Observations of Titan were performed on the 4 November 2022 with the Near Infra- Red Spectrometer (NIRSpec) onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The observation is a spectro-image of Titan taken about two and a half years before the northern autumnal equinox. This spectro-image at low phase angle covers a spectral range between 0.95 to 5 . 27 μ m and has a spectral resolving power R= λ / Δ λ =2700. Titan was resolved with about eight pixels across the disk, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 643 km at the centre of Titan. However, the data was resampled to obtain a final spectro-image with thirty pixels across the disk. In this study, we retrieved the distribution of the photochemical haze (above 80 km) and the condensate mist layer (below 80 km) as a function of latitude and altitude. Due to the high NIRSpec spectral resolution, we can distinguish five mist sublayers. We found a haze distribution with extinctions increasing from the north to the south, consistent with the direction of stratospheric meridional winds. The distribution of the mist layer depends on both the circulation and the thermodynamic conditions relating to cloud formation. We found an upper mist layer, above 40 km, having a latitudinal distribution similar to the haze with an increase from north to south. The lower mist, below 40 km, has a minimum around 10 ° N and increases toward the north and the south. The retrieved mist layer also presents a significant increase in extinction that emerges from the background at an altitude of around 50 to 60 km in the southern hemisphere. Finally, we retrieved the surface reflectivity that varies with latitude but is always spectrally consistent with the reflectivity of water ice grains with radius 100 μ m . These results yield important constraints for climate models and, in return, climate models such as the Titan Planetary Climate Model (PCM) will help to fully understand the meaning of our results.

Usefulness of the bioimpedance phase angle in identifying older adults with poor muscle properties: The Shizuoka study.

With prolonged waiting times for deceased-donor kidney transplantation (DDKT) in Japan, objective data on frailty among wait-listed patients are limited. We assessed frailty using body composition and nutritional measures to identify predictors of 1year mortality or hospitalization. We retrospectively analyzed 134 patients on the DDKT waiting list starting December 2023. Body composition was assessed using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Nutritional indices, including Survival Index, Prognostic Nutritional Index, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, and Nutrition Risk Index for Japanese Hemodialysis Patients, were calculated. Handgrip strength was also measured. Death or hospitalization within 1year was defined as an event. Random forest and SHapley Additive Explanation analyses were used to identify predictors of event occurrence. Among 134 patients (median age 58years, 68% male), 40% had obesity, 24% had sarcopenia, and nearly 50% exhibited malnutrition. The median dialysis duration was 10years. During 1year, 34 events (25%) occurred: seven deaths and 27 hospitalizations secondary to infection, malignancy, or heart failure. The fat mass index/fat-free mass index (FMI/FFMI) ratio was the strongest event predictor, followed by low grip strength, reduced SMI, low Survival Index, and low phase angle. Age, comorbidity index, and several nutritional indices showed limited predictive contributions. A significant number of Japanese DDKT candidates demonstrated frailty characterized by obesity, sarcopenia, and malnutrition. Objective indicators, particularly FMI/FFMI, may aid in evaluating vulnerability and eligibility during registration and renewal. Integrating these measures into standardized national criteria may improve equity and outcomes in DDKT candidate selection.

Nutrition assessment in patients receiving parenteral nutrition often relies on classical parameters with limited prognostic value. Morphofunctional tools such as phase angle and handgrip strength measurement offer a more comprehensive evaluation of nutrition status and may better predict clinical outcomes. To evaluate the predictive value of phase angle and handgrip strength for 12-month mortality in hospitalized patients receiving parenteral nutrition. A retrospective observational study was conducted in 614 patients treated with parenteral nutrition. Anthropometric assessments were realized. Morphofunctional assessments included bioelectrical impedance analysis to determine phase angle and dynamometry to measure handgrip strength. Survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier curves and cutoff values by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Six hundred fourteen patients received parenteral nutrition, with a mean age of 64 ± 14.6 years; 58.2% were male. After 1 year, the mortality rate was 26.1%, and the average hospital stay was 27.9 ± 23.8 days. Twelve-month survival was reduced in patients with low phase angle (57%) and low handgrip strength (62.8%) compared with those with preserved values (84% and 82.2%, respectively). In the multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index, each unit increase in phase angle and handgrip strength was associated with a 4% and 2% reduction in mortality odds, respectively (phase angle: odds ratio [OR], 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5-0.7; P < 0.001; handgrip strength: OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.9-1.0; P = 0.03624). Phase angle and handgrip strength are predictors of 12-month mortality in patients receiving parenteral nutrition.

Background: Nutritional status and lifestyle factors are increasingly recognized as relevant modulators of women's reproductive health. However, data remain limited on the relationship between body composition, dietary habits, and menstrual cycle characteristics in apparently healthy young women. This study aimed to assess nutritional status, body composition, and lifestyle behaviors in young women and to explore their associations with menstrual cycle regularity. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 49 apparently healthy women aged 19-30 years. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Dietary habits were evaluated through a simplified food frequency questionnaire, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the PREDIMED score. Physical activity was estimated using MET values based on the Compendium of Physical Activities. Menstrual cycle characteristics were collected via questionnaire. Group comparisons were performed between women with regular and irregular menstrual cycles. Results: The sample was predominantly normal-weight (mean BMI 22.36 ± 4.26 kg/m2). Anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance parameters did not differ significantly between women with regular and irregular cycles. Women with irregular cycles showed higher resistance and extracellular water and lower phase angle and body cell mass, although differences were not statistically significant. A significant association was found for meat consumption, which was lower in women with irregular cycles (p = 0.007). No associations were observed for other dietary variables, physical activity, or meal frequency. Conclusions: Menstrual regularity in young women was not associated with major anthropometric differences but may be linked to subtle aspects of nutritional status and dietary habits. Lower meat consumption emerged as a potential dietary factor associated with menstrual irregularity. Although associations were modest, these findings support the relevance of nutritional and lifestyle factors in menstrual health. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to clarify these relationships.

Background/Objectives: Malnutrition and altered body composition are frequent in chronic heart failure (HF) and are associated with worse functional status and prognosis. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is increasingly used in nutritional assessment, although its interpretation may be confounded by fluid overload. This study aimed to evaluate the association between BIA-derived parameters and clinical and biochemical markers of disease severity in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure. Methods: This cross-sectional study included adult outpatients with chronic HF consecutively assessed in a specialised HF unit. Nutritional evaluation comprised anthropometry, handgrip strength, rectus femoris muscle ultrasound and BIA. Phase angle (PA) and hydration-related parameters were analysed in relation to New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels. Multivariable regression models adjusted for relevant clinical and BIA variables were applied. Results: A total of 115 patients were included (mean age 68.2 ± 12.6 years; 71.3% men). Mean PA was 4.6 ± 1.1°. Lower PA was independently associated with greater dyspnoea severity (p = 0.026) and higher NT-proBNP concentrations (p = 0.014). Higher total body water was positively associated with symptom burden (p = 0.013) and NT-proBNP levels (p < 0.001) and showed good discriminatory performance for identifying patients in the highest NT-proBNP quartile. Conclusions: In ambulatory patients with chronic HF, BIA-derived parameters reflecting cellular integrity and hydration status are independently associated with clinical and biochemical markers of disease severity. BIA may provide complementary information in nutritional assessment, although hydration-related confounding should be carefully considered. Future longitudinal studies should determine whether these bioimpedance-derived parameters can improve risk stratification and nutritional assessment in chronic heart failure.

Prevalence, Incidence, and Associated Factors of Possible Sarcopenia in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives The phase angle, which is associated with cellular health, has garnered increasing attention as a noninvasive and objective method for nutritional assessment. However, the association between malnutrition and phase angle in patients with acute myeloid leukemia remains unreported. Therefore, this study investigated this association in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and established a cut-off phase angle for identifying malnutrition. Methods and Study Design This cross-sectional study retrospectively analysed the data of 74 inpatients with acute myeloid leukemia (66.21% male; mean age, 52.68 ± 16.31 years). Nutritional status was assessed via the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Bioelectrical impedance analysis was employed to measure phase angles. Results The phase angle was negatively associated with malnutrition (B = −0.436; p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that a low skeletal muscle index (SMI) (p = 0.016, OR = 5.021, 95% CI 1.347–18.716) and hemoglobin deficiency (p = 0.009, OR = 6.133, 95% CI 1.582–23.770) were risk factors for a low phase angle (PA) in acute myeloid leukemia inpatients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.705. The cut-off phase angle for identifying malnutrition was 3.65° (sensitivity, 0.926; specificity, 0.553). Conclusions The phase angle may serve as a supplementary indicator of malnutrition in inpatients with acute myeloid leukemia, particularly when the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) is not feasible. These findings may aid in the formulation of nutritional strategies for these patients.

Background and Objectives: Phase angle (PhA) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis reflects muscle quality and cellular integrity and has been associated with functional outcomes after stroke. However, its relationship with functional status at hospital admission and potential sex-based differences remains unclear. This study investigated the association between PhA and functional status at admission in post-stroke patients undergoing convalescent rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 250 post-stroke patients admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation hospital. PhA was measured at admission and classified into high and low groups using sex-specific cutoffs. Functional status was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), and the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). Sex-stratified logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between functional variables and low PhA. Results: Patients with low PhA showed significantly poorer balance, ambulation, and activities of daily living (ADL) than those with high PhA. In men, low balance (BBS < 41) and low ambulation ability (FAC < 3) were independently associated with low PhA. In women, low ADL performance (K-MBI < 75) was independently associated with low PhA, while balance and ambulation were not. Conclusions: PhA was significantly associated with functional status at admission in post-stroke patients, with distinct sex-specific patterns. PhA may serve as a simple and non-invasive adjunct indicator of functional vulnerability when interpreted with consideration of sex differences.

Phase angle (PhA), derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), is a non-invasive parameter that reflects cellular integrity and nutritional status. Although PhA is increasingly used in pediatric settings, evidence on modifiable determinants in healthy adolescents remains limited. This study was conducted in 56 adolescents (median age 16 years) who underwent BIA measurement including PhA at 50 kHz. Lifestyle and diet were assessed using the validated questionnaire and included physical activity level (school and free time), sleep length, and diet quality indices together with selected food intake frequencies. The median PhA was 5.16° (IQR 4.88-5.46). In multivariable models, male sex (B = 0.96, p < 0.001) and higher free-time physical activity were independently associated with higher PhA, with graded effects for moderate (B = 0.42, p = 0.004) and high activity (B = 0.55, p = 0.001) versus low. Dietary indices and individual food items did not retain significance after adjustment. Penalized logistic models confirmed lower odds of low PhA with moderate (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: -3.66 to -0.56) and high (OR: 0.01, 95% CI: -9.15 to -1.87) versus low free-time activity. In healthy adolescents, habitual free-time physical activity is the main factor of PhA. These findings support the promotion of physical activity in youth as a modifiable determinant of cellular health.

Extracellular water-to-total body water ratio predicts phenoconversion in REM sleep behavior disorder: A bioimpedance-based cohort study.

Sex-specific ultrasound thresholds of rectus femoris assessment in disease-related malnutrition: A cross-sectional analysis.

Polyurethane (PU) mixtures exhibit superior mechanical performance compared to traditional asphalt mixtures, owing to the excellent engineering properties of the PU binder. This study investigates the dynamic rheological properties of an open-graded polyurethane mixture (PUM–OGFC) in comparison with a dense-graded polyurethane mixture (PUM–AC). The time–temperature superposition principle and three rheological models (Standard Logistic Sigmoid (SLS), Generalized Logistic Sigmoid (GLS), and Havriliak–Negami (HN)) were employed to construct and analyze master curves. The results show that while PUM–AC possesses a higher dynamic modulus, PUM–OGFC exhibits a lower phase angle, indicating a more elastic response. Critically, PUM–OGFC demonstrated superior rutting resistance, as evidenced by its higher rutting parameter (|E*|/sin δ). Aggregate gradation significantly influenced all rheological properties. The master curve analysis further revealed that PUM–OGFC exhibits greater temperature sensitivity than PUM–AC. The SLS and GLS models provided excellent fits for both dynamic modulus and phase angle data, whereas the HN model was suitable only for dynamic modulus. In summary, the open-graded structure, when combined with a PU binder, creates a high-performance composite with an exceptional balance of elasticity and rutting resistance, showcasing its potential for demanding pavement applications.

Phase angle (PhA), as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, provides insights into hydration and nutritional status, making it a prognostic indicator of frailty. While low preoperative PhA has been linked to postoperative complications in cancer patients, its predictive value in individuals undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to evaluate the clinical utility of preoperative PhA in predicting postoperative complications for patients undergoing PD. Among 41 patients who underwent PD at Seoul National University Hospital between September and December 2024, 35 were included in the analysis after excluding 6 patients who had concomitant blood vessel or other organ resections. Patients were divided into low (Comprehensive Complication Index [CCI] ≤ 20) and high (CCI > 20) complication groups based on the CCI, derived from the Clavien-Dindo classification. The differences in PhA between the two groups were analyzed, and logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between PhA and CCI. The mean PhA was significantly lower in the high-CCI group compared to the low-CCI group (5.7° vs. 6.7°, p = 0.025). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that PhA (odds ratio: 0.17; 95% confidence interval: 0.04-0.68; p = 0.012) was an independent predictor of high CCI. A low preoperative PhA was associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications following PD. Preoperative PhA may serve as a valuable predictive indicator of postoperative complications after PD, enabling the identification of patients who could benefit from preoperative prehabilitation, including nutritional support.

Phase angle measured by bioimpedance is considered to reflect muscle quality and nutritional status. This study investigated the associations of phase angle and its 5-year change with all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older Japanese adults. A total of 1,291 Japanese adults aged ≥65 years with phase angle measured in 2012 were followed-up for a median of 10.3 years. Participants were divided into age-and sex-specific quartiles of phase angle and into quartiles of 5-year change in phase angle beyond standard age-related decline, defined as the difference between actually measured and estimated values from the linear regression line between phase angle values measured in 2007 and 2012. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. During follow-up, 347 participants died. The lowest quartile of phase angle showed a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with the highest quartile after multivariable adjustment (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.10–2.02). A similar trend was observed for 5-year change in phase angle beyond age-related decline (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.03–1.97). Lower phase angle and greater decline beyond age-related expectations were associated with increased mortality risk. Phase angle may provide a simple, noninvasive measure of mortality risk in older adults.

IntroductionThe phase angle (PhA), derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), serves as an indicator of cellular health and body composition. While associated with muscle strength and exercise capacity in various conditions, its clinical relevance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requires further characterization. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between PhA, muscle strength, and physical function among individuals with COPD.MethodsBetween June 2024 and August 2025, 112 male patients with COPD and 20 healthy male controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Assessments included pulmonary function, body composition via BIA, handgrip strength, knee extension strength, walking speed, and other clinical indicators. Relationships were analyzed using multivariable linear and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models.ResultsPhA values were significantly lower in COPD patients than in healthy controls. Stratification of COPD patients by PhA revealed that a lower PhA was associated with progressively worse muscle strength, exercise capacity, and other clinical markers. Multivariable linear regression analyses demonstrated that a lower PhA was independently associated with slower walking speed (β = 0.061, p < 0.001) and reduced knee extension strength (β = 1.15, p = 0.002). Furthermore, PhA was selected as a key predictor in a prognostic model for severe physical impairment derived from the LASSO regression analysis.ConclusionIn this cross-sectional study, a lower PhA is independently associated with muscle weakness and impaired physical performance in men with COPD. These findings suggest that PhA may serve as a useful biomarker for assessing nutritional and functional status in this population. However, the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference, and the diagnostic utility of PhA for COPD itself is not established.

Background: Vegetarian diets are becoming increasingly popular among young adults. The aim of this study was to examine the association between adherence to a vegetarian diet and body composition parameters in young adult women. Methods: A sample of 647 young adult women, mainly university students from Slovakia, consisting of 66 vegetarians (22.02 ± 2.74 years old) and 581 omnivores (21.13 ± 2.20 years old) was analysed. Body composition was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyser, the InBody 770. Information on participants’ diet was collected using a modified version of the WHO STEPS 2014 questionnaire. Results: Vegetarian women showed significantly lower phase angle (PhA) values compared with omnivores (5.06 ± 0.45 vs. 5.23 ± 0.48; p = 0.004). They also had a higher extracellular-to-total body water ratio (ECW/TBW; 0.382 ± 0.004 vs. 0.380 ± 0.005; p = 0.026). In multivariable linear regression adjusted for smoking status, physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), vegetarian diet remained independently associated with lower PhA (β = −0.094; p = 0.011) and higher ECW/TBW (β = 0.085; p = 0.028). No significant indirect associations between a vegetarian diet and PhA or ECW/TBW through smoking status or physical activity were observed. Conclusions: In this study of young adult Slovak women, adherence to a vegetarian diet was independently associated with lower PhA and a higher ECW/TBW ratio. These findings indicate differences in BIA-derived indicators of cellular integrity and fluid distribution between vegetarian and omnivorous women, although causal relationships cannot be inferred.

BackgroundAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness and respiratory decline. Sarcopenia remains underexplored in terms of prevalence and their relationship with disease progression. We aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in ALS patients, assess the predictive value of morphofunctional assessment tools for sarcopenia, and explore their relationship with respiratory function and disease progression.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 40 ALS patients at the ALS Multidisciplinary Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital in Granada. Sarcopenia was defined based on the European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People 2(EWGSOP2) and malnutrition was diagnosed using GLIM criteria. Morphofunctional status was assessed using: Phase Angle (PA) and body composition by Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis, muscle strength through Handgrip Strength (HGS). Respiratory function was evaluated using Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). Associations between sarcopenia, body composition, respiratory function, and disease severity were analyzed using logistic regression models. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to identify optimal predictive cut-off values.ResultsSarcopenia was identified in 25% of ALS patients. Compared with non-sarcopenic individuals, sarcopenic patients exhibited significantly lower muscle mass indices, PA, and HGS, along with higher extracellular water percentage (%ECW). Malnutrition was more frequent in sarcopenia group (90% vs. 25%, p < 0.001). Respiratory impairment was more pronounced in sarcopenic patients, with reduced FVC and elevated pCO₂ (p = 0.02), and a greater need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) (70% vs. 10%, p = 0.001). VC correlated positively with body cell mass index (BCMI) (r = 0.450), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) (r = 0.413), and ALSFRS-R score (r = 0.731; all p < 0.05). Lower PA, BCMI, and ALSFRS-R scores, together with higher %ECW and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO₂), predicted sarcopenia risk. Reduced BCMI, HGS, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and sarcopenia were associated with the need of NIMV. BCMI (cut-off:8.05 kg/m2; AUC:0.889) and ALSFRS-R (cut-off:33 points; AUC:0.884) were the most accurate predictors of sarcopenia and ventilatory support, respectively.ConclusionThis study is the first to assess sarcopenia prevalence in ALS patients using standardized diagnostic criteria. The findings highlight the relationship between sarcopenia, malnutrition, and respiratory decline. PA, BCMI, and respiratory parameters emerge as potential tools for sarcopenia and NIMV risk stratification.

Abstract Background Ulcerative Colitis (UC) presents with inflammatory, nutritional, and metabolic alterations. Patients with UC show significant modifications in lipid profiles associated with clinical severity, including reductions in total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C, with diagnostic utility when combined with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for identifying severe UC1. Metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammatory activation are also linked to increased disease severity and immunometabolic dysfunction2. Similarly, insulin resistance rises during severe UC flares, with significant elevations in HOMA-IR3. Phase angle (PA) is an indicator of cellular integrity and meta-inflammation, and has been associated with metabolic inflammation, elevated CRP, and cardiometabolic abnormalities4. In UC, PA has been reported to be lower than in healthy controls5. However, it remains unknown whether PA identifies a combined inflammatory–nutritional–metabolic phenotype in UC. Methods Cross-sectional study including 26 adults with UC. PA was classified according to sex-specific cut-offs: &amp;lt;6.1° in men and &amp;lt;5.6° in women5. Biomarkers assessed included inflammatory (CRP, ESR, PLR, CRP/ALB), nutritional (BMI, hemoglobin, albumin), and metabolic parameters (triglycerides, HDL, LDL, TG/HDL, HOMA-IR). Comparisons were performed using Mann–Whitney U tests; correlations with Spearman’s rho (SPSS v27). Results Fifty percent of participants showed low PA. Compared with the normal-PA group, patients with low PA had significantly lower BMI (20.98 vs 27.74 kg/m²; p = 0.022) and hemoglobin (13.85 vs 14.90 g/dL; p = 0.033). They also exhibited markedly reduced triglycerides (76 vs 138 mg/dL; p = 0.002) and TG/HDL ratio (1.55 vs 3.22; p = 0.002). No significant differences were observed in CRP, ESR, albumin, PLR, CRP/ALB, or HOMA-IR. PA correlated positively with hemoglobin (rs = 0.599, p = 0.001), triglycerides (rs = 0.466, p = 0.017), and TG/HDL ratio (rs = 0.567, p = 0.003), and negatively with HDL (rs = −0.392, p = 0.047). Conclusion Low PA in UC is primarily associated with a nutritional-metabolic phenotype characterized by lower BMI, lower hemoglobin, and a less atherogenic lipid profile (lower TG and TG/HDL), without differences in classical inflammatory biomarkers. These findings suggest that PA may reflect the nutritional–metabolic axis rather than systemic inflammation in UC. Larger studies with disease-activity stratification are needed to determine its value for identifying metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes within UC.

Methotrexate (MTX) is essential for treating lymphoblastic leukemia, but high doses (5g/m2 corporal surface) can cause significant gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, and hematological toxicity. Body composition, particularly high body fat mass, can function as a third space and may increase toxicity by prolonging the drug's circulation time. To analyze the associations between body composition (body fat mass, visceral fat area, and skeletal muscle mass) and the incidence of MTX toxicity in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma. A cohort of patients aged 6-18 years diagnosed with ALL and lymphoblastic lymphoma who received high-dose MTX without prior toxicity was included. Patients with preexisting renal failure or liver failure before MTX administration were excluded. Body composition was assessed using a multifrequency bioimpedance device. Regarding MTX toxicity, 30.2% of events occurred early, and this figure increased to 58.7% for late toxicity. Patients with a visceral fat area (VFA) ≥47 cm2 had a significantly higher risk of late toxicity (RR 2.8 (1.3-5.5), p = 0.01), as did those with high body fat mass (RR 2.0 (1.1-3.4), p = 0.01). For severe late toxicity, a VFA ≥47 cm2 was strongly correlated (RR 5.6 (1.3-22.6), p = 0.003), and high body fat mass remained a significant risk factor (RR 2.3 (1.03-5.5), p = 0.03). No significant associations were found with low phase angle, low skeletal muscle index, or overweight body mass index. A VFA ≥ 47 cm2 and a high percentage of body fat mass were associated with an increased risk of late MTX toxicity and severe late toxicity.