Macro Performance Research Articles

Simulation Study of on Sky Performance of a New 20W Class Macro–Micro Pulse Laser for Sodium Laser Guide Star

As one crucial component for the latest generation of adaptive optics, tremendous efforts have been put into the development of high performance 20 W class sodium laser guide star laser system. Two such systems, the continuous wave laser by Toptica, and the quasi-continuous pulse laser by TIPC were extensively studied with simulation and field tests. A new type of 20 W class sodium laser, macro–micro pulse laser, is currently being developed by CIOMP. In this paper, we will study its on-sky performance with simulation based on Monte Carlo rate equation method. The predicted coupling efficiency for this laser in the zenith direction in Changchun is 179.73 photons s−1 W−1/(atoms m−2). The variation of coupling efficiency of this type of laser with pointing direction and the effect of D2b repumping are also studied and reported in this paper.

Alkali‐Active Sand Slate Powder for Use as Mineral Admixture in Mass Hydraulic Concrete: Technical and Economic Analysis

This work has launched a comprehensive investigation on the macro performance and micro structure of mass concrete produced with alkali‐active sand slate powder (ASSP) for use as the mineral admixture and a thorough analysis on its technical and economic effects is also conducted. Results indicated ternary blend with hybrid of 5–8 wt.% silica fume (SF) and 15–20 wt.% ASSP has the optimal compressive and flexural strength. ASSP particle participates in hydration, accelerates hydration of cement clinker within 8.5 hours, and reduces the autogenous strain of pastes by 164 × 10−6 in case of dosage less than 25% by mass. Improvement in the mechanical and deformation properties of concrete produced with the hybrid of SF and ASSP is attributed to better particles gradation, compactness enhancement, and transformation in products of hydration. On the whole, it provides another new approach for use of alkali‐active rock after second processing as mineral admixture in hydraulic concrete in terms of good performance and economic effects.

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF MANGO NUTRITION FOR BETTER YIELD AND QUALITY

Optimum supply of macro and micronutrients is of critical importance in improving the yield and quality of horticultural crops. Alike, the quality and yield of mango plants significantly increase by balanced application and uptake of macro and micronutrients. However, soil type and characteristics are important factors that directly influence the bio-availability of these nutrients to the plants. In addition, variability in climate has an impact on mango yield in the current scenario. Many scientists have found that mango cultivation in saline soils is a major obstacle to achieving the desired yield and improving quality. Overdose of fertilization is the major factor for the development of saline soils, furthermore, rise in climate temperatures is also a major factor. Therefore, to overcome this problem, nutrient management and the use of balanced fertilizer are the important factors to be controlled. Thus, this review focuses on the performance and importance of essential macro and micronutrients to improve the yield and quality of mango fruits. To understand the effective use of macro and micronutrients, the positive and negative impacts of the nutrients are explained. It is suggested that analyzing the soil, mango fruits, and mango plant leaves for their nutrient status can be useful to formulate fertilization strategies for higher fruit production and quality. Research and development, along with agricultural extension, should focus more on introducing genetically effective mango varieties to improve nutrient and water utilization efficiency.

Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) Cladding and TOPTIG Cladding of Tubes Made of Steel 13CrMo4-5

The article presents test results concerning the effect of a cladding method and technological process parameters on geometrical properties and dilution of overlay welds. Test overlay welds were deposited on tubes made of steel 13CrMo4-5. The chemical composition of the filler material used in the deposition process corresponded to that of alloy Inconel 625. The study involved the performance of macro and microscopic metallographic tests of the overlay welds as well as the identification of related dilution. The study also included hardness measurements involving the cross-section of the overlay welds as well as tests of the chemical composition of the overlay weld surface (paying attention to the maximum content of iron in the overlay weld, which should not exceed 5%). Adopted PTA and TOPTIG cladding parameters enabled the satisfaction of the maximum criterion related to the acceptable content of iron in the overlay weld, ensuring the stability of the cladding process and the invariable geometry of the overlay welds around the entire tube circumference.

Application of self-healing engineering materials: Mechanical problems and research progress

In order to meet the needs of future infrastructure and industrial construction, namely building new advanced infrastructures with intelligent capabilities, the optimization of the structure and material composition design in traditional civil engineering has aroused general interest in both industrial and academic fields. The damage resistance of engineering structure has a direct impact on the social and economic cost to a country. To considerably reduce the maintenance cost and improve the service life of engineering structures, a feasible scheme is to build a life-like system with the capability of self-healing. In recent years, techniques like microcapsule self-healing, electrodeposition self-healing, induction heating self-healing and microbial self-healing have been widely used in civil engineering and road engineering, which are expected to improve the durability and stability of engineering structures, thus prolonging their service life to the maximum extent. However, the improvement of the performance of self-healing engineering materials and the accurate prediction of the crack propagating trajectory and the service life of the materials require a better understanding of the self-healing mechanism. In this review, the development and the advancement of the application of self-healing materials in civil engineering are firstly summarized. The self-healing mechanisms of cement concrete and asphalt, the two most used materials in civil engineering, are concluded, respectively. However, due to the low efficiency of the materials’ natural self-healing capability, some enhancement technologies are proposed and applied to improve the self-healing performance of those engineering materials, which are summarized in the later introduction. In the second part, the mechanical analysis for the explanation and prediction of the self-healing behaviors is introduced in detail based on damage and fracture mechanics. Besides, there are still some mechanical problems that remain unsolved, such as decoupling of elastic effect and self-healing effect on macro performance recovery and establishing a fatigue model considering damage evolution, crack propagation and self-healing effect, which are also summarized and analyzed. In the third part, the existing constitutive models considering self-healing effects and the relevant numerical algorithms are reviewed. Based on the three basic hypotheses, namely the strain equivalent hypothesis, the strain energy equivalent hypothesis and the power equivalent hypothesis, the effective configuration considering damage-healing effect is described. Additionally, relatively detailed review is given on the numerical algorithms considering self-healing mechanism with the aid of molecular dynamics (MD) and finite element method (FEM). Finally, the unsolved problems and challenges are proposed for further researches, where the coupling effects of the internal and external factors on the damage-fracture-healing process will be studied from a mechanical point of view. Therefore, the deep understanding of the healing and damage behavior of materials needs sufficient multi-scale analysis involving nano-scale, micro-scale, meso-scale and macro-scale. To sum up, self-healing materials play an important role in improving the durability and reliability of engineering structures. Therefore, the improvement of the self-healing efficiency is the key point to realize the wide and high efficient application of self-healing materials in civil engineering, which needs not only an essential understanding of the mechanical mechanisms but also fast numerical algorithms to accurately evaluate and predict the self-healing behavior.

Molecular simulation of different structure dopamine-modified graphene oxide and its effects on thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy resin system

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to explore the ideal structure design of graphene oxide (GO) modified by poly (dopamine) (PDA) which is more conducive to performances improvement of epoxy resin composites. The epoxy resin matrix was compounded with PDA-modified GO (PDA-GO) particles with different structures including the surface modification and the interlayer inserted modification. The interaction energy (Einter), molecular mobility (MSD), packing density (RDF), thermal and mechanical properties of different structure of PDA-GO/epoxy composites were calculated. Interestingly, it was found that the increased layer number of GO weakened the interfacial binding between GO particles and the epoxy matrix, and prevented the compact stacking of epoxy molecular chains, but the PDA-GO with inserted-modification structure displayed a desirable interfacial binding with epoxy resin and dramatically improved thermal and mechanical performances of the resulting composites. In addition, the surface-modification of single layer GO using PDA had negative effects on micro and macro performances of epoxy matrix composites. This work provided special revelation for rationally designing the structure of GO nanofillers and better exerting its excellent properties in epoxy matrix composites.

Research on fluid flow mechanism of fracture-cave carbonate reservoirs based on fluid mechanics

ABSTRACT Facture-cave carbonate reservoir has not formed mature development theory and method up to now, and the development is world-class difficult problems, which are caused by that it is not clear to understand the particularity of reservoir characteristics and fluid flow mechanism. Because karst caves are the dominant reservoir space and production contributor, porous flow mechanics is not applicable. Reservoir body belongs to neither porous media nor continuum as a whole, hence fluid flow belongs to the research category of fluid mechanics. Contrary to widely adopted coupling method, this paper will focus on the fluid flow mechanism by only applying the theory of fluid mechanics and ignoring porous flow on the basis of analyzing the particularity of reservoir characteristics. Both capillary pores in carbonate matrix and slender dissolved cavities can be regarded as hydraulic long pipe, and fluid flow conforms to pipe flow law. Fluid flow in fracture belongs to parallel plate clearance differential pressure flow, which is similar to pipe flow. Fluid is static under gravity and fluid flow conforms to hydrostatics law in approximately equiaxed karst caves, and fluid flow out of karst cave is orifice outflow. Porous flow in reservoirs is unified with pipe flow. The essence of porous flow is the macro performance of pipe flow in countless capillary pores, which manifests as Darcy’s law under laminar condition. Porous flow in carbonate matrix can be completely ignored because it is extremely difficult to occur and the effect is very tiny. In dissolved-cavity reservoir body of millimeter scale, fluid flow is mainly slight pipe flow and gravity effect is significant, which leads to tiny production pressure differential and pressure drop funnel. In karst-cave reservoir body of meter scale, there is no fluid flow nor pressure drop in horizontal direction and the displacement of oil by water is piston-like displacement vertically upward in karst caves, hence pressure drop funnel does not exist at all. The production pressure differential generated by orifice outflow at the outlet of karst cave is very tiny and can be ignored. The new fluid flow mechanism based on fluid mechanics will provide theoretical basis for solving the difficult problems of developing fracture-cave carbonate reservoirs.

Influence of the Coupling Effect of Ocean Currents and Waves on the Durability of Pier Structure of Cross-sea Bridges

Xie, Y.P. and Li, X.H., 2020. Influence of the coupling effect of ocean currents and waves on the durability of pier structure of cross-sea bridges. In: Al-Tarawneh, O. and Megahed, A. (eds.), Recent Developments of Port, Marine, and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 110, pp. 87–90. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In the marine environment, under the action of ocean currents and waves, the piers of cross-sea bridges face a series of durability problems such as salt erosion and salt freeze-thaw cycles. The durability of the pier structure directly affects the service life of cross-sea bridges, so the research and test on the durability are of important significance for the design of cross-sea bridges. Based on the coupling effect of ocean currents and waves in the marine environment, this paper explores its influence on the durability of the pier structure of cross-sea bridges. The research results show that the durability analysis includes environmental index calculation, durability index calculation and durability evaluation. The damage of the bridge pier concrete structure is related to the material composition and the deterioration of the macro performance of the microstructure under the action of special environment. The pier concrete of the target cross-sea bridge measured in the laboratory has a salt-freeze resistance greater than F300. This paper provides an important theoretical basis for the research on the safety of marine concrete structures.

Aggregate micro tribological properties of sponge city permeable pavement base layer under vehicle loading

Macro mechanical behavior of open-graded permeable pavement base layer of sponge city is mainly determined by the micro contact interface properties among aggregates. Understanding the micro tribological properties among aggregates interfaces is critical in order to optimize the design of permeable pavement base layer based on its macro performance. A micro tribological experiment was developed to simulate the tribological behavior among aggregates contact interfaces of base layer. Aggregate wear scar surface micro-texture levels and their distribution at each octave spectrum bands were calculated based on the spectral analysis method. The surface micro-texture levels and their distribution at each octave spectrum bands can detect the detailed micro-texture wavelength scales which greatly influence the micro tribology behavior of aggregate. A ball-aggregate finite element model was developed to calculate the contact stress between ball and aggregate, when there were different depths contact pit on the surface of aggregate. The results show that kinetic friction coefficients of fifteen types of commonly used rock aggregates in engineering increase briefly and then maintain steady condition continuously as the accumulating of sliding cycles except for limestone aggregate. High correlation coefficients between kinetic friction coefficients and each octave band micro-texture levels at different wear stages demonstrate that the aggregate surface micro-texture levels of 32 μm & 2 μm wavelengths greatly influence its micro tribology behavior (i.e. kinetic friction coefficients). Significant correlations between aggregate wear volumes and contact stress indicate that the contact stress among aggregates significantly influences the aggregate wear property.

Macro assessment of microalgae-based CO2 sequestration: Environmental and energy effects

Microalgae are the most important types of bioenergy-producing and environmentally friendly media used in carbon sequestration, but the macro performance in carbon emission reduction has not yet been understood accurately. To assess the performance and the enviro-energy effect of microalgae-based CO2 sequestration, a comprehensive quadric surface-based logistic model was proposed to characterize the specific production rate of microalgae cultivated under varying key physicochemical factors, including input CO2 concentration, N-source concentration, P-source concentration, light intensity, and culture temperature. The effects of these factors were addressed based on the proposed model. The results indicate that the quadric surface-based logistic model predicts the specific production rate more accurately and effectively (R2 = 0.9509) than the conventional multi-factors Monod-Droop model. It enhances the generalization performance by including more influencing factors, considering the independent and interactive effects, and avoiding the possibility of negative values that occur in regular response surface methodology. Furthermore, the performances of microalgal-biomass yields and CO2 sequestration were determined. It is suggested that, theoretically, a maximum of 2.35 GtCO2 can be sequestrated in 100,000 km2 culture area, accounting for 8.01–5.31% of global CO2 emission reductions in 2020. On average, annual 0.5393 GtCO2 sequestration and 324.33 million tons of microalgal-biomass yields would be benefited when using 53,000 km2 culture area, even though the high economic performance for the microalgal-diesel conversion is challenging to achieve. Microalgae show a great potential in environmentally friendly CO2 mitigation by converting both atmospheric and industrial CO2 into biomass and bioenergy.

Research the Microstructure and Properties of Modified Asphalt from Dry SBS-T

This paper uses a fluorescence microscope to study the microstructure of dry modified asphalt, and compares and analyzes the micro and macro performance of dry and wet modified asphalt. The results show that: in terms of micro performance, when the modifier content is 6%, the dry modifier (SBS-T) becomes to a compact network structure in the asphalt when the shear time is 5 minutes, and it takes 45 min for the modifier to achieve the same result to the wet method. And the macro performance indicators of penetration, softening point, ductility, and viscosity show that the modification effect of asphalt is better by dry modifier is 5 minutes after shearing than the modification effect of asphalt by wet modifier is 45 minutes.

Domino Effect of Thickness Fluctuation on Subband Structure and Electron Transport within Semiconductor Cascade Structures.

Effectively restraining random fluctuation of layer thickness (RFT) during the thin-film epitaxy plays an essential part in improving the quality of low-dimensional materials for device application. While it is already challenging to obtain an ideal growth condition for thickness control, the tangle of RFT with interfacial problems makes it even more difficult to guarantee the properties of heterostructures and the performance of devices. In our research, the RFT of potential barriers and wells within a semiconductor multilayer is demonstrated to correlate with the interfacial grading effect (IFG) and to affect the band offset strongly. Then, the synergetic effect of RFT and IFG that serves as the first domino is shown to impact the subband structure and the electron transport successively. On the basis of an investigation of a quantum cascade structure, statistical results indicate a normal distribution of RFT with a standard deviation of about 1 Å and an extreme value of 3 Å (about one monolayer) for all the layers within 38 cascade periods. The "seemingly negligible" RFT could actually reduce the conduction band offset for tens to hundreds of meV and alter the subband gaps at a rate of 40 meV/monolayer at most. Furthermore, the dependence of different subband gaps on the barrier/well thickness differs from one another. In addition, the distribution of wave function could also be regulated dramatically by RFT to change the type of electron transition and thus the carrier lifetime. Further impacts of RFT and the RFT-modulated subband alignment on electron transport result in two different mechanisms (injection-dominant and extraction-dominant) of electron population inversion (PI), which is manifested by comparatively discussing the results of in situ electron holography and macro performances.

Effect of curing humidity on performance of cemented paste backfill

Cemented paste backfill (CPB), a mixture of tailings, binder, and water, is widely and extensively used for the recovery of mineral resources, the prevention of ground subsidence, and the management of mine waste. When installed, the CPB is subjected to complex environmental conditions such as water content, temperature, and power, which have a significant impact on its efficiency. Thus, this study conducts a series of laboratory programs, including investigation of moisture, temperature, stress-strain relation, and microstructure to show the effect of curing humidity on the CPB behaviors. The results obtained indicate that ambient humidity can have a dramatic effect on CPB in terms of its macro performance of internal relative humidity, temperature and strength, as well as the micro expression. Typical examples of these effects on CPB include an increase in curing humidity, which favors binder hydration, and then an increase in hydration materials, temperature and peak stress in the CPB. The results obtained will lead to a better understanding of CPB’s responses to various environmental conditions.

Numerical Combustion Evaluation of Select Detailed Chemistry Mechanisms for Their Impact on Compression Ignition Diesel Engine Performance Prediction

The study focuses on the selection of detailed chemistry model for numerical combustion of compression ignition diesel engine. Three different established chemical reaction mechanisms of different chemistry resolution are considered to predict the macro performance characteristics. The numerical computation is performed on turbocharged 5.67L 130PS commercial vehicle diesel engine. The three chemical reactions mechanisms are used for engine performance prediction analysis viz. PSM Mechanism (having 121 species and 593 reactions), ERC Mech reaction mechanism model (having 61 species with 235 reactions) and Chalmers’ reaction mechanism model (having 42 species with 168 reactions) for analyses. The surrogate diesel fuel n-heptane is used in the combustion analysis. By making use of the three-chemistry model, conclusive results indicate significant differences in the computational runtime without much loss in the accuracy of the performance characteristics (expressed as the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP)).

Study on degradation of macro performances and micro structure of concrete attacked by sulfate under artificial simulated environment

Based on the similarity principle, the similarity criterion of concrete attacked by sulfate corrosion was deduced, and the change laws of concrete sulfate attack under natural condition and artificial simulated environment were revealed. The variations of micro structure, morphology and compositions of concrete before and after sulfate attack were investigated by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM), Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP), Fourier Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric (DTA-TG). The results showed that the artificial simulated environment test method could be used to simulate the real deterioration of concrete under sulfate environment. Moreover, the concrete root rot phenomenon could also be reappeared by artificial simulated environment. The ultimate bearing capacity of concrete specimens attacked by sulfate decreased with erosion age. The transverse and longitudinal dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete first increased and then decreased with erosion age. The changes of the micro structure, compositions and morphology of concrete were caused by the generation of expansive substances and decomposition of hydration products. The numerical simulation indicated that the optimal accelerated ratio of concrete sulfate attack between natural condition and artificial simulated environment was about 50.

Reliability-based optimization of a novel negative Poisson's ratio door anti-collision beam under side impact

Anti-collision beam of front door has significant influence on occupant protection and side crashworthiness. In order to improve the comprehensive side impact performance of vehicle, this work proposes a novel negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) door anti-collision beam based on star-shaped cellular structural material, and optimizes it by a reliability-based optimization scheme. First, the parametric model of NPR anti-collision beam, vehicle model assembling NPR beam, occupant restraint system model and side collision model are established. Then, the basic mechanical properties of the NPR structure are investigated under considering the axial normal force, transverse shear force and bending moment of each rod, and the macro performance of NPR beam are analyzed. Next, a deterministic optimization integrating optimal Latin hypercube sampling (OLHS) method, response surface model (RSM) and NSGA-II algorithm is conducted to improve the performance of novel NPR beam. Finally, considering the uncertainties of design variables, a reliability-based optimization is further executed to enhance the robustness of the deterministic optimization by using Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) method. Simulation results show that the ultimate optimized NPR anti-collision beam can not only ameliorate driver's protection and side crashworthiness, but also ensure the reliability and lightweight effect. • An NPR beam is proposed to protect occupant safety and structural integrity. • The performance of star-shaped NPR beam is investigated. • Reliability-based optimization is conducted to improve the overall performance.

Bitcoin and Blockchain to Indonesia’s Economic Resilience: A Business Intelligence Analysis

Blockchain technology has been a phenomenal discovery since its use on Bitcoin, a crypto currency created by Satoshi Nakamoto. Featuring decentralization, it allows Bitcoin to escape the interference of third parties and governments. Departing from Keynesian Theory, this study used a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. The econometric quantitative approach uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) modeling to predict the impact of Bitcoin investment on Indonesia's transaction of capital. A qualitative approach is used to analyze the LOFT effects of Bitcoin on Indonesia's economic resilience. Unlike previous studies, this study attempts to provide an explanation from the standpoint of national resilience, especially in the field of economic resilience. VECM analysis found that Bitcoin had a significant positive effect on Indonesia's transaction of capital in both the short and long terms Even though the magnitude of the influence of bitcoin is relatively small, it needs to watch out for macro performance through capital transactions. Qualitative data indicate that there is a change of Bitcoin function in Indonesia, from a payment method, into an instrument of investment. The finding explains that Bitcoin has the potential to weaken the resilience of the Indonesian economy through a reduction in the balance of payments, while Blockchain can be the main foundation of the financial industry revolution in Indonesia.

Study on Microstructure Characteristics of Axially Braided Carbon/Carbon Composites Based on SEM and Micro-CT.

In order to study the microstructure characteristics of an axially braided Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composite, a comprehensive observation and study of the mesoscopic and microstructure characteristics of an axially braided C/C composite is conducted. Scanning electron microscopy and Micro-CT were used to obtain the microstructure characteristics and distribution rules of the axially braided C/C composite material. The physical model of the material and the geometric model of the representative unit were established. At the same time, the characteristics of this kind of material are also obtained. The microstructure characteristics show that the axially braided C/C composite is a polymer with cracks and pores of different sizes, which is a three-dimensional and four-directions carbon fiber braided body as the reinforcing phase and pitch carbon as the reinforcing matrix. The microcosmic data obtained in this chapter is the basis for carrying out material property prediction and qualitative comparison of macro performance.

Transitions between monetary policy frameworks and their effects on economic performance

The widespread adoption of inflation targeting (IT) from the early 1990s led to investigations of its effect on macroeconomic performance (inflation and growth), with the emergence of a majority view that the effects were small for advanced countries but possibly larger for emerging economies. We revisit the issue, using a new de facto (rather than de jure) classification of monetary policy frameworks and employing the difference-in-differences approach with regression to the mean effects in order to deal with the problem of endogeneity. We find small effects for advanced countries but insignificant effects for emerging economies. We then question the nature of the mean to which regression occurs and suggest instead that there are strong international trend/network effects leading policymakers to make similar policy decisions (with similar macro outcomes) from within different frameworks. We also find IT has not affected macro performance in the period after the Global Financial Crisis.

Asymmetric yield effect evolving with internal variables during continuous large deformations and its FEM validation

In hexagonal close-packed (HCP) metals and alloys, the asymmetric yield effect that strongly evolves with the internal variables during continuous large deformations is clearly evident and significantly influences their formability. This limits their engineering applications and significant scientific issues regarding the macro performance corresponding to microstructural and texture evolution arise. In this study, a powerful stress-invariant-asymmetric-yield function capable of accurately describing the hydrostatic pressure sensitivity (HPS), tension-compression strength differential effect (SDE), and anisotropy is applied. An analytical interpolation approach based on the hardening effect with the function of the internal variable and the Lode parameter of the stress state is developed to build the continuous evolution between two adjacent yield surfaces. A rate-independent large deformation hypoelasto-plastic constitutive relationship adequately considering the asymmetric yield evolution is built. A plastic potential for the non-associated flow rule is introduced to eliminate the plastic dilatancy. The plastic modulus, corrected with the partial derivative of the continuously interpolated yield function with respect to the internal variable that is capable of capturing the evolution effect, is analytically deduced and straightforwardly expressed. The evolving asymmetric yield effect and its constitutive description are then numerically validated, with insignificant errors and high efficiency, by the explicit integration algorithm of finite element simulations of continuous large deformations of the through-thickness and in-plane compressed Zr. The results indicate that (1) for the different levels of pre-strain, the continuously interpolated asymmetric yield function, together with the proposed constitutive relationship, can precisely describe the non-evolving asymmetric yield of HCP-structured Zr as the traditional ones (Yoon et al., 2014; Plunkett et al., 2007) without considering the evolution effect; (2) for continuous large deformation loading, the continuous yield surfaces built by the continuous interpolation of the stress-invariant-asymmetric-yield function and the proposed constitutive relationship, considering the evolution effect, jointly and clearly corrects the strain hardening rates for all loading routes except the X uniaxial tension without the evolution, and the corrected simulations are in better agreement with the theoretical stress-strain data than uncorrected simulations, in particular for the routes along which the yield surfaces clearly evolve; (3) although the in-plane compressed Zr presents a significantly stronger asymmetric yield effect evolving with the accumulative plastic strain compared to the through-thickness compressed Zr during continuous large deformations, the continuously interpolated yield function and the constitutive relationship considering the evolution effect can still precisely describe the strain hardening processes and stress-strain relationships, and accurately capture the strain-softening effect along the equibiaxial tensile route of the in-plane compressed Zr that cannot be captured by the combinations of the traditional yield functions without considering the HPS, SDE, anisotropy, and their evolution and the general constitutive relationships unsuitable for the large deformation asymmetric yield. It is anticipated that the proposed asymmetric yield evolution and its large deformation constitutive description with the high accuracy and extensive applicability on various asymmetric yield functions, single or multiple internal variables, and complicated loading routes of nonlinear plastic behaviors will be used in precise engineering simulations of HCP metals and alloys and the corresponding scientific studies of microscopic mechanisms.