This talk will cover an atypical paradigm of large scale energy storage technology - the need for scalable energy storage using resources available at the point of use for sustained human presence in space exploration. For Lunar surface power reliability, large scale energy storage enables increased safety factor for power generation downtime, but the launch mass of energy storage makes scalable storage to the level of microgrids or grids unappealing. This is compounded by a central paradox of safe energy storage, that achieving high energy density intrinsically carries greater safety risk in storing greater energy in a smaller mass or volume. In situ resource utilization aims to solve both these problems, enabling safe and scalable energy storage to be deployed for Lunar surface power reliability. However, a long road remains between the nascent field of ISRU energy storage as it exists today and its needed destination to enable future sustained human presence on the Moon and Mars.This talk will survey applications of electrochemical energy storage technologies and concepts with a focus on how Lunar resources can principally drive the electrochemistry. Brief mention will be given to non-electrochemical technologies such as thermal or mechanical methods, but the emphasis will be on electrochemistry owing to rapid advances in electrochemical state-of-the-art on Earth. Examples will include beyond Li-ion intercalation chemistry, metal-air cells, redox flow batteries, and regenerative fuel cells, using Lunar regolith and water as primary resources. For each technology, the talk will highlight where the study of “Lunar electrochemistry” must deviate from current terrestrial research to enable energy storage optimized for ISRU, rather than a simple transplant of Earth technology to Lunar application.