With the rapid development of higher education and the diversification of talent demand in society, the types and positioning of higher education institutions are becoming increasingly diverse. As an important component of higher education, graduate education also needs to adjust and optimize its training mode accordingly. From the perspective of systems science, this article regards the entire process of cultivating professional degree graduate students as a system, from overall analysis to local research, opens up the graduate student training environment, maintains effective collaboration with various educational resources outside the training subject, focuses on the demand for high-level applied specialized talents in coal mining machinery equipment design and manufacturing in the development of the coal industry in Lvliang District, innovates the training mode, and proposes a collaborative training mode for mechanical degree graduate students in Lvliang University. The aim is to explore a multi-level training model for graduate students that adapts to the new positioning of higher education institutions, analyze the problems existing in the current graduate training model, and propose corresponding optimization strategies, in order to provide reference for the reform and development of graduate education in higher education institutions.