Tuning the structure of lychee-like LaFeO3 for adjusting infrared stealth properties.

Drying-induced photoluminescence enhancement of gold nanoclusters for ultrafast and highly sensitive lateral flow assay detection of food contaminants.

This study investigated the energy and environment trade-offs of anaerobic digestion (AD) using invasive giant hogweed, agricultural residue canola straw, and cow manure by combining mesophilic batch tests with a gate-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA). Seven scenarios, comprising both mono-digestion and co-digestions were evaluated. Mono-digestion of Giant Hogweed achieved the highest specific biogas yield (671 LN/kg VS) and methane content (74.7%), with no detectable hydrogen sulphide (H2S), while co-digestion introduced mix-dependent trade-offs between gas yield and emissions. The LCA identified the combined emissions from manure and digestate storage as the primary hotspot for Global Warming Potential (GWP), contributing 53-67% of total emissions. Crop-based mono-digestion scenarios exhibited higher GWP per tonne but lower emissions per kWh due to superior energy recovery; the same pattern held for abiotic depletion (fossil and elements). Sensitivity analysis showed that a 50% cut in storage emissions reduced GWP by 27-34% across all scenarios. Scenarios with higher net electricity output achieved lower impact intensities per kWh. The study concludes that optimizing feedstock ratios and implementing advanced storage practices is critical for maximizing both energy recovery and environmental performance of AD systems.

Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in water-limited agroecosystems by novel integration of perennial grasses.

Operational and embodied emissions in life cycle analysis of Biopolymers in Northeastern United States buildings.

The escalating generation of biomass residues from oil palm, especially EFB, creates environmental pressures but also offers significant potential for sustainable utilization. Biochar, produced by pyrolysis of biomass waste, is increasingly recognized for its dual role in improving soil health and reducing carbon emissions. By employing a comprehensive, systematic approach to peer-reviewed sources, this paper evaluates the current scientific understanding of the potential agronomic, ecological, and economic contributions of biochar derived from empty fruit bunches. Employing a qualitative research design using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study adheres to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol. Data were collected by systematically identifying, screening, and selecting academic articles from the ScienceDirect database published between 2021 and 2025, using a refined Boolean keyword strategy. A total of 31 articles met all inclusion criteria, including relevance, open-access availability, and temporal scope. Thematic analysis was applied to synthesize findings across four domains: soil health, carbon sequestration, economic viability, and sustainable agriculture. Evidence suggests that EFB-based biochar positively affects soil chemistry by raising pH, improving nutrient retention, and stimulating microbial processes, while offering strong potential for carbon sequestration and lower GHG emissions. Economically, its integration into palm oil value chains demonstrates cost-saving and income-generating prospects. In conclusion, EFB biochar presents a viable solution for circular bioeconomy and climate-resilient agriculture. Future research is recommended to focus on long-term field trials, certification standards, and decentralized production models.

To summarize recent evidence in pediatric total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), highlighting advances in pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics, target-controlled infusion (TCI), electroencephalography (EEG)-guided titration, emerging agents, safety, and sustainability, and to provide clinicians with an updated, practical framework for pediatric TIVA practice. Recent evidence highlights major advances in pediatric TIVA, including clearer developmental pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic patterns, refined propofol-remifentanil dosing, and growing use of dexmedetomidine. Remimazolam shows promise but currently has limited pediatric evidence. Universal TCI models improve dosing accuracy across ages, while EEG-guided and combined pharmacokinetics-EEG strategies enhance safety in infants. TIVA reduces emergence delirium, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and perioperative respiratory adverse events; supports neurophysiologic monitoring; and yields substantially lower environmental greenhouse gas emissions than inhalation anesthesia. Pediatric TIVA is moving toward greater precision, safety, and sustainability. Moderate effect-site targets, opioid titration, and early down-titration remain central, particularly in neonates. Propofol infusion syndrome is exceedingly rare, and organ-protective effects of TIVA are reported in major surgery. Despite clinical and environmental advantages, adoption varies globally due to limited training, variable pump availability, and regulatory barriers. Expanding structured education and pediatric-specific TCI tools is essential for broader implementation.

A cellulose-based fluorescence aerogel for Hg2+ monitoring and its applications in food samples: From sensitive detection to efficient adsorption.

Abstract The Atlantic Niño/Niña, akin to the Pacific El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), is a dominant mode of interannual climate variability, exerting profound impacts on global climate. Previous studies show reversed changes in ENSO and IOD variability before and after 2100. However, the projected evolution of the Atlantic Niño/Niña beyond 2100 remains unknown. Here, we find the Atlantic Niño/Niña variability displays a sustained weakening toward the 23rd century under high and low emission scenarios. On the one hand, atmospheric stratification is stabilized in the equatorial Atlantic, reducing sensitivity of zonal wind to anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) gradient. On the other hand, weakened equatorial upwelling decreases SST sensitivity to thermocline anomalies. These changes suppress the Bjerknes feedback in the tropical Atlantic, leading to a sustained weakening of Atlantic Niño/Niña variability under persistent greenhouse warming, in sharp contrast to ENSO and the IOD. Such weakening in variability may further influence the predictability and global impacts of the Atlantic Niño/Niña, with potentially far-reaching ramifications.

Membrane technologies are widely adopted in water purification, gas separation, resource recovery and chemical production. However, membranes eventually reach their end-of-life (EOL) due to structural degradation and irrecoverable fouling, leading to incineration or landfilling which contradicts the sustainability and circular economy principles. Here we present a strategy to regenerate EOL membranes through dissolution in organic solvent followed by re-casting. The regenerated membrane exhibits more than fivefold higher water permeance with improved pollutant rejection compared to the EOL membrane, and even outperforms membrane fabricated from pristine polymer powders. This enhancement is attributed to the integration of residual foulants as pore-forming agents and hydrophilic additives. Moreover, the reduced entanglement density of EOL membrane improves its compatibility with solvent and foulants, enabling the formation of a dense separation layer in the regenerated membrane. This strategy achieves 38.4% lower CO2-eq emissions and 75.7% cost reduction, advancing sustainability and circularity of the membrane industry.

The goal of the study is to examine and assess the influence of various water sources, energy inputs, and their effect on carbon emissions. The approach included site visits to the textile production mill and discussions with both the production and commercial procurement teams to collect data from the last three calendar years. The findings and conclusions of this analysis show that Textile manufacturing contributes to a considerable amount of carbon emissions, approximately 3.1 kgCO2e/kg of nylon fabric. Purchasing electricity as an energy source generates the highest carbon emissions 3.03 kgCO2e/kg of nylon fabric, In contrast, the use of LPG fuel and Diesel fuel resulted in notably lower CO2 emissions. Additionally, this study assessed the emissions in the scope 1 and scope 2 categories during the textile processing stage, which contributed to 136535 kg CO2e. Personalization in the application of sizing chemicals using industry 4.0 techniques, such as warping, sizing and weaving can further minimize the consumption of resources, water, and energy. Prioritizing the design of waterless processes should be central to energy optimization efforts. Energy usage, which is directly related to the amount of water needed for the slashing process. Sizing processors are somewhat reluctant to adopt these changes due to the added production costs. Coordinated efforts from all stakeholders in the textile value chain are essential to address the sustainability challenges in textile manufacturing. This case study focuses on five out of the seventeen sustainable development goals (SDGs): 6-Clean water and sanitation, 7-Affordable and clean energy, 12-Responsible production and consumption, 13-Climate action, and 15-Life on land.

Hydrogen is a clean and sustainable energy source that has the potential to significantly lower carbon emissions worldwide and facilitate the switch to renewable energy sources. Meanwhile, one of the biggest obstacles to its broad use, is still sufficient hydrogen storage. This article provides a broad overview of hydrogen storage, tracing its historical development, exploring its diverse applications, examining technological advancements, addressing existing limitations, recent progress in reducing costs, and discussing the current state of the art in storage technologies, along with future directions for improvements in all forms of hydrogen storage methods. Therefore, this review highlights recent breakthroughs in hydrogen storage techniques, advances in cost reduction, and offers a step by step guide to designing next-generation functional hydrogen storage materials for improved performance, which are essential for both developed and developing hydrogen economies in cost reduction and better performance for hydrogen storage materials.

Optimizing injector nozzle configuration for high efficiency and low emissions in diesel engines fueled with biodiesel and n-butanol blends.

Rapid urban expansion poses growing challenges for balancing carbon emissions (CE), economic development, and ecological protection, particularly in coastal urban agglomerations. Although optimization–simulation approaches have been widely applied, explicit consideration of low-carbon objectives remains limited. To address this gap, this study proposes an integrated non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III)–patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) framework that combines multi-objective optimization with spatially explicit land-use simulation. Using multi-temporal land-use datasets (2000–2020) from the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), this research examined spatiotemporal land-use transitions and their co-evolution with CE, ecosystem services value (ESV), and GDP under five development scenarios. The results show that construction land expanded by 78% from 2000 to 2020, largely through cropland conversion, which pushed CE upward to 335.4 Mt. For 2030, the Low Carbon Emission scenario reduces CE by 11.8 Mt compared with the natural development scenario. The Balanced Development scenario maintains economic growth while limiting CE increases and stabilizing ESV. Spatially, scenario differences are limited in extent. Over 93% of areas remain unchanged, and variations are mainly concentrated in peri-urban corridors around the Guangzhou–Foshan core. Overall, the NSGA-III–PLUS framework provides a structured approach for coordinating carbon mitigation and land-use planning in rapidly urbanizing coastal areas.

This study develops a bottom-up carbon emission accounting framework at the urban community scale and applies it to 642 communities in Guangzhou, China, using the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification. Carbon emissions from buildings, transportation, water use, waste, and urban road lighting, together with green space carbon sinks, are quantified to establish a high-resolution spatiotemporal emission dataset. The results show that total community-scale carbon emissions range from 0 to 5852.88 tCO2, with building-related emissions dominating the carbon footprint and accounting for approximately 75% of the total emissions, followed by water use (15%) and waste (8%), while transportation and road lighting together contribute less than 3%. Building and transportation emissions exhibit pronounced temporal variability, with citywide building emissions peaking at 21:00 (994.6 tCO2 h−1). Strong spatial heterogeneity is observed across LCZ types and administrative districts. LCZ1 records the highest total emissions (60,401.71 tCO2), whereas LCZ6 exhibits substantially lower emissions due to greater green space coverage. Spatial autocorrelation analysis reveals significant clustering of high-emission communities (Global Moran’s I = 0.2486, p < 0.0001), indicating an outward diffusion of carbon emissions from central urban areas. These findings demonstrate the role of building energy use in carbon emissions and validate LCZ-based bottom-up accounting for mitigation.

Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) are recognized as effective collective models to accelerate decarbonization through shared renewable generation, consumption, and local flexibility provision. However, their large-scale deployment remains constrained by the temporal mismatch between variable renewable generation and strongly time-dependent demand, particularly in buildings where heating and cooling dominate final energy use. This state-of-the-art review provides an integrated and comparative assessment of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) within RECs, with explicit focus on power-to-heat (PtH) pathways and phase change material (PCM)-based cooling storage. Based on a structured analysis of the peer-reviewed literature published between 2015 and 2025, the review shows that TES represents a cost-effective and durable complement to electrochemical storage in heating- and cooling-dominated communities. Reported results indicate that TES integration can reduce peak electrical demand by 20–35%, increase local renewable self-consumption by 15–40%, and significantly lower required battery capacity in hybrid configurations. While BESS remains indispensable for short-term electrical balancing and fast-response grid services, TES offers lower costs per kWh stored, longer operational lifetimes (often exceeding 25–40 years), and lower lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, typically 70–85% lower than those of BESS when thermal energy is used directly. Among TES technologies, PCM-based systems demonstrate particular effectiveness in cooling-dominated RECs, enabling peak cooling power reductions of up to 30% through diurnal load shifting. Across climatic contexts, the literature converges on hybrid TES–BESS architectures as the most robust storage solution, with reported reductions in grid imports and renewable curtailment of up to 35–40%. In addition, TES uniquely enables seasonal energy shifting, for which no cost-competitive electrochemical alternative currently exists. Despite these advantages, the review identifies persistent gaps related to the limited availability of long-term operational data and the need for empirical validation of hybrid control strategies. Future research should prioritize multi-year field demonstrations, advanced data-driven energy management, and policy frameworks that explicitly recognize thermal flexibility and sector coupling within Renewable Energy Communities.

Comparative effectiveness of composting sun-dried versus insect-bioconverted chicken manure: Impacts on maturity, early plant development, gaseous emissions, and microbial communities.

Low-carbon livestock strategies in the Brazilian Pampa biome: Insights from a life cycle comparison of native and integrated systems.

This study investigates the impact of hydrogen enrichment (3, 6, and 9 LPM) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticle doping (50 and 100 ppm) on the combustion, performance, and emission behavior of a compression ignition (CI) engine fueled with a 20% eucalyptus biodiesel–diesel blend (BD20). Experimental trials were conducted under variable engine load conditions to comprehensively evaluate ignition delay (ID), cylinder pressure, heat release rate (HRR), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), and key exhaust emissions. Hydrogen induction significantly improved combustion characteristics, with peak pressure rising to 85 bar and HRR increasing by 63.7 J/°CA. The shortest ignition delay (10.0°CA) was achieved with BD20 + H2 (9 LPM) + Ce100 at full load, reflecting a 44% reduction compared to diesel. BTE improved by up to 14.5%, while BSEC decreased by 23.9% over BD20. Emission analysis showed notable reductions in CO (−24.0%), HC (−13.2%), and smoke (−11.3%) with increasing hydrogen and CeO2 concentrations. However, NOx emissions increased by 20.9%, attributed to elevated combustion temperatures from hydrogen’s high reactivity. The novelty of this work lies in its integrated investigation of eucalyptus biodiesel, hydrogen, and CeO2 nanoparticles in a dual-fuel mode, which has been sparsely addressed in earlier literature.

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the technical efficiency (TE) of fuel flow during aircraft descents at Sabiha Gökçen Airport, the second busiest in Türkiye, and identify the operational factors most strongly influencing descent efficiency. Design/methodology/approach Real flight data (n = 42) from a commonly used narrow-body aircraft equipped with a CFM56-7B engine were analysed. Variable selection was performed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), followed by panel data analysis and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), to estimate TE scores and determine key fuel flow drivers. The analysis reflects the behaviour of a single aircraft type operating in a specific airport environment. Findings Most flights achieved TE scores between 0.50 and 0.75, with the most efficient ranging from 0.70 to 0.74. Fuel efficiency was primarily affected by flight path angle (FPA) and true airspeed (TAS). Moderate FPAs (2.5°–3.0° at 3,000–18,000 ft and 3.5°–4.0° at 18,000–24,000 ft) and balanced speeds (191–270 knots) were associated with lower fuel consumption. These numerical results are context-dependent and should be interpreted as proof-of-concept rather than universally generalizable findings. Research limitations/implications Detailed flight profiles cannot be shown in the manuscript because individual descent trajectories derived from flight data record data are confidential. The data set is limited to one aircraft type and one airport; therefore, the empirical results should be interpreted within this operational context. Practical implications The results provide preliminary, context-specific strategies that may help airlines, pilots and air navigation service providers optimize descent profiles, reduce fuel burn and lower emissions at high-density airports. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to integrate real flight data, LASSO-based variable selection and SFA to quantify descent fuel efficiency at the airport level, demonstrating a methodological framework that can be extended and validated using broader data sets in future research.