Emotional eating is associated with overweight/obesity and lower socioeconomic status. Food-related emotional expectancies-the anticipated emotional outcomes of consuming different foods-are theorised to be some of the potential drivers of emotional eating, and to be amenable to modification. However, the study of food-related emotional expectancies in relation to overweight/obesity and socioeconomic status is limited, with no qualitative research. This co-produced, mixed-methods study investigated lived experiences of food-related emotional expectancies in a sample of individuals with overweight/obesity differing in socioeconomic status. Twelve participants (age 41.42±16.24 years) engaged in semi-structured interviews, completed the Anticipated Effects of Food Scale, and reported sociodemographic information. Nutrition information was obtained for foods mentioned in free responses, and categorising foods based on the nutrient profiling model indicated that foods high in fat, sugar, and/or salt were frequently implicated in accounts of positive and negative expectancies. Deductive thematic analysis generated five themes: (1) food as friend and foe; (2) social influences on the formation of food-related emotional expectancies; (3) changes in food-related emotional expectancies after stressful life events; (4) childhood and adulthood body image impacts on food-related emotional expectancies; and (5) food-related emotional expectancies as an inner battle. Participants with low socioeconomic status (n=7) provided accounts of negative experiences in childhood that contributed to their food-related emotional expectancies. On the Anticipated Effects of Food Scale, there was a trend for participants with lower versus higher socioeconomic status to report stronger positive and negative expectancies. Changing food-related emotional expectancies may reduce emotional eating and socioeconomic disparities in overweight/obesity.

Childhood socioeconomic status and changes in biological aging across mid-to-later life.

Street view-based exposure to greenspace and mortality: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a screening program as compared to usual care in identifying patients with post-partum depression: a cohort study of 20,448 births in Bizkaia (Spain).

Antenatal, pregnancy and delivery risk factors for infant cerebral palsy: an umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews.

The goal of this paper is to identify environmental, behavioral, and genetic predictors and early midlife correlates of problematic alcohol Use (PAU) patterns from adolescence to early midlife. The data are from 1463 twin individuals (60.5% female) in the population-based FinnTwin12 cohort born 1983-1987. PAU was assessed at ages 14, 22 and 37 using symptoms of alcohol use disorder (AUD) obtained from psychiatric interviews, mmMAST scores, and the AUDIT. Self-reported health and well-being were assessed at age 37. A behavioral and environmental risk index (BERI) was created by summing six risk factors: low socioeconomic status in childhood, family history of AUD, childhood externalizing and internalizing behaviors, adolescent substance use, peer substance use, and stressful life events in adolescence. The twins' genetic predispositions were indexed using polygenic scores for externalizing behavior (PGSEXT), PAU (PGSPAU), and depression (PGSMDD). Twins were classified into four PAU groups: Never (n = 599, reference), Remitted (n = 480), Persistent (n = 271), and Late-onset (n = 113). When included in the same model, both BERI and PGSEXT were significantly associated with Remitted PAU, while BERI scores and PGSPAU were significantly associated with Persistent PAU. Compared to the Never PAU group, individuals in the Persistent and Late-onset PAU groups reported lower educational attainment, poorer physical health, lower relationship satisfaction, lower life satisfaction, a worse financial situation, more depressive symptoms, recurrent pain, and sleep problems, and were less likely to be partnered or have children. Persistent PAU was associated with the most negative outcomes in early midlife, and childhood and adolescent risk factors and genetic risk as indexed by PGSPAU were strong predictors of group membership. Late-onset PAU may be the result of novel stressors in adulthood, given the lack of association with childhood and adolescent environmental risk or genetic risk.

SES bias in facial trustworthiness judgments: The roles of perceivers' SES and implicit SES stereotypes.

The cardiovascular conundrum in Non-Hispanic Black emerging adults: multiethnic differences in its association with emotion regulation strategies and socioeconomic status.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) now require the collection of preoperative and postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for elective inpatient Medicare total joint arthroplasty procedures. There are concerns CMS will utilize the percentage of patients meeting the substantial clinical benefit (SCB) threshold in determining hospital reimbursement. However, understanding of what drives SCB achievement remains limited. Using a prospectively collected registry of total knee arthroplasty patients between January 2020 and June 2023, eligible patients were categorized into two groups, designated "improvement" and "nonimprovement," based on their attainment or lack of attainment of the established SCB threshold. Cohort demographics and preoperative/postoperative PROMs were compared. Cluster analyses were performed to evaluate for patient characteristics impacting SCB achievement status. In total, 1,240 of 1,860 patients (66.7%) completed preoperative and postoperative PROMs data and met inclusion criteria for this study. Patients achieving SCB represented 66.1% of included patients (820 of 1,240). There were very few demographic differences between "improvement" and "nonimprovement" groups; the improvement group was notable for more women (66.6 versus 58.3%, P = 0.02). Cluster analyses revealed characteristics associated with likely SCB achievement included younger age, non-White race, Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, lower level of education, and worse preoperative pain and functioning scores. The implication of PROMs and SCB in reimbursement within the CMS patient population has far-reaching consequences across the field of arthroplasty. We found that Medicaid insurance and lower education level (factors associated with lower socioeconomic status) were not associated with failure to achieve SCB. In addition, non-White race and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity were associated with SCB achievement, indicating that these policies may not be exacerbating existing inequities in arthroplasty care. Further work is necessary to maximize PROMs collection and SCB achievement while prioritizing patient outcomes. Prognostic level III.

Mediating effect of sex hormones and modification of lifestyle: Association between pyrethroid exposure and hypertension.

Our goal was to explore and compare risk factors, patterns of management and survival outcomes in Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous Australian patients using the Victorian Lung Cancer Registry (VLCR). A retrospective observational cohort study of the VLCR. Data collected from the VLCR between 18 January 2011 and 24 January 2024. Primary lung cancer patients in the VLCR. Patient, disease and management characteristics of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian patients. Impacts of patient and clinical variables on treatment and survival, measured by multivariable Cox regression and propensity-matched survival analysis. We included 186 Indigenous and 17,439 non-Indigenous Australian patients. Indigenous Australian lung cancer patients were younger in age {median, 62 years (interquartile range [IQR], 55-69 years) vs. median, 71 years (IQR, 63-77 years); p < 0.001}, had lower socio-economic status (lowest quintile, 57 patients [31%] vs. 3274 patients [19%]; p < 0.001), were more likely to be current smokers (118 patients [65%] vs. 5963 patients [35%]; p < 0.001) and had higher levels of respiratory comorbidity (64 patients [34%] vs. 4088 patients [23%]; p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in receipt of guideline-concordant treatment (82 patients [51%] vs. 8036 patients [56%]; p = 0.12) and survival outcomes (median survival, 1.4 vs. 1.5 years; hazard ratio, 1.06 [95% confidence interval, 0.88-1.27]). We found lung cancer patients of Indigenous status were more likely to have demographic disadvantage and clinical risk factors that may contribute to discrepancies in management compared with patients of non-Indigenous status. Identifying barriers to healthcare and treatment in the Indigenous Australian population is an important research priority to improve disparities between the two populations.

How economic threat shapes contact intentions toward refugees: The buffering role of religion-based superordinate identity and moral emotions

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has poor survival despite advances in multidisciplinary care. While many patients do not undergo resection due to advanced disease or comorbidity, a small fraction refuse surgery despite recommendations. This study evaluated the association between surgical refusal and overall survival (OS) and identified factors associated with refusal of surgery. We performed a retrospective cohort study using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), 2004-2019. Sociodemographic (age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, insurance, distance, rurality, facility type) and clinical variables (stage, grade, treatment) were analyzed. Associations with refusal were assessed using chi-square/Wilcoxon tests. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier test with log-rank testing and evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. The cohort included 108,978 patients with PDAC (mean age 69.3 years; 50.9% women). Stage I disease comprised 25.8% of the overall cohort. Among patients recommended for surgery, 24.8% underwent resection and 2.2% refused. Refusal was associated with older age (mean 77.5 years), female sex (58.6%), and early stage at diagnosis (stage I: 46.8% among refusers), as well as lower income, rural residence, treatment at comprehensive cancer centers, closer proximity to the treatment center, Medicare insurance, and absence of prior chemotherapy (all p<0.001). Patients who underwent surgery had longer median survival than those who refused (64 vs. 57.1 months), with higher 1-year and 5-year OS (98% and 48% vs. 93% and 40%; log-rank p<0.0001). Refusal of surgery among patients with PDAC is uncommon but is associated with worse OS. Older age, female sex, lower socioeconomic status, rural residence, and early-stage diagnosis were associated with refusal. These factors serve as targetable interventions for decreasing surgery refusal rates.

Age-specific loss of life expectancy after hip fracture in Asian adults: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

While substantial efforts have been made to learn more about youth community violence exposure (CVE) and its wide-ranging impact, less is known about the effects of different types of CVE on mental health outcomes, particularly internalizing behavior, across contextual factors. The current study examines types of CVE (i.e., hearing/learning about, witnessing, and victimization) across gender, age, socioeconomic status (SES), and racial and ethnic group (White, African American/Black, and Latinx) in a diverse sample of youth seeking treatment at a university-based pediatric anxiety clinic. Older age (adolescence), male gender, and lower SES were associated with increased rates of CVE. Victimization was positively and significantly correlated with hearing reports of violence against familiars but negatively associated with hearing reports of violence against strangers, suggesting that youth who are victimized often have family or close friends who are also victims of violence, and those who hear about violence against strangers may be safe from victimization in some regards. Results from this study suggest that Black youth, in comparison to White youth, may experience more internalizing symptoms as the result of indirect CVE. For those who witnessed violence against people they know, Latinx youth reported lower levels of anxiety compared to both Black and White youth. In light of these results, potential risk and protective factors associated with CVE and presenting symptoms are discussed.

The association between generative artificial intelligence use and foreign language classroom anxiety.

School active commuting is a key behavior to promote physical activity in children, yet limited evidence exists in Chile. This study examined its prevalence and associated factors among Chilean schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Chilean National Physical Activity and Sports Habits Survey, including a subsample of 1137 children aged 5-10 years derived from a nationally representative survey. School active commuting was defined as the dependent variable. Independent variables included sex, area of residence, socioeconomic status (SES), caregiver's education, self-rated health, leisure activities, and home-based physical or sedentary behaviors. About one in three children (35%) reported commuting actively to school. Boys showed higher participation than girls, and active commuting was more common among children from lower SES households and among those whose caregivers had lower educational attainment. Children who preferred physical activities during leisure time were also more likely to commute actively. No differences were observed by geographic area, self-rated health, or home-based activity levels. Schools and local communities should work together to ensure safe, equitable, and accessible environments that support active commuting. Active commuting remains low in Chilean children, emphasizing the need for multisectoral policies to promote physical activity and reduce inequalities.

How effective are national tobacco prevention and cessation campaigns in reaching youth? Population assessment of tobacco and health, Wave 7 insights.

We previously reported that young adults and young women in particular account for an increasing share of mental healthcare expenditure in the Netherlands. Here we aim to explore temporal patterns of mental healthcare expenditure over the period 2015-2020 by urbanicity and neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES), as well as their interaction with age. We used comprehensive data from health insurers in the Netherlands at the 4-number postal code level. We used postal-code-clustered weighted linear regression to examine temporal patterns of mental healthcare expenditure by urbanicity and SES. Additionally, we analysed interactions with age group (18-34 vs 35-65) by adding the interaction between age, year, and either urbanicity or neighbourhood SES to the model. All models were adjusted for urbanicity, neighbourhood SES, sex, and age. We found a gradient in mental healthcare costs by urbanicity and neighbourhood SES in the Netherlands, which was stable over time. The standardized regression coefficient for transformed total mental healthcare costs in the highest urbanicity group was 0.51 (95%-CI = 0.47;0.56) and -0.58 (95%-CI = -0.61;-0.54) in the highest neighbourhood SES group. The association younger age (18-34) with mental healthcare costs was less strong in urban areas and neighbourhoods with lower SES. To understand mental healthcare usage the intersection of sociodemographic factors such as age, urbanicity and SES should be taken into account. This can aid initiatives for prevention and improving access to care.

Depression is the most common mental disorder in older adults, yet it often remains underrecognized and undertreated despite its serious consequences. This study tested the behavioral model of depression in older adults, using a framework synthesized from the original model and recent systematic reviews. It also incorporated developmentally specific constructs, particularly ego integrity, or meaning in life. A total of 215 older adults (M = 73.6; SD = 5.83; 31% male) completed questionnaires measuring model variables. The original model was not supported, as it did not fit the data. Further analysis revealed predictors explaining 61% of depression variance: emotion-oriented coping, lower avoidant coping, lower social support, lower socio-economic status, lower meaning in life, greater acute impairment, and more sleep disturbances. Findings offer clinically relevant insights for improving intervention strategies in late-life depression, emphasizing the value of addressing meaning in life, coping styles, and functional impairment in therapeutic practice.