosphate-binding agent, has been applied for eutrophication management in Lake De Kuil (The Netherlands). After the treatment, the state of the lake shifted from hypertrophic to mesotrophic. Although macroinvertebrate fauna is important for lake ecosystems, the knowledge of its response to this lake restoration method is fragmented and scarce. Because insight in the macroinvertebrate fauna response is important to assess future applications, pre and post application macroinvertebrate assemblages were identified in Lake De Kuil. The research was accompanied by a microcosm experiment in which the effects of LMB, FeCl3 and LMB + FeCl3 were studied on macroinvertebrate communities. Results show the reduction of macroinvertebrate numbers and taxa during the first month following the application. The number of Gastropoda was strikingly reduced one month after the application. One year after the application, the macroinvertebrate numbers and taxa exceeded the pre-application situation and Gastropoda and Oligochaeta prospered. The effects one month after the treatment are most likely due to the combination of physical impacts of the use of bentonite and chemical impacts of the use of FeCl3, while effects after one year are likely attributed to the shift in trophic state of the lake.

A long-term improvement in Danish stream fauna: Analyses of temporal dynamics and community alignment of a biotic index

Danish streams have for some decades shown a significant improvement in ecological quality. This is based on a time-series of a subset of 247 sites from the nationwide monitoring program with reoccurring annual sampling. The ecological quality is determined using the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna as bio-indicators via the Danish Stream Fauna Index (DSFI), and expressed in categorically ranked scores, with 1 as the lowest, and 7 as the highest quality. We analysed a data set on DSFI scores and the associated taxon lists from 2004 to 2013, totaling to 2411 individual samples or communities. Our main objectives were to 1) examine the temporal multidirectional dynamics underlying the overall net improving trend in the DSFI scores, and 2) to elucidate how the DSFI responds to differences in faunal community composition. Our analysis showed that most sites exhibited unchanged DSFI over the 10year period (53%), although inter-annual shifts were still observable within these sites. The DSFI interval 1–2 showed the highest proportion of positive shifts, whereas interval 3–4 the highest proportion of negative shifts. Improvement measures should therefore be directed more specifically towards intermediate quality streams. Sites with moderate to high scores (DSFI 4–7) were most stable. Turnover (i.e., replacement of taxa) was the dominating component of overall beta diversity, while the richness change component (i.e., loss/gain of taxa) was negligible. The specific DSFI scores encompassed wide ranges of community composition, and showed a weak, but significant correlation between differences in scores and the community composition. This is to a certain degree advantageous since it gives the categorical scores robustness and plasticity, and thus makes the DSFI capable of handling natural variation in communities. The ideal biotic index should allow for natural variation, but do so while maintaining the capability of separating ecologically different communities. Our findings consequently give rise to concern to whether the DSFI is too sensitive to stochastic variation in samples with insufficient precision to assign sites to correct ecological quality classes.

Understanding factors structuring zooplankton and macroinvertebrate assemblages in ephemeral pans

• Understanding invertebrate communities might help us make conserve and better manage ephemeral habitats. • Copepods were the most dominant and abundant taxa in all pans. • Thirty-three macroinvertebrate taxa belonging to 12 orders were recorded from the pans. • Flood plain pans had a more diverse macroinvertebrate fauna different from that of endorheic pans. • Vegetation is important for invertebrate taxa distribution in the pans. Ephemeral aquatic ecosystems have a global distribution being most abundant in semi-arid and arid regions. Due to anthropogenic impacts threatening these environments, there is a need to understand various factors and processes structuring animal communities in these habitats. Macroinvertebrate and zooplankton assemblages were studied in different ephemeral (i.e. flood plain, large endorheic and small endorheic) pans in the south-eastern Lowveld of Zimbabwe in the wet season. Ten Cladoceran species, Calanoids and Cyclopoids taxa and thirty-three macroinvertebrate taxa were identified over the entire hydroperiod. Predator macroinvertebrates were the dominant taxa especially in endorheic pans. The pan categories differed significantly in both zooplankton and macroinvertebrates composition and richness, with zooplankton and macroinvertebrate taxa richness being high in flood plain pans. Conductivity, fish presence, hydroperiod, maximum depth, turbidity and vegetation cover played a major role in shaping both zooplankton and macroinvertebrate communities. The macroinvertebrate community assemblage reveals that small endorheic and flood plain pans represent extremes ends of the environmental gradient in the region while large endorheic pans represent an intermediate end.

Richness and density of aquatic benthic macroinvertebrates after exposure to fungicides and insecticides in rice paddy fields.

The objective of this study was to verify the richness and density of aquatic benthic macroinvertebrates after exposure to fungicides and insecticides of the rice paddy fields. In the crop seasons of 2012/13 and 2013/14, field experiments were performed, which consisted of single-dose applications of the fungicides trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole and tricyclazole, and the insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam and diflubenzuron, in 10 m2 experimental plots, over rice plants in the R3 stage. Control plots with and without rice plants were maintained in order to simulate a natural environment. Soil samples were collected during rice cultivation for assessment of the macroinvertebrate fauna. Chemical-physical parameters assessed in the experiments included temperature, pH and oxygen dissolved in the water and pesticide persistence in the water and in the soil. The application of a single dose of the pesticides and fungicides in the recommended period does not cause significant negative effects over the richness and density of the macroinvertebrates. Tebuconazole, tricyclazole and thiamethoxam showed high persistence in the irrigation water of rice paddy fields. Thus, the doses and number of applications of these products in crops should be carefully handled in order to avoid contamination of the environment.

Degradation Rates of Native versus Exotic Leaves in a Tributary of the Yellow River in Georgia

Forested aquatic streams depend heavily on forest canopy input. This input is a primary resource for the macroinvertebrate fauna. As a result, changes in the canopy impact the aquatic ecosystem. The focus of this study was to identify leaf degradation rates to determine resource availability for invertebrate communities. Specifically, leaf degradation rates were determined for oak, poplar, maple and kudzu. Oak, poplar, and maple are established stream canopy vegetation while kudzu is an invasive species. By comparing leaf degradation rates of native vs. exotic leaves, it provides an insight to changes in community structure. Furthermore, these changes in the plant canopy biodiversity have long-term implications for stream health.

Survey and Identification of Macroinvertebrates Found in Some Ponds in Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria

Macroinvertebrates are important part of the aquatic food chain, vectors of some diseases as well as indicators of pollution in an aquatic environment. A survey of macroinvertebrates fauna of five ponds was done to identify the species present in these water bodies. The scoop net method was used and supplemented by hand picking method to collect macroinvertebrate samples. Results obtained showed that four classes of macroinvertebrates were present at the sampled sites and class insecta had the highest percentage occurrence (57.27%) followed by gastropoda (31.10%), malacostraca (6.69%) and oligochaete (4.94%) with the least occurrence. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference (p 0.05) in distribution across all locations. Physio – chemical parameters showed no striking disparity in the water bodies sampled. The predominant aquatic flora encountered were Ipomoea aquatica, Nymphaea lotus and Graminae species. All macroinvertebrates belonged to three phylum: Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda.

Freshwater Benthic Macroinvertebrate Fauna of Jindo Island, Korea

Freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated from five sampling sites on Jindo Island located in the southwestern end of the Korean Peninsula. A total of 47 species (average <TEX>$14{\pm}3.16$</TEX> species per site, 40 species in lotic area, and 13 species in lentic area) belonging to 38 families, 14 orders, 5 classes, and 3 phyla were sampled. Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, and Trichoptera were the major groups of benthic macroinvertebrates with relatively high species richness. Species diversity indices (H') and richness indices (RI) of upper streams were relatively higher than those of lower streams, which were affected by agricultural effluent from the paddy fields.

Macroinvertebrate fauna and depositional environment of the lower Upper Cenomanian Oberhäslich Formation in the Saxonian Cretaceous Basin (Germany)

In Saxony (southeast Germany), the global early Late Cretaceous transgression is reflected by the onlap of shallow-marine siliciclastics of the lower Upper Cenomanian Oberhäslich Formation (Calycoceras naviculare Zone) onto the eastern Erzgebirge, the central part of the emergent Mid-European Island. Based on detailed logging of sections south of Dresden and the study of extensive collection material, the depositional environment and macroinvertebrate assemblages of the Oberhäslich Formation have been reconstructed. This unit, with a mean thickness of 10–15m, usually shows a fining-upward trend that may become reversed towards the top, was laid down in a single 3rd-order sea-level cycle and is capped by an unconformity at the base of the overlying upper Upper Cenomanian Dölzschen Formation (sequence boundary Cenomanian 5; junction of the Calycoceras naviculare and Metoicoceras geslinianum zones). The macroinvertebrate assemblage of the Oberhäslich Formation, collected mainly from bioturbated, fine- or rarely medium-grained, quartz-rich sandstones, is fairly diverse, comprising nearly 50 taxa, predominantly bivalves (94.3%). Most conspicuous and abundant are relatively large forms such as Rhynchostreon (R.) suborbiculatum (25%) and Inoceramus pictus spp. (21%), eponymous taxa of the Rhynchostreon suborbiculatum/Inoceramus pictus assemblage. Non-bivalve benthic invertebrates are rare and represented by rather poorly preserved irregular and regular echinoids, siliceous sponges, a few gastropods, crustacean remains and a single starfish. Common Thalassinoides and Ophiomorpha burrows indicate that crustaceans were an important part of the infauna. Pervasive bioturbation resulted in a post-depositional homogenization of the sediments while all body fossils are preserved as (composite) internal moulds. The guild structure of the Rhynchostreon suborbiculatum/Inoceramus pictus assemblage shows a predominance of epifaunal and semi-infaunal suspension feeders (95.3%), suggesting eutrophic and unstable “green-water conditions” of an inner-shelf setting. Deposit-feeding biota are rare. The common occurrence of articulated bivalves and storm-induced shell beds indicate episodic rapid burial, most probably by tempestites. A current-influenced, well-oxygenated and nutrient-rich environment slightly below fair-weather base is inferred for the fine-grained sandy, fossiliferous sediments of the Oberhäslich Formation.

La autodepuración en arroyos de planicie puede interrumpirse por el ingreso de desechos vitivinícolas según el biomonitoreo con macroinvertebrados

Many streams of Uruguay suffer eutrophication and physical pollution due to intensive farming. The Colorado stream, in the coastal plain of the Rio de la Plata, is a particular case, which also receives winery debris. Macroinvertebrates give comprehensive information status of aquatic systems. Goals. To assess the overall environmental quality of the river Colorado, both water quality and the habitat and macroinvertebrate fauna was studied. Methods. Six sites were sampled: two on the Colorado stream and two on each headwater: Benitez and Rocha creeks. Results. Benitez creek receives effluents from wineries and presented high conductivity and low oxygen concentration. Rocha creek instead shows higher levels of nutrients and lower conductivity. We identified 787 invertebrates belonging to 3 orders of crustaceans and 6 of insects, 2 families of Diptera, 7 of molluscs and 2 of annelids. In Rocha creek taxonomic richness was below average. The study sites downstream in Rocha creek and Colorado river had richer and more equilibrated communities indicating a possible recovery. Conclusions. In all sites tolerant species to organic pollution dominated. Rocha creek suffers eutrophication, but still has some self-purification capacity downstream, while Benitez creek deteriorates perhaps from impact of wineries, which remains until it meets the Rocha creek, interrupting the recovery process.

Evaluation of Macroinvertebrate Data Based on Autoecological Information

Abstract Various data (biological, chemical, hydrological and morphological) have been gathered within the frame of the monitoring of the Water Framework Directive from 2007 in Hungary. This data only used a status assessment of certain water bodies in Hungary. The macroinvertebrates indicate many environmental factors well; therefore, they are very useful in detecting changes in the status of an environment. The main aim in this research was to investigate changes in environmental variables and decide how these variables cause big changes in the macroinvertebrate fauna. The macroinvertebrate data was processed using the ASTERICS 4.0.4 program. The program calculated some important metrics (i.e., microhabitat distributions, longitudinal zonation, functional feeding guilds, etc.). These metrics were compared with the chemical and hydrological data. The main conclusion is that if we have enough of a frequency and quality of macroinvertebrate data, we can understand changes in the environment of an ecosystem.

연인산 일대 저서성 대형무척추동물상

Benthic macroinvertebrates fauna was investigated at the Mt. Yeonin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, from August to October, 2016. 5 sites located around the Mt. Yeonin were selected for quantitative (surber net: 30×30cm, mesh size: 1mm) and qualitative (Hand net) sampling of benthic macroinvertebrates. Including qualitative sampling, total 100 species, 46 families, 13 orders, 5 classes in 4 phyla occurred. Insecta was composed of 1 species in Collembola, 33 species in Ephemeroptera, 7 species in Odonata, 4 species in Plecoptera, 1 species in Hemiptera, 2 species in Megaloptera, 5 species in Coleoptera, 8 species in Diptera and 30 species in Trichoptera. Non-insecta was 9 species composed of 1 species in Platyhelminthes, 7 species in Mollusca and 1 species in Annelida. The dominant species and the subdominant species based on individual abundance were Epeorus pellucidus and Beatiella tuberculata with 12.2% and 12.0% of dominance respectively. McNaughton’s dominanace indices, Shannon-Weaver’s diversity indices, Margalef’s spesies richness indices and Pileou’s evenness indices, Kong