Lung Cancer Mortality In Men Research Articles

Silicosis and lung cancer: a mortality study of compensated men with silicosis in New South Wales, Australia.

Lung cancer mortality has been found to be in excess in several groups with silicosis, but allowance for smoking was not always possible. We investigated the lung cancer mortality in men with silicosis in New South Wales, Australia, who were compensated, making allowance for smoking habits. A mortality study of 1467 men with silicosis in New South Wales who were compensated was carried out comparing observed mortality with that expected from the New South Wales death rates adjusting for age and period. Their smoking habits were compared with national survey smoking rates and the expected number of lung cancer deaths adjusted for smoking. Cases were coded for occupation and industry. The observed mortality was higher than expected, but the only site of cancer showing a significant excess was the lung. The group with silicosis had smoked more than the national rates. After adjusting for smoking the standardized mortality ratio for lung cancer was 1.9 (95% confidence interval 1.5-2.3). Although there were differences in lung cancer mortality between industries and occupations, these differences were not statistically significant. The excess lung cancer death rate may not be entirely due to silica exposure because compensation may have been influenced by the presence of chronic obstructive respiratory disease and there is some evidence that the presence of this disease increases lung cancer risk independently of smoking.

Outdoor air pollution and lung cancer: recent epidemiologic evidence.

Outdoor air pollution and lung cancer: recent epidemiologic evidence.

Leanness and lung cancer risk: fact or artifact?

More than a dozen studies have examined the association between leanness and increased lung cancer risk. None of the prospective studies has been large enough to allow exclusion of smokers or persons with preexisting disease, two factors that cause both leanness and poor survival and thus may cause a spurious association between low body mass index and fatal lung cancer. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we examined this issue in a cohort of 941,105 U.S. adults enrolled in an American Cancer Society prospective study in 1982. During 14 years of follow-up, 14,066 people died of lung cancer. In analyses restricted to lifelong nonsmokers who did not report preexisting disease, leanness was not substantially associated with lung cancer mortality in men (rate ratio = 0.9; 95% confidence interval = 0.3-3.1) or in women (rate ratio = 1.2; 95% confidence interval = 0.7-2.1). However, leanness was associated with increased lung cancer risk in analyses that attempted to control for, rather than exclude, smokers and persons with preexisting disease. These data suggest that the association between leanness and lung cancer mortality is not causal but rather is an artifact of the effects of smoking and preexisting disease.

Clinical Preventive Medicine in Primary Care: Background and Practice: 1. Rationale and Current Preventive Practices

Clinical Preventive Medicine in Primary Care: Background and Practice: 1. Rationale and Current Preventive Practices

Análisis gompertziano de la mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón en España, 1968-1995

To analyse lung cancer mortality trend in Spain from 1968 to 1995, distinguishing effects due to environmental and competing factors. Age-standardised mortality rates from lung cancer are estimated using a world standard population. A graphical analysis of age, period, and cohort effects is made. Environmental and competing factors influencing in lung cancer mortality are quantify mediant the Gompertzian longitudinal analysis. Lung cancer mortality increased from 1968 to 1995 in Spanish men; in women, it rests nearly constant to 1989 but a light increase is shown from 1989 on. A cohort effect in men is appreciated but no detectable effect in women is shown by the age, period, and cohort analysis. Lung cancer in Spain is a Gompertzian disease with intersection point in 66 years for men and 76 years for women. Competing factors remained constant and environmental factors increased in men throughout the studied period. However, competing factor decreased in women to 1992, causing a decrease in mortality rates under 76 years; environmental factors remain constant in women. The evolution of environmental factors is responsible of the main part of changes in lung cancer mortality in men, and treatment improvements have had a little influence. In women, competing risks, probably the increase in breast cancer mortality, have prevent a increase in lung cancer mortality.

Tar concentrations in cigarettes and carcinogen content

Tar (and nicotine) content of cigarettes has decreased in developed countries for the past five decades, as measured by the Federal Trade Commission method, which ignores the qualitative nature of tar. This decrease seems, credibly, to have contributed partly to the decline in total lung-cancer mortality in men 1 Stellman SD Garfinkel L Lung cancer risk is proportional to cigarette tar yield: evidence from a prospective study. Prev Med. 1989; 18: 518-525 Crossref PubMed Scopus (41) Google Scholar in these countries.

Decreased cardiovascular disease and increasing cancer

To the Editor. —The article by Dr Davis and associates 1 deserves comment. The authors have excluded from "smoking-related cancers" primary cancers of the pancreas, kidney, and bladder. These are increased at least twofold in cigarette smokers compared with nonsmokers. 2 If these cancers had been excluded from the "non—smoking-related cancers," there would have been little increase in their incidence since 1900 in Fig 4 of the article. If most non—smoking-related cancers did not increase, why then does the risk of breast cancer increase 2.7-fold in recent cohorts of women, following the 6.5-fold rise of all smoking-related cancers? Smoking-related cancers reached a peak in those born in the 1950s. This observation confirms other reports of the importance of indoor tobacco smoke pollution at home on children and wives. Significant statistical associations exist between the rise of lung cancer mortality in men and increased death rates from breast cancer 20 or

Decreased Cardiovascular Disease and Increasing Cancer

To the Editor. —The article by Dr Davis and associates 1 deserves comment. The authors have excluded from primary cancers of the pancreas, kidney, and bladder. These are increased at least twofold in cigarette smokers compared with nonsmokers. 2 If these cancers had been excluded from the cancers, there would have been little increase in their incidence since 1900 in Fig 4 of the article. If most non—smoking-related cancers did not increase, why then does the risk of breast cancer increase 2.7-fold in recent cohorts of women, following the 6.5-fold rise of all smoking-related cancers? Smoking-related cancers reached a peak in those born in the 1950s. This observation confirms other reports of the importance of indoor tobacco smoke pollution at home on children and wives. Significant statistical associations exist between the rise of lung cancer mortality in men and increased death rates from breast cancer 20 or

Mutagenicity of chromates in bacteria and its relevance to chromate carcinogenesis.

THERE is abundant experimental evidence that certain chromium compounds are carcinogenic in animals1,2. There are also epidemiological data which suggest that chromium compounds are carcinogenic in man2,4. Calcium chromate especially, produces epithelial lung tumours both by intrabronchial implantation1 and sarcomata by intramuscular administration to rats3. In epidemiological studies Bidstrup and Case4 reported a significantly high lung cancer mortality in men who worked in chromate-producing factories, and concluded that the most likely explanation of this increased risk was due to an occupational carcinogen.