Lower Educational Attainment Research Articles

Relationship between experiencing a challenge or delay accessing contraception and contraceptive self-efficacy: Data from a 2022 nationally representative online survey

BackgroundPrevious research has found self-efficacy is associated with reproductive health behaviors and outcomes. However, few studies have quantitatively examined the relationship between barriers accessing contraception and self-efficacy. In addition, existing population-level metrics of contraceptive access tend to focus on method availability, uptake, and use, rather than people’s self-defined needs and preferences. This study uses person-centered metrics to assess the relationship between experiencing a recent challenge or delay obtaining desired contraception and two measures of contraceptive self-efficacy.MethodsIn 2022, we fielded a nationally representative survey in English and Spanish using NORC’s AmeriSpeak panel, surveying non-sterile 15- to 44-year-olds assigned female sex at birth in the U.S. We describe common challenges and delays obtaining contraception and present the distribution of experiencing a challenge or delay obtaining contraception by key sociodemographic and reproductive health characteristics. We also conduct logistic regression analyses to investigate associations between experiencing a challenge/delay and two measures of contraceptive self-efficacy: confidence in obtaining a desired method when wanted and perceived ease of switching methods when wanted.ResultsAmong the analytic sample of respondents who had ever used or tried to obtain a contraceptive product, device, or procedure (unweighted n = 2,771), about 14% experienced a challenge/delay obtaining desired contraception in the past year. The most common reasons for challenges or delays were related to logistics (transportation, childcare, scheduling; 38.2%) and cost/insurance coverage (35.8%). Among those who experienced a challenge/delay obtaining desired contraception (unweighted n = 301), higher proportions were younger, identified as non-heterosexual, had lower educational attainment, and could afford smaller emergency expenses compared to the subgroup that did not experience a challenge/delay. Experiencing a challenge/delay was associated with decreased odds of feeling very or somewhat confident in obtaining a desired method (aOR 0.14; 95% CI 0.07, 0.25) and decreased odds of feeling it would be very or somewhat easy to switch contraceptive methods (aOR 0.48; 95% CI 0.33, 0.71).ConclusionsEliminating barriers to contraceptive care is crucial to achieving person-centered access. Our research suggests that experiencing a challenge/delay has implications not only for recent contraceptive access but also influences self-efficacy, potentially inhibiting future ability to obtain and use desired contraception.

Factors associated with subjective oral health among older adults aged 65 and over living alone: the role of social capital

BackgroundWith the global increase in the number of older adults and single-person households, attention is increasingly being directed toward older adults living alone as a vulnerable population in public health. These individuals are particularly susceptible to deficiencies in social capital, one of the key social determinants of health. However, research on the relationship between social capital and oral health among older adults living alone remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors associated with oral health in this population, with a specific focus on social capital.MethodsThis study analyzed data from the Korean Community Health Survey, 2023, focusing on 21,677 older adults aged 65 and over living alone. The dependent variable was subjective oral health level, while independent variables included social capital factors such as trust, reciprocity, social network, and social participation. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between social capital and subjective oral health levels, with results presented as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsOlder adults aged 65 and over living alone were found to be particularly vulnerable to poor subjective oral health, especially those with older age, lower educational attainment, lower income levels, lack of economic activity, and residence in rural areas. Among the social capital variables, the analysis showed that individuals without reciprocity had 1.30 times higher odds of worse subjective oral health compared to those with reciprocity (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.18–1.42). Similarly, individuals without social participation had 1.31 times higher odds of worse subjective oral health compared to those with social participation (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.21–1.42).ConclusionsSocial capital is significantly associated with the subjective oral health levels of older adults aged 65 and over living alone. This emphasizes the importance of enhancing social capital to mitigate oral health inequalities among socially vulnerable older adults living alone.

Cognitive–Linguistic Profiles of German Adults with Dyslexia

Past research has extensively explored reading in English-speaking children with dyslexia who acquire a highly irregular and opaque orthography. Far less is known about the manifestation of dyslexia in shallow, highly consistent orthographies like German, especially in adults. To shed further light on the heterogenous manifestation of dyslexia in German-speaking adults, we assessed reading and reading-related abilities, spelling, cognitive abilities, and language learning experience in 33 healthy German-speaking adults (17 females) and 33 adults with dyslexia (20 females). The four main aims were to (1) elucidate the intricate relationship between cognitive and literacy abilities, (2) investigate persisting weaknesses, (3) determine the strongest predictors of dyslexia, and (4) investigate deficit profiles. Group comparisons revealed persistent deficits in almost all measures of reading and spelling, slight deficits in verbal working memory, but no visuospatial impairments in adults with dyslexia. Moreover, adults with dyslexia had considerably lower English skills and lower educational attainment. Overall, we found fewer and weaker links between literacy and cognitive measures in adults with dyslexia, indicating a dissociation between these skills. Spelling, word reading, and phonological awareness were the best predictors of dyslexia, but the most widespread deficit was rapid automatized naming. Our findings suggest a heterogeneous manifestation of dyslexia in German-speaking adults, with even low-level deficits persisting into adulthood despite the shallow nature of the German orthographic system.

Cognitive impairment and blood biomarkers of renal dysfunction in high-risk Nigerian population, with special attention to women and diabetes

BackgroundSub-Saharan Africans and Afro-Americans face 2-to-8 times higher risk of dementia compared to Caucasians, with Nigerian people being the highest population-at-risk. Adding to this challenge, their unique lipid profile increases their susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2), which further raises the risk of cognitive impairment (CI) by 1.5 times. Recently, we demonstrated a strong Diabetes/Dementia tandem in Nigerians, with increased cognitive vulnerability in illiterate, short-height, and diabetic Nigerian women in the eye of the storm. The combination of factors within this population makes it the optimal scenario to understand the relationship between CI and DM-2.MethodsHere, we further studied the blood biochemical analysis of our Makurdi cohort and searched for correlations with standard anthropometric measures, educational level, cognitive status (as assessed with MMSE, 6-CIT) and DM-2.ResultsCI was prevalent across all groups, with higher incidence in DM-2 subjects and a marked sexual dimorphism. Thus, women exhibited a greater risk, especially those with low educational attainment. In the search for potential blood-based biomarkers for cognitive function, we identified those related to renal function. In particular, elevated uric acid and urea levels were associated with poorer cognitive performance, highlighting a potential kidney-brain axis connection.ConclusionRenal function blood metabolites in this Nigerian cohort have been identified as possible kidney-brain axis biomarkers of CI. Moreover, illiteracy, female sex, and DM-2 pose them a compounded risk of developing CI. These findings advocate that targeted interventions addressing educational disparities and metabolic health could be proposed to mitigate cognitive decline in these vulnerable sub-groups. The integration of these factors provides a comprehensive understanding of CI incidence in Nigeria’s population, offering new avenues for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.Graphical

Prevalence and predictors of virological failure among the people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in East Africa: evidence from a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression of published studies from 2016 to 2023

Background Virological failure (VF) significantly threatens the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs in East Africa. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the prevalence and predictors of VF among individuals living with HIV. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, African Journals Online, and EMBASE for relevant studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic, and random-effects models addressed between-study variability. Publication bias was examined through funnel plots, Egger’s regression, and Begg’s tests. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression explored heterogeneity sources and potential VF predictors. Analyses were conducted using MedCalc version 20.010, adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results Twenty-five records were included, with a sample size of 29,829 people living with HIV on ART. The pooled prevalence of VF in East Africa was 19.4% (95% CI: 15.2%–24.0%), with substantial heterogeneity across studies. Sociodemographic predictors of VF included male sex (30.9%, p < .001), unmarried status (28.2%, p < .001), lower educational attainment (33.0%, p < .001), non-formal employment (47.2%, p < .001), and urban residence (51.2%, p < .001). Clinical factors associated with higher VF rates were ambulatory status (44.7%, p < .001), low CD4 count (35.1%, p < .001), low haemoglobin (52.2%, p < .001), advanced HIV stage III/IV (44.2%, p < .001), HIV/TB co-infection (24.3%, p < .001), and other opportunistic infections (20.5%, p = .008). Treatment-related factors associated with VF were first-line nevirapine-based regimen (27.7%, p = .009) and poor ART adherence (41.76%, p < .001). Conclusion Sociodemographic factors, advanced HIV disease, co-morbidities, poor adherence, and specific first-line ART regimens are key predictors of virological failure. Targeted, multidisciplinary interventions focusing on routine viral load monitoring, adherence support, and addressing socioeconomic barriers are essential to improve ART outcomes in East Africa.

Pathways to alcohol use and problems in adulthood for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): The role of common impairments above and beyond ADHD symptom persistence.

Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a known risk factor for later alcohol-related outcomes, such as drinking at young ages or developing alcohol use disorder by adulthood. However, research has yet to determine whether common ADHD-related impairments (e.g., lower educational attainment) in early adulthood play a role in this outcome above and beyond ADHD symptom persistence. Individuals with (n = 316) and without (n = 223) ADHD in childhood participated in a longitudinal study (Mage = 29). Childhood diagnoses were based on comprehensive, standardized assessments, and follow-up data were self-report and parent report. Mediating pathways through key impairments and ADHD symptom persistence in early adulthood were simultaneously tested, from childhood ADHD (absent/present) to later adulthood (Mage = 29) alcohol outcomes (alcohol-related problems and heavy drinking frequency), using Mplus 8.2. Support was found for the mediating roles of greater social impairment, lower educational attainment, and ADHD symptom persistence in the association between childhood ADHD and alcohol-related problems. Mediation by early adulthood delinquency for alcohol problems was not supported. No mediating pathways to heavy drinking frequency were supported. These findings illustrate the importance of social and academic functioning, in addition to ADHD symptom persistence, in risk for alcohol-related problems as individuals with a history of ADHD in childhood enter a phase of life requiring substantial adulthood responsibility. These results suggest the critical importance of focusing prevention and treatment efforts on major domains of functioning in addition to ADHD symptom reduction for prevention and treatment of harmful alcohol use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Sociodemographic Differences in Logins and Engagement With the Electronic Health Coach Messaging Feature of a Mobile App to Support Opioid and Stimulant Use Recovery: Results From a 1-Month Observational Study.

Mobile health apps can serve as a critical tool in supporting the overall health of uninsured and underinsured individuals and groups who have been historically marginalized by the medical community and may be hesitant to seek health care. However, data on uptake and engagement with specific app features (eg, in-app messaging) are often lacking, limiting our ability to understand nuanced patterns of app use. This study aims to characterize sociodemographic differences in uptake and engagement with a smartphone app (uMAT-R) to support recovery efforts in a sample of individuals with opioid and stimulant use disorders in the Greater St. Louis area. We enrolled individuals into the uMAT-R service program from facilities providing recovery support in the Greater St. Louis area between January 2020 and April 2022. Study participants were recruited from service project enrollees. We describe the number of logins and electronic health coach (eCoach) messages participants sent in the first 30 days following enrollment using medians and IQRs and counts and proportions of those who ever (vs never) logged in and sent their eCoach a message. We compare estimates across sociodemographic subgroups, by insurance status, and for those who did and did not participate in the research component of the project using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and Pearson chi-square tests. Of all 695 participants, 446 (64.2%) logged into uMAT-R at least once during the 30 days following enrollment (median 2, IQR 0-8 logins). Approximately half of those who logged in (227/446) used the eCoach messaging feature (median 1, IQR 0-3 messages). Research participants (n=498), who could receive incentives for app engagement, were more likely to log in and use the eCoach messaging feature compared to others (n=197). Younger individuals, those with higher educational attainment, and White, non-Hispanic individuals were more likely to log in at least once compared to their counterparts. The median number of logins was higher among women, and those who were younger, employed, and not on Medicaid compared to their counterparts. Among those who logged in at least once, younger individuals and those with lower educational attainment were more likely to send at least one eCoach message compared to others. Mobile apps are a viable tool for supporting individuals in recovery from opioid and stimulant use disorders. However, older individuals, racial and ethnic minorities, and those with lower educational attainment may need additional login support, or benefit from alternative mechanisms of recovery support. In addition, apps may need to be tailored to achieve sustained engagement (ie, repeat logins) among men, and individuals who are older, unemployed, or on Medicaid. Older individuals and those with higher educational attainment who may be less likely to use eCoach messaging features could benefit from features tailored to their preferences.

Randomised Trial of Pharmacist Integration in Haemodialysis Teams: Effects on Phosphorus Control and Patient Outcomes

Background: Despite the limited historical engagement of hospital pharmacists in managing blood phosphorus levels, their involvement in this aspect of care for hemodialysis patients remains an underexplored yet potentially promising and effective approach that warrants further investigation. Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to compare a control group receiving standard care from doctors and nurses with a test group that, in addition to standard care, received medication education and health promotion interventions from pharmacists. This trial is registered at chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2100044887 and is complete. Results: The test group demonstrated a significant reduction in blood phosphorus levels (P = 0.0056) and an improvement in blood calcium levels (P = 0.0238), whereas the control group showed no significant changes. The study also identified several potential high-risk factors for chronic kidney disease, including rural residence (72% of the patients), hypertension (84%), low educational attainment (84%), occupation as farmers or laborers (92%), and low to middle income levels (52%). Conversely, factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and marital status were not found to be significant risk factors. The impact of varying health promotion methodologies on biochemical indicators and blood pressure was minimal. Conclusions: The integration of pharmacists into the clinical team appeared to contribute to the reduction of blood phosphorus levels and healthcare expenditures, highlighting their pivotal role in the cost-effective, multidisciplinary management of hemodialysis patients. This finding underscores the significant economic and clinical importance of considering pharmacists as valuable members of the healthcare team in efforts to optimize patient outcomes.

Disparities in Postpartum Care After a Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy in the United States.

The postpartum period is a critical time for blood pressure monitoring and cardiovascular risk factor modification in individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), who are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. We analyzed data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a nationally representative US population-based survey of postpartum women with live births from 2016 to 2022. Among individuals with HDP, we evaluated the association between race, ethnicity, and other socioeconomic factors and (1) postpartum visit attendance and (2) postpartum counseling/screening. Among 42 858 participants with HDP (weighted n=2 011 284), 90% reported attending a postpartum visit. Adjusting for other factors, Hispanic individuals (odds ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.60-0.94]), non-Hispanic Black individuals (odds ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.62-0.91]), and individuals of other or multiple races (odds ratio, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.44-0.74]) were less likely to attend a postpartum visit, compared with non-Hispanic White individuals. Individuals with lower income, lower educational attainment, and those with Medicaid or no insurance were significantly less likely to report attending a postpartum visit. Among those who reported attending a postpartum visit, only 56.3% reported receiving postpartum counseling on healthy lifestyle, 60.9% reported receiving screening for cigarette smoking, and 23.7% reported receiving testing for diabetes. Most individuals with HDP reported attending a postpartum visit, but there were significant disparities in postpartum visit attendance by race/ethnicity, health insurance, and socioeconomic status. In addition, many participants reported not receiving postpartum counseling or screening for cardiovascular risk factors. This represents a missed opportunity to equitably improve the long-term cardiovascular health of individuals with HDP.

Knowledge and perceptions of men towards vasectomy among men of reproductive age in Otuke District- Uganda

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess knowledge of and perceptions towards vasectomy as a family planning method among men of reproductive age in rural northern Uganda”.MethodsA cross-sectional study involving 624 participants was conducted. Sociodemographic characteristics, use of vasectomy, number of children, and knowledge of vasectomy were assessed. Perceptions of vasectomy were measured, focusing on cultural, religious, and gender-related aspects.ResultsThe study revealed a predominantly adult, married, and Catholic population with low educational attainment. 2% of participants had used vasectomy as a family planning method, this indicates the right to preference in choosing vasectomy as a family planning method. Approximately half of the participants demonstrated awareness of vasectomy, and negative perceptions were recorded, with 63.5% expressing their opinions. Cultural and religious beliefs, along with concerns about promiscuity, play a significant role in shaping the perceptions. The majority believed in male dominance in family planning decisions, and a considerable portion endorsed sterilization exclusively for women.ConclusionThis study highlights the low utilization and negative perceptions of vasectomy among men in rural northern Uganda, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address cultural and religious misconceptions and enhance education on family planning options. Public health campaigns should focus on dispelling misconceptions about vasectomy, particularly addressing cultural and spiritual concerns. Educational programs should target men and their communities, emphasizing the benefits of shared family planning decisions. Further research incorporating qualitative methods could provide a deeper understanding of the cultural aspects influencing vasectomy perceptions in this population.

Prevalence of low birth weight and maternal risk factors at a tertiary care hospital: A cross-sectional study

Background: Birth weight is a key public health indicator reflecting infant survival, maternal health, and healthcare quality. Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with significant risks, including cognitive and motor delays, neurodevelopmental disorders, congenital anomalies, sepsis, respiratory distress, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence of LBW and identify factors contributing to LBW. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, over 6 months. Data were collected postnatally from mothers of live newborns using a pre-tested questionnaire covering demographics, antenatal care (ANC), obstetric history, and neonatal characteristics. Result: A total of 5133 newborns were included in the study and prevalence of LBW at 41.3% was reported. Prevalence of LBW was significantly higher among mothers under 24 years (43.4%), with lower education (44.7%), underweight (50.4%), tobacco use (54.3%), alcohol use (64.4%), &lt;4 ANC (46.0%), anemia (48.3%), shorter birth intervals (50.7%), and preterm births (51.0%). Conclusion: Despite various maternal and neonatal health programs, LBW remains a significant public health challenge, influenced by multiple maternal factors such as young age, low educational attainment, poor nutritional status, inadequate ANC, tobacco and alcohol use, anemia, and preterm delivery.

Genetic Propensity for Delay Discounting and Educational Attainment in Adults Are Associated With Delay Discounting in Preadolescents: Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.

Higher delay discounting (DD) (i.e., propensity to devalue larger, delayed rewards over immediate, smaller rewards) is a transdiagnostic marker underpinning multiple health behaviors. Although genetic influences account for some of the variability in DD among adults, less is known about the genetic contributors to DD among preadolescents. We examined whether polygenic scores (PGS) for DD, educational attainment, and behavioral traits (i.e., impulsivity, inhibition, and externalizing behavior) were associated with phenotypic DD among preadolescents. Participants included youth (N = 8982, 53% male) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study who completed an Adjusting Delay Discounting Task at the 1-year follow-up and had valid genetic data. PGS for DD, educational attainment, impulsivity, inhibition, and externalizing behaviors were created based on the largest GWAS available. Separate linear mixed effects models were conducted in individuals most genetically similar to European (EUR; n = 4972), African (AFR; n = 1769), and Admixed American (AMR; n = 2241) reference panels. After adjusting for age, sex, income, and the top ten genetic ancestry principal components, greater PGS for DD and lower educational attainment (but not impulsivity, inhibition, or externalizing) were associated with higher rates of DD (i.e., preference for sooner, smaller rewards) in participants most genetically similar to EUR reference panels. Findings provide insight into the influence of genetic propensity for DD and educational attainment on the discounting tendencies of preadolescents, particularly those most genetically similar to European reference samples, thereby advancing our understanding of the etiology of choice behaviors in this population.

Exploring the COVID-19 pandemic's influence on eating disorders: insights from an Italian residential center.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global mental health, exacerbating the prevalence and severity of Eating Disorders (EDs). This study evaluates changes in the presentation and severity of EDs before and after the pandemic at the Regional Residential Center "Mariconda" in Salerno. This retrospective cohort study analyzed records from 162 patients admitted to the center between December 2018 and December 2023. The onset of pandemic restrictions in mid-2020 divided the subjects into pre-COVID and COVID groups. Data collected included age, gender, education level, previous hospital admissions, admission diagnoses, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidity with other psychiatric conditions. Among the 162 subjects, 115 (71%) were admitted during the pandemic period. This group was significantly younger (mean age: 18.3 vs. 20.6 years, p = 0.009), had lower educational attainment (67% vs. 49% below secondary school diploma, p = 0.025), had a higher rate of prior hospitalizations (49% vs. 26%, p = 0.007), and demonstrated a higher prevalence of severe comorbidities with other mental illnesses (94% vs. 82%, p = 0.009) compared to the pre-COVID cohort. No significant differences were observed in gender distribution, initial diagnoses upon admission, or average length of hospital stay. The findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic intensified the presentation and severity of EDs, particularly among younger individuals with lower educational backgrounds. This underscores the urgent need for targeted, integrated treatment approaches for EDs in the context of global crises, including the development of strategies to address the increased severity of comorbid conditions and higher frequency of hospital readmissions observed in this study. These results highlight the necessity of reinforcing multidisciplinary care models that integrate medical, psychological, and social support to address the heightened complexity of post-pandemic ED cases and ensure more effective, long-term treatment outcomes. Future research is essential to explore the long-term effects of the pandemic on EDs, as well as to refine treatment strategies that better support those affected.

Prevalence of genital and extragenital sexually transmitted infections among women of reproductive age with and without HIV in the Southern US: results from the study of treatment and reproductive outcomes.

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are highly prevalent among women of reproductive age (WRA) and increase the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission. However, the burden of extragenital STIs is understudied among WRA in the US. Estimates of disease are urgently needed among women living with (WWH) and without HIV (WWOH), to inform sex-specific screening guidelines. Cross-sectional data from cisgender WWH and WWOH, ages 18-45 years, enrolled in the Study of Treatment and Reproductive Outcomes (STAR) from March 2021 to August 2023 at six Southern US sites was analyzed. Sociodemographic and behavioral assessments were performed using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Nucleic-acid amplification tests were performed, regardless of symptoms, on self-collected urine, rectal, and pharyngeal swabs to detect trichomoniasis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. Sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors were compared by STI status and concordance between genital and extragenital STIs was examined. Among the 543 participants, 55.2% WWH, mean age was 34.0 (SD ± 7.14) years old, most (72.5%) were non-Hispanic Black, 41.6% had multiple sexual partners, and 85.6% engaged in unprotected sex. Overall, 1.9% tested positive for genital chlamydia, 2.9% rectal chlamydia, 0.6% oropharyngeal chlamydia, 3.4% genital gonorrhea, 1.2% rectal gonorrhea, 1.3% oropharyngeal gonorrhea, and 12.2% trichomoniasis. Genital chlamydia was associated with rectal chlamydia (p < 0.001) but not oropharyngeal chlamydia; and genital gonorrhea associated with rectal (p < 0.001) and oropharyngeal (p = 0.0011) gonorrhea. Eight (11.1%) pregnant participants were diagnosed with at least one STI. Higher genital chlamydia risk was associated with women without healthcare provider visits in the past year [RR = 7.14, 95% CI (1.92, 25.00); p = 0.043]; while higher trichomoniasis risk was associated with lower educational attainment of high school or below [RR = 2.94, 95% CI (1.49, 5.88); p = 0.009] and an average monthly income of less than $1,500 USD [RR = 4.76, 95% CI (1.82, 12.5); p = 0.011]. HIV-status was not associated with genital or extragenital STIs. Prevalence of genital, rectal, oral chlamydia (1.8%, 2.8%, and 0.6%) and gonorrhea (3.3%, 1.1%, and 1.3%), and genital trichomoniasis (11.4%) are high among WRA with and without HIV. The adverse impact for women's reproductive health and HIV transmission highlights the importance of extragenital STI testing for women in areas of high prevalence of STIs in the US.

Cooking Skills Assessment of Selected Residents in Bukang Liwayway, Kibawe, Bukidnon

This study assesses the cooking skills of residents in Barangay Bukang Liwayway, Kibawe, Bukidnon, focusing on their demographic profiles and the available resources for food preparation. With a population characterized by low educational attainment and limited culinary training, this research highlights the urgent need for skills development programs. Utilizing a descriptive research design, the study investigates key factors such as knife handling, cooking methods, and food presentation skills among participants. The findings reveal significant variations in cooking skills based on demographic factors, emphasizing the importance of targeted training to enhance residents' culinary competencies. By identifying the challenges faced in food preparation and the skills required for effective cooking, this research aims to support local government initiatives in promoting community-based training programs. Ultimately, the study underscores the vital role of cooking skills in improving food security and fostering self-sufficiency among residents.

Impact of childhood traumatic brain injury on educational attainment in Finland from 1998 to 2018: a retrospective register-based nationwide cohort study.

Pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) can lead to considerable mortality, morbidity, mental impairment, and physical disability over time. The direct impact of pTBI on educational attainment is unclear. We included all pediatric 0- to 17-year-old patients who were at least 26years old at the end of the follow-up with a diagnosis of TBI in the Finnish Care Registry for Health Care (years 1998 to 2018) to form our study group (pTBI group). The reference group comprised patients with ankle and wrist fractures. The pTBI group was further divided into concussions and specific intracranial injuries. We compared this information to Statistics Finland´s Degree/Qualification data to evaluate educational attainment at 3 main levels. All comparisons were made using logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The pTBI group comprised 8487 patients and the reference group comprised 15,552 patients. In total, 7594 pTBI patients had a concussion and 892 a specific intracranial injury. The pTBI group had lower odds of attaining any tertiary education compared with the reference group (odds ratio [OR] 0.85; CI 0.80, 0.90). The pTBI group was also more likely to remain at a lower tertiary education than attain higher tertiary education (OR 0.81; CI 0.74, 0.87). Patients with specific intracranial injuries were more likely not to attain any tertiary education compared to patients with concussions (OR 0.78; CI 0.68, 0.90). People with pTBI had lower educational attainment at all higher educational levels than the reference population with ankle and wrist injuries.

Prevalence and correlates of nonsuicidal self-injury among youths in Singapore: findings from the National Youth Mental Health Study

BackgroundNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common phenomenon; a recent meta-analysis of studies conducted among non-clinical adolescents reported a global lifetime prevalence rate of 22.0%. NSSI results in significant impairment and is associated with negative outcomes later in young adulthood. There is, however, a dearth of research on the occurrence of NSSI in Singapore’s youth population. Past studies examining NSSI behaviours among youths in Singapore were conducted using clinical samples, which tend to report a higher prevalence compared to community samples. The present study aims to establish the prevalence of NSSI and examine its associated sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates in the general youth population.MethodsThis study included 2600 youths aged 15–35 years who participated in the National Youth Mental Health Study, a nationwide cross-sectional survey of the mental health status of youths in Singapore. The Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales Short Form were used to assess NSSI behaviours and mental health symptoms. Data on coping strategies, perceived social support and resilience were also collected.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of NSSI among youths in Singapore was 25.0%, and the 12-month prevalence was found to be 6.8%. The median age of onset for lifetime NSSI was 14 years. Significantly higher odds of lifetime NSSI were observed among youths aged 15–29 years, females, and youths with lower educational attainment. Youths with severe and extremely severe symptoms of depression and anxiety and those with greater use of avoidance coping strategy were associated with higher odds of lifetime NSSI. Higher resilience scores were associated with lower odds of lifetime NSSI.Conclusion1 in 4 youths in Singapore had engaged in self-injurious behaviour at least once in their lifetime. Screening and early intervention programs could be targeted at the more vulnerable youth groups such as those in early- and mid- adolescence. Potential areas for future research and interventions could include resilience building and educating youths on adaptive coping strategies. The limitations of the cross-sectional study design and the use of self-reported data should be considered when interpreting the study findings.

Current status of anxiety following total hysterectomy in endometrial cancer patients: A cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety in endometrial cancer patients undergoing total hysterectomy and to analyze socio-demographic and clinical factors contributing to anxiety, with the goal of informing targeted psychological support and interventions in clinical settings. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design, including 74 patients who underwent total hysterectomy between January 2019 and January 2024 at our hospital. Data were collected through a combination of face-to-face interviews and self-administered questionnaires, conducted by specially trained research assistants or nurses to ensure standardized data collection. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Self-Assessment Scale for Anxiety, categorizing patients into no anxiety, mild anxiety, moderate anxiety, and severe anxiety based on standard scores. Results indicated that 33.78% of the 74 patients experienced varying levels of anxiety: 18.92% had mild anxiety, 12.16% had moderate anxiety, and 2.70% had severe anxiety. Univariate analysis showed significant associations between anxiety and factors such as education level, living arrangement, social support, tumor size, and International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further confirmed that low education level (OR = 1.866, P = .014), unstable living conditions (OR = 2.285, P = .016), inadequate social support (OR = 2.806, P = .044), larger tumor size (OR = 3.328, P = .021), and advanced FIGO stage (OR = 3.762, P = .01) were independent predictors of postoperative anxiety. This study revealed a high prevalence of anxiety among postoperative endometrial cancer patients and identified key influencing factors, including low educational attainment, unstable living arrangements, insufficient social support, larger tumors, and advanced disease stage. These findings underscore the importance of healthcare professionals focusing on high-risk groups to effectively reduce anxiety, improve mental health, and enhance quality of life. Strategies such as enhanced health education, establishment of support groups, provision of psychological counseling, and comprehensive mental health assessments are recommended to address the psychological needs of these patients.

Epidemiology characteristics of the drinking patterns and alcohol consumption among adults in Hainan Province, China.

Alcohol consumption is a significant risk factor for premature mortality and increased disease burden worldwide, especially among young and middle-aged individuals. This study aims to evaluate drinking patterns and alcohol consumption among adults in Hainan Province, while also identifying associated factors. Analyses based on the 2022 "2 + 3" epidemiological survey in Hainan were conducted, and the drinking types, quantities, and frequencies among local residents were described. Chi-square tests and multiple linear regression were employed for the statistical analysis. A total of 32,857 adults participated, yielding an overall drinking rate of 42.8%. The drinking rate was significantly higher among men (64.4%) than women (18.9%). The highest drinking rates were found in the 30-59 age group, especially among individuals aged 30-39. Ethnic minorities had a higher drinking rate (70.1%) than Han individuals. Lower educational attainment was associated with lower drinking rates, although the prevalence of active drinkers was higher. Men preferred strong liquor and beer, whereas women favored beer and rice wine. The average weekly alcohol consumption was 59.8 mL for men and 10.9 mL for women, with 43.6% of men exceeding 100 mL weekly, compared to 12.7% of women. This study emphasizes the complexity and diversity of drinking behaviors among adults in Hainan Province. Sociodemographic factors, including gender, age, ethnicity, education, marital status, occupation, and region, are closely linked to drinking behaviors. The findings provide a scientific basis for developing targeted public health strategies, highlighting the need for effective interventions to mitigate alcohol-related health issues among high-risk populations.

Trends in Hypertension Diagnosis and Self-Reported Cases: A Retrospective Analysis of National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Database.

Hypertension is a major public health issue, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Understanding trends in hypertension diagnosis and self-reported cases can help inform strategies for prevention and management. The objective of this study is to evaluate the trends in hypertension diagnosis and self-reported cases in the United States (U.S.)through the use of National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data (2019-2023). In particular, the study analyzes the changes in the prevalence rates across the major demographics (race, age, and gender), socioeconomic (social vulnerabilities, education, and income) and geographical factors through the use of statistical modelling. This study seeks to recognize the key determinants that shape such trends and evaluate their implication with regard to targeted interventions and public health policies. Data from the NHIS (2019-2023) were examined, focusing on trends in hypertension prevalence based on demographic factors such as age, gender, race, nativity, and social determinants of health (e.g., social vulnerability, employment status, education level, and family income). Hypertension prevalence among U.S.adults remained consistently high. Age-adjusted rates were 27.0% in 2019 and increased slightly to 27.5% in 2023. Males showed higher hypertension rates (28.3% in 2023) compared to females (26.7%). Among age groups, the highest rates were observed in older adults: 54.3% for those aged 65-74 and 62.7% for individuals 75 years and older in 2023. Racial disparities persisted, with Black adults having the highest hypertension prevalence at 34.8% in 2023, while Asians had the lowest at 22.3%. Hypertension rates also varied with socioeconomic factors: individuals with lower income (28.4% for those below 100% Federal Poverty Level (FPL)) and lower educational attainment (40.5% for those without a high school diploma) had higher prevalence rates. Social vulnerability and employment status also influenced hypertension trends, with higher rates in individuals with high social vulnerability or non-employment. Hypertension remains a persistent health issue, particularly among vulnerable populations. Targeted interventions are needed to address these disparities and reduce the burden of hypertension in the U.S.