Low Serum Ferritin Research Articles

Association of Hypothyroidism With Low Serum Ferritin Levels and Iron-Deficiency Anemia During the First Trimester of Pregnancy.

BackgroundThe association between hypothyroidism and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnancy is not well established. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between hypothyroidism and IDA during the first trimester of pregnancy.MethodologyIn this study, a total of 144 pregnant women were included. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT3), and ferritin were measured. Based on TSH values, pregnant women were divided into the following two groups: euthyroid (n = 74) and hypothyroid (n = 70).ResultsThere was a significant increase in TSH levels and a significant decrease in the levels of FT4, FT3, ferritin, iron, and hemoglobin (Hb) in hypothyroid pregnant women compared to euthyroid pregnant women. The correlation and regression analysis revealed a significant negative association of TSH and a positive association of FT4 with ferritin, iron, and Hb.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the association of hypothyroidism with IDA during the first trimester of pregnancy. Further studies with thyroxine therapy in hypothyroid pregnant women and its impact on IDA will open novel therapeutic approaches in the management of IDA during pregnancy. Further, measurement of serum ferritin during pregnancy may provide valuable information in the diagnosis and management of IDA.

Serum ferritin levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and tic disorder.

BACKGROUNDIron plays an important role in neurodevelopmental functions in the brain. Serum ferritin levels are different in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and tic disorder than in healthy children.AIMTo explore the current status of iron deficiency in children with neurodevelopmental disorders and its sex and age effects.METHODSA total of 1565 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 1694 children with tic disorder (TD), 93 children with ASD and 1997 healthy control children were included between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021 at Beijing Children's Hospital. We describe the differences in age levels and ferritin levels between different disease groups and their sex differences. The differences between the sexes in each disease were analyzed using the t test. The incidence rate of low serum ferritin was used to describe the differences between different diseases and different age groups. A chi-square test was used to analyze the difference in the incidence of low serum ferritin between the disease group and the control group. Analysis of variance was used for comparisons between subgroups, and regression analysis was used for confounding factor control.RESULTSA total of 1565 ADHD patients aged 5-12 years were included in this study, and the average serum ferritin levels of male and female children were 36.82 ± 20.64 μg/L and 35.64 ± 18.56 μg/L, respectively. A total of 1694 TD patients aged 5-12 years were included in this study, and the average serum ferritin levels of male and female children were 35.72 ± 20.15 μg/L and 34.54 ± 22.12 μg/L, respectively. As age increased, the incidence of low serum ferritin in ADHD and TD first decreased and then increased, and 10 years old was the turning point of rising levels. The incidence of ADHD with low serum ferritin was 8.37%, the incidence of TD with low serum ferritin was 11.04%, and the incidence of the healthy control group with low serum ferritin was 8.61%, among which male children with TD accounted for 9.25% and female children with TD accounted for 11.62%. There was a significant difference among the three groups (P < 0.05). In addition, there were 93 children with ASD with an average serum ferritin level of 30.99 ± 18.11 μg/L and a serum ferritin incidence of 15.05%.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, low serum ferritin is not a risk factor for ADHD or TD. The incidence of low serum ferritin levels in children with ADHD and TD between 5 and 12 years old decreases first and then increases with age.

Study of Serum Ferritin, Zinc, and Copper Levels in Children With Helicobacter pylori Gastritis and the Effect of the Treatment.

This study aimed to assess serum iron, zinc, and copper in symptomatic children with Helicobacter pylori infection, to correlate their serum levels with the degree of gastritis, and to evaluate the effect of H. pylori treatment on their levels. This study was carried out on 70 children with upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by the H. pylori antigen test in the stool and histopathologic findings during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients were divided into 2 groups; H. pylori -positive and H. pylori -negative groups. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, transferrin (sTfR), zinc, and copper were assessed in all included children. The hemoglobin level, serum ferritin, and zinc were significantly lower in H. pylori -positive patients compared to H. pylori -negative patients. However, the serum copper level was comparable between the 2 groups. After treatment, the hemoglobin level, serum ferritin, and serum zinc significantly increased in H. pylori -positive patients, especially in those who responded to treatment compared to their levels before treatment. There was a significant negative correlation between the severity of histopathologic abnormalities and hemoglobin level, serum ferritin, and zinc levels, but a significant positive relation with sTfR concentrations in H. pylori -positive patients. H. pylori -infected children had low serum ferritin and zinc levels but high sTfR level with no effect on serum copper levels. After treatment, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and zinc levels significantly improved in H. pylori -positive patients. Gastric histologic findings correlated significantly with hemoglobin, serum ferritin, zinc, and sTfR levels.

Role of Soluble Transferrin Receptor in Diagnostic Work Up for The Assessment of Iron Status and Iron Deficiency

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most frequent form of anaemia in human population. For diagnosing IDA usually conventional laboratory tests such as serum iron, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation are used. However, both ferritin and transferrin proteins are markedly influenced by inflammation, behaving as acute-phase reactants and making it difficult to diagnosis iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) when it is combined with any inflammatory condition. Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is a truncated extracellular form of the membrane transferrin receptor produced by proteolysis. Concentrations of serum sTfR are related to iron status and erythropoiesis in the body. Serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels are raised in iron deficiency but are not influenced by inflammatory changes.&#x0D; Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of soluble transferrin receptors in diagnostic work up of iron deficiency.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: It was a prospective observational study carried out from June 2021 to November 2021 at the Department of Haematology and Biochemistry of Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka Cantonment. A total of 50 blood sample were collected and subjected to diagnose as microcytic hypochromic anaemia through complete blood count (CBC) and peripheral blood film (PBF). Then serum iron profile and serum sTfR was done by automated analyzer to evaluate differentials of microcytic hypochromic anaemia.&#x0D; Results: Among 50 cases 5 (10%) were male and 45 (90%) were female. Most of the patients were between 31-40 years age group (34%). Out of 50 patients 42 (84%) showed mild anaemia,6 (12%) showed moderately anaemia and 2(4%) showed severely anaemia according to reference range. Then serum iron profile was done. Among 50 samples 37 (74 %) had low serum iron, 18 (36 %) had high TIBC and 45 (90%) had low serum ferritin in comparison with reference range. Also this study revealed high serum sTfR than normal in 48 (96%) patients. While evaluating the frequency of sTfR level in perspective of both male and female anaemic patients, p-value was found &lt; 0.0001 which was statistically significant.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study demonstrates that sTfR level in conjunction with other biochemical markers of iron deficiency anaemia is very useful in evaluating iron status. Serum sTfR is a new diagnostic tool for evaluating of iron deficiency anemia when it is associated with other inflammatory condition.

Evaluating the value of superoxide dismutase in anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis associated with interstitial lung disease.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) among patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody (MDA5)-positive DM. In this retrospective study, serum SOD of 90 health check-ups were tested in our hospital. A total of 94 hospitalized patients with anti-MDA5-positive DM had ILD. Their serum SOD, serum ferritin and autoantibody levels were determined and lung high-resolution CT was performed. The serum SOD level was significantly lower in the anti-MDA5-positive DM group compared with the control group. The SOD level was significantly lower in patients positive for both anti-MDA5 antibodies and anti-Ro-52 antibodies than in those positive for only anti-MDA5 antibodies before treatment. The SOD level was significantly lower in the higher serum ferritin group compared with the lower serum ferritin group before treatment. After treatment, the serum SOD level decreased in patients with exacerbation of ILD, while it increased in those with alleviated ILD. The SOD level was significantly lower in the death group than in the survival group before treatment. In patients with anti-MDA5-positive DM, the low SOD level before treatment indicated the presence of oxidative stress in the disease; the serum SOD level was affected by anti-Ro-52 antibodies and ferritin; there is a close relationship between serum SOD level and ILD among patients with anti-MDA5-positive DM, suggesting that SOD might serve as an effective indicator to evaluate the changes in ILD in these patients; and the low SOD level is an important indicator of poor prognosis in these patients, which deserves attention from rheumatologists.

Associations of bacterial enteropathogens with systemic inflammation, iron deficiency, and anemia in preschool-age children in southern Ghana.

Anemia remains a pervasive public health problem among preschool-age children in Ghana. Recent analyses have found that anemia in Ghanaian children, particularly in Southern regions, is largely attributable to infectious causes, rather than nutritional factors. Infections with enteropathogens can reduce iron absorption and increase systemic inflammation, but few studies have examined direct links between enteropathogens and anemia. This study investigated associations between detection of individual bacterial enteropathogens and systemic inflammation, iron deficiency, and anemia among 6- to 59-month-old children in Greater Accra, Ghana. Serum samples were analyzed from a cross-sectional sample of 262 children for concentrations of hemoglobin (Hb), biomarkers of systemic inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)], and biomarkers of iron status [serum ferritin (SF) and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR)]. Stool samples were analyzed for ten bacterial enteropathogens using qPCR. We estimated associations between presence of each enteropathogen and elevated systemic inflammation (CRP > 5 mg/L and AGP > 1 g/L), iron deficiency (SF < 12 μg/L and sTfR > 8.3 mg/L) and anemia (Hb < 110 g/L). Enteropathogens were detected in 87% of children’s stool despite a low prevalence of diarrhea (6.5%). Almost half (46%) of children had anemia while one-quarter (24%) had iron deficiency (low SF). Despite finding no associations with illness symptoms, Campylobacter jejuni/coli detection was strongly associated with elevated CRP [Odds Ratio (95% CI): 3.49 (1.45, 8.41)] and elevated AGP [4.27 (1.85, 9.84)]. Of the pathogens examined, only enteroinvasive Escherichia coli/Shigella spp. (EIEC/Shigella) was associated with iron deficiency, and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) [1.69 (1.01, 2.84)] and EIEC/Shigella [2.34 (1.15, 4.76)] were associated with anemia. These results suggest that certain enteroinvasive pathogenic bacteria may contribute to child anemia. Reducing exposure to enteropathogens through improved water, sanitation, and hygiene practices may help reduce the burden of anemia in young Ghanaian children.

Lower serum ferritin levels and higher inattentiveness in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a case–control study

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattentiveness. Brain iron stores influence dopamine synthesis and behavior. Serum ferritin is a marker for iron stores. Few studies are there on serum ferritin levels in ADHD, and the results showed either way as low or equal to controls. Contradictory results were observed in two published Indian studies, hence the need for the study. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare serum ferritin and hematological indexes between children with ADHD and normal controls and also to compare ADHD subscales in two of ADHD groups divided on a cutoff serum value of below 15 ng/ml (World Health Organization criteria). Materials and Methods: Children with ADHD without comorbidities were compared with controls at a child and adolescent psychiatry unit, Hyderabad, India, after ethics committee approval. The assessments included Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS)-Revised (S), serum ferritin, and hematological indexes. Results: Two-three children with ADHD and 38 normal children as controls participated. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) of serum ferritin levels in the ADHD group 28.26 (16.46) and controls 23.06 (18.88) was not statistically significant. Significantly higher mean values (14.60) on cognitive/inattention subscale was noticed In below (15 ng/ml) serum ferritin level group compared to the mean (11.50) in above (15 ng/ml) serum ferritin group. Negative nonsignificant correlation (r = −0.366) between cognitive-inattention subscale of ADHD and serum ferritin levels was noticed. Conclusions: Iron-deficiency state showed higher inattentiveness on CPRS subscale than noniron-deficiency state. There is a weak negative correlation between serum ferritin and inattentiveness.

P-416 Low serum ferritin level might be associated with an increased risk of miscarriages in infertility patietns

Abstract Study question Does infertility patients with low serum ferritin have a increased risk of miscarriages and can it be amended by ferric carboxymaltose infusion prior to treatment Summary answer The miscarriage rate is higher in patients with low S-Ferrit and can be reduced by correcting the iron deposits with ferric carboxymaltose infusion What is known already Iron deficiency is common in fertile age women and seen in around 25 % of women in industrialized countries and up to 50 % in women from developing countries. There are very few studies on the relationship between low iron deposits and infertility. A recent Danish study shows that the lower serum Ferritin levels are, the higher is the risk for repeated miscarriages (Georgsen et al, Fertility &amp; Sterility 2020). A person’s iron deposits are considered empty if S-Ferrit is &amp;lt; 30 ug/l. Study design, size, duration We wanted to see how common iron deficiency is in our patient population, defined as S-Ferrit &amp;lt; 30 ug/l, measured in 858 consecutive infertility patients during years 2015-2019. Thereafter the iron deposits were filled in those with low ferritin and a wish for i.v. ferric carboxymaltose infusion. The patients were followed up in a retrospective manner for their reproductive history both before and after the infusion especially regarding the miscarriage rate and live birth rate. Participants/materials, setting, methods This is an interim analysis of the first 215 patients with infertility and age younger than 43 years. All patients had a S-Ferrit &amp;lt; 30 ug/l prior to ferric carboxymaltose infusion of 500 mg i.v. The infusions were done from December 2015 to December 2019. Patients with any other indication than history of infertility and S-Ferrit &amp;lt; 30ug/l were excluded from the study. All patients were treated at one private infertility clinic in Helsinki. Main results and the role of chance In our 858 patients, the mean S-Ferrit was 41 ug/l and 373 of these patients (43,5 %) had a S-Ferrit &amp;lt; 30 ug/l. In the first 215 patients included in this analysis, who received a ferric carboxymaltose infusion, the mean age was 36,6 years, the mean duration of infertility was 3 years and 5 months, BMI 23,8 and AMH 2,10 ug/l. The cause for infertility was unexplained in 28 %. The mean S-Ferrit was 16,4 ug/l before infusion and 82,4 ug/l on average 3 months after the infusion. Before the infusion, 45,5% of patients had experienced one or more miscarriages, whereas only 20,0% after the infusion (p &amp;lt; 0.001, McNemar’s test). On the contrary, 36,3% of the patients had live birth prior to infusion, and 58,2% after the infusion (p &amp;lt; 0.001). In the group of patients with unexplained infertility, the differences were even greater than in the whole material. Limitations, reasons for caution The study is retrospective in nature, where the patient is her own control, before and after infusion. With increasing number of infertility treatments patients tend to use more PGT-A and donor oocytes which might favour the results after infusion. Wider implications of the findings The study underlines the importance of measuring the S-Ferritin levels in patients seeking help for their infertility problem. The S-Ferrit measurement should be included in the initial workup of the patients, as it might be one explanation for (unexplained) infertility and miscarriages. Trial registration number Findata THL.7013.14.02.00.2020.

Trends in ferritin measurements in children and adolescents: AFinnish 9-year observational study.

AimA lack of stored iron, indicated by low serum ferritin, has been associated with various clinical symptoms. There are no longitudinal data on the frequency of ferritin measurements in children and adolescents.MethodsA total of 2834 children aged <18 years with serum ferritin and other anaemia‐related blood parameters taken during an outpatient visit between 2012 and 2019 were investigated. Patients with acute infections were excluded. Nationwide temporal and regional variations and correlations with public information searches through Google were analysed.ResultsA significant increase in the frequency of ferritin measurements was seen starting in 2018, with a 47‐fold rise in 2019 compared to 2012. A simultaneous escalation in Google Search activity was seen. Deficiency of stored iron was relatively common: 21.6% of children with normal haemoglobin and 14.9% of non‐anaemic children with normal red cell indices exhibited ferritin levels below 15 μg/L.ConclusionFerritin measurement has increased greatly among children and adolescents. Our results suggest that public interest and popular trends can significantly influence health care practices. This calls for further investigation into the causes and consequences of such a phenomenon. Prospective randomised intervention studies are needed to evaluate the utility of iron supplementation in patients with low iron storage levels.

Relationship between Febrile Seizures and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children

BACKGROUND: The febrile seizure is the most common type of seizures occur in children under 5 years old and the peak age is 18 months, the temperature of body 38°C or more with no neurological infection or metabolic disorder. AIM: The aim of the present study is to found the association between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and febrile seizure. METHODS: A case–control study has been carried out to determine the association between febrile convulsion and IDA. One hundred and twenty-two children with febrile seizure and 130 healthy babies include in study, period of study from May 2019 to December 2019 in Bunt Al Huda teaching hospital Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar, Iraq. The sociodemographic data are age of babies, weight, and gender. Diagnosis of febrile seizure done after details history and examination. Children aged 6 months–5 years presenting with febrile convulsion for cases and controls group of same age with fever but no convulsion. Both first and recurrent episodes of FC were included for cases. RESULTS: A case–control study of 122 children with seizures and 130 children without seizures, seizures babies have more weight than non-seizures, convulsion babies have low mean corpuscle volume than non-seizures, and seizures babies have low serum ferritin than non-seizures. There is a significant difference between mean serum ferritin of seizures and non-seizures babies, seizures babies have low serum ferritin than non-seizures. CONCLUSION: Serum ferritin also decreases more in babies with febrile seizure so IDA is occurring more in febrile seizure, and there is an association between iron supplements deficiency and febrile seizure.

Health status of patients with β-thalassemia in the West Bank: a retrospective study

BackgroundThe management of β-thalassemia in developing countries is challenging due to few treatments being available other than recurrent transfusions. We assessed the haematological, biochemical, and hormonal findings among patients with β-thalassemia in the West Bank, occupied Palestinian territory. MethodsThis retrospective study was done between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2018. Data on haematological, biochemical, and hormonal tests were collected from medical files of patients with β-thalassemia in eight primary health-care clinics, nine emergency departments, and eleven Palestinian Ministry of Health hospitals across the West Bank. Additionally, we collected data on demographics and the use of iron chelation. The study was approved by the research ethics committee at Al-Quds University and the Palestinian Ministry of Health (reference 162/1075/2019). The data had no identifying information and, therefore, informed consent from patients was waived for this study. Findings309 patients with β-thalassemia were included in the study (154 men and 155 women), with an average age of 23·4 (SD 10·4) years. 202 (79%) patients had pretransfusion haemoglobin concentrations lower than 9 g/dL (mean 8·4 [SD 1·4]). Additionally, 185 (73%) had iron overload, with the mean ferritin concentration in serum being 3175·8 μg/L (SD 3378·8). Concentrations of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were high in 91 (38%) and 145 (61%) patients, respectively, and correlated positively with serum ferritin concentrations (r=0·527 and r=0·254, respectively; both p<0·0001). Kidney function tests (serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen) did not correlate with serum ferritin (p=0·553 and 0·280, respectively). Deferoxamine was used for iron chelation in 63 (27%), and these patients had significantly higher ferritin concentrations in serum than patients receiving deferasirox (175 [74%], p=0·009). A small proportion of patients had endocrine function data that indicated abnormal total tri-iodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in 24 (34%), 29 (37%), and 24 (15%) patients, respectively, in addition to abnormal parathyroid hormone levels in 25 (50%) patients. However, these findings were not sufficient to diagnose or interpret endocrinopathies. InterpretationOur findings showed a lack of adherence to international guidelines in the management of β-thalassemia, which was reflected by the low pretransfusion haemoglobin and high serum ferritin concentrations. This study highlights the importance of establishing patient-tailored comprehensive assessment and follow-up protocols for the management of β-thalassemia with an emphasis on blood transfusion and iron chelation practices. FundingNone.

0506 Clinical efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose for restless legs symptoms and low serum ferritin in children with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract Introduction Restless legs syndrome (RLS) may be underdiagnosed in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to difficulty expressing the symptoms in their own words. In addition, administration of oral iron may be particularly difficult in ASD children. Methods Retrospective case series of children with ASD, restless legs (RL) symptoms, and serum ferritin &amp;lt;30 μg/L treated with intravenous (IV) ferric carboxymaltose (FCM). Patients received a single dose of IV FCM, 15 mg/kg if weighting &amp;lt;50 kg or 750 mg if weighting &amp;gt;50 kg. Data collected included presenting symptoms, serum ferritin, iron profile, and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-Severity pre-infusion and CGI-Improvement post-infusion). Results Nineteen subjects, 4-11 years old (12 male, median age 6, interquartile range (IQR) were included. Thirteen children took melatonin, median dose 3 mg (IQR 1-6). Full RLS diagnostic criteria were identified in 6 verbal children (31.6%). RL symptoms in the 13 other children occurred at night and began or worsened during periods of rest or inactivity and included: need for a parent to rub or massage legs (5), fidgeting (2), wiggling (2), kicking (2), pacing (1), and discomfort (1), but improvement of symptoms with movement was difficult to determine. Baseline median values were ferritin 10 µg/L (IQR 10-16), iron 66.5 μg/dL (IQR 57-96), TIBC 382 μg/dL (IQR 360-411) and transferrin 19 mg/dL (IQR 14-28). Median CGI-S was 4 (moderate symptoms) (IQR 3-4). After IV FCM all measures improved and were statistically significant at the Wilcoxon test for paired datasets. Median ferritin was 68 µg/L (IQR 62.5-109, p&amp;lt;0.00045). The median CGI-I was 1 (very much improved) (IQR 1-2). All children meeting full RLS criteria improved. Three children in the RL symptom group did not improve. Children meeting the full RLS criteria had lower baseline ferritin levels than those with a suspected diagnosis (9 µg/L, IQR 9-10 vs. 13 µg/L, IQR 10-16, Mann-Whitney test p&amp;lt;0.045). Conclusion The majority of children (84.2%) with ASD and RL symptoms had clinical improvement after IV FCM. All serum iron parameters improved significantly after a single IV infusion. Support (If Any) None

Ferric Carboxymaltose Improves the Quality of Life of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Iron Deficiency without Anaemia.

Background: Iron deficiency (ID) without anaemia is a common comorbidity associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that has a negative impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods: This multicentre, prospective, observational study examined the response to, safety of and impact on HRQoL of a single 500 mg dose of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in patients with IBD and ID without anaemia. The diagnostic criteria for ID were low serum ferritin (<30 µg/L in the absence of inflammatory activity or <100 µg/L with inflammation) and transferrin saturation index (TSAT) < 16%. The effect on iron levels and HRQoL, according to the health status questionnaires SF-12v2 and EQ-5D, was evaluated 1 month after FCM infusion in an outpatient setting. Results: Of the 105 patients who received FCM, 98 patients completed the study. After 1 month, a single dose of FCM significantly increased serum ferritin, serum iron and TSAT. Importantly, patients reported fewer ID symptoms and problems on all EQ-5D dimensions. They also had higher EQ-5D visual analogue scale and SF-12v2 scores after treatment. FCM had similar clinical effects on men and women and on patients with Crohn’s disease (n = 66) and ulcerative colitis (n = 32). Conclusion: A single dose of FCM rapidly restored iron parameters and significantly improved patients’ symptoms and HRQoL at 1 month after treatment.

PREVALENCE OF NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA IN MUMBAI, 3- YEAR STUDY DONE IN INDIAN REFERENCE LABORATORY

Introduction: - Anemia is major health problem which affects children, women of reproductive age groups to a signicant extent. This study was done to study prevalence of anemia in Mumbai across different age groups. Aims And Objectives: - To study prevalence of nutritional anemia in Mumbai with respect to age group &amp; gender To compare prevalence of vitamin B12 deciency anemia with iron deciency anemia To establish correlation between RBC indices with serum Iron &amp; Serum B12 levels Method: - We did a retrospective analysis of serum iron prole, CBC, Vitamin B12, Folic acid data obtained in referral laboratory in Mumbai over a span of 3 years (2019-2021). Population studied belonged to Mumbai metropolitan region. CBC was analyzed on DXH Coulter. Serum Iron, serum ferritin, TIBC, Vitamin B12 &amp;serum folic acid were analyzed on Cobas analyzers. We compared &amp; correlated results according to gender &amp; age Results: - Prevalence of low serum Iron &amp; serum ferritin was seen in females as compared to males (P&lt; 0.001). However low levels of vitamin B12 was signicantly seen in males as compared to females (P&lt;0.001). Low serum iron, Ferritin, MCH, MCV and high TIBC were signicantly associated with low Hemoglobin (P&lt;0.001)

Determine Mean Serum Ferritin Level in Children with Febrile Seizures and Compare with Children without Seizures

Objective: To compare the mean serum ferritin level in children with febrile seizures and without febrile seizures. Study Design: Cross sectional/case control Place &amp; Duration: Swat Medical Complex Teaching Hospital Saidu Sharif Swat/CMH Lahore from the period January 2021 to June, 2021 Methods: 140 children with ages 5 to 60 months were enrolled in this study. All the patients were equally divided into two groups. Group I consist of 70 patients with febrile seizures and group II with same patients without febrile seizures. Complete blood picture and serum ferritin level was examined and compare the findings between both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: In group I 42 (60%) patients were male and 28 (40%) were females with mean age 24.26±10.38 months and in groupII 40 (57.14%) were males and 30 (42.86%) were females with mean age 23.65±11.56 months. Mean serum ferritin level was significantly lower in group I patients than group II 24.48±10.82ng/ml Versus 42.45±12.64ng/ml with p-value &lt;0.05. Iron deficiency was higher in patients with febrile seizures than patients with without seizures 22 Vs 10. Conclusion: It is concluded that children with febrile seizure had significantly lower serum ferritin level and higher iron deficiency rate as compared to children without seizure. Keywords: Febile Seizures, Febrile Illness, Serum Ferritin Level, Hemoglobin, Iron Deficiency

Iron Supplementation for Hypoferritinemia-Related Psychological Symptoms in Children and Adolescents.

Although some studies have described the association between serum ferritin levels and specific disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry, few have focused on mental status per se with low serum ferritin levels in children and adolescents. This study examined the effects of iron administration on psychological status of children and adolescents with reduced serum ferritin concentration. This prospective study evaluated 19 participants aged 6-15 years with serum ferritin levels <30 ng/mL who visited a mental health clinic and received oral iron administration for 12 weeks. The participants were assessed using the Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S), Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition Youth-Short (POMS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). In addition to serum ferritin, blood biochemical values such as hemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were examined. School attendance was recorded. The most prevalent physical symptoms were fatigability and insomnia. The CGI-S, PSQI, and CES-D scores decreased significantly following iron supplementation, whereas the scores of almost all POMS subscales improved significantly at week 12. No participant had hemoglobin levels <12 g/dL. Serum ferritin concentration increased significantly, whereas Hb and MCV remained unchanged. At baseline, 74% of the participants did not attend school regularly; this number improved to varying degrees by week 12. Serum ferritin levels would be preferable to be measured in children and adolescents with insomnia and/or fatigability regardless of psychiatric diagnoses or gender. Iron supplementation can improve the hypoferritinemia-related psychological symptoms of children and adolescents, such as poor concentration, anxiety, depression, low energy and/or irritability.

TO STUDY THE ASSOSIATION BETWEEN SERUM IRON AND FERRITIN LEVEL WITH GALLSTONE DISEASE

INTRODUCTION: Gallstone disease is a common clinical condition affecting the adult population of both sexes. Iron deciency was found to be a new parameter in aetiology of gallstones[5, 6,7]. Iron deciency has been shown to alter the activity of several hepatic enzymes, leading to increased gallbladder cholesterol saturation and promotion of cholesterol crystal formation[8, 9]. Iron acts as a coenzyme for nitric oxide synthetase (NOS), which synthesizes nitric oxide (NO) important for the maintenance of gallbladder tone and normal relaxation [10, 11]. METHOD: Prospective case control study was conducted In Dr.B.R.A.M. Hospital, Raipur On January 2020 to December 2020. sample size was for case is 60 and for control 60 taken On the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria . patient sonological conrmed and estimate the serum iron and ferritin level . Data are analyzed with descriptive statistical principals RESULT: 31.67% patient of cholelithiasis have serum iron level below normal value .In control group 21.67% participants have normal serum iron level ( P value = 0.21) 33.33% cases have serum ferritin level below normal range and18.33% of control group have serum ferritin level below normal range ( P value = 0.06 ) CONCLUSION: gallstone are more prevalent in female population than males . low serum iron was not signicantly found in both case and control group with relation to cholelithiasis. low serum ferritin level not signicantly found both in case and control group

Physiologically based serum ferritin thresholds for iron deficiency in women of reproductive age who are blood donors

AbstractOur objective is to develop a physiologically based method to determine serum ferritin thresholds for iron deficiency in healthy individuals. The current World Health Organization threshold of <15 µg/L for iron deficiency in women is based on expert opinion. We examined the relationship between serum ferritin and 2 independently measured indicators of iron-deficient erythropoiesis, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and hemoglobin, in baseline data from 286 women, 20 to 49 years, who were first-time or reactivated donors in the Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study-II Donor Iron Status Evaluation (REDS-RISE) study. At lower serum ferritin concentrations, median sTfR increased as hemoglobin decreased. Using restricted cubic spline regression analysis to determine thresholds for iron-deficient erythropoiesis, the thresholds identified by sTfR (serum ferritin < 25.4 µg/L) and hemoglobin (serum ferritin < 25.3 µg/L) did not differ significantly. The thresholds found in the REDS-RISE study do not differ from those identified by sTfR (serum ferritin < 25.5 µg/L) and hemoglobin (serum ferritin < 26.6 µg/L) in a previous study of 5442 women, 20 to 49 years, in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2018 (P = .98 and 0.83, respectively). Although international comparisons are needed, these results with US data provide additional evidence for the potential usefulness of a physiologically based method to identify serum ferritin thresholds for iron deficiency.

The Long-Term Efficacy of Deferiprone in Thalassemia Patients With Iron Overload: Real-World Data from the Registry Database

Deferiprone (DFP) is an oral iron-chelating agent that is widely used in thalassemia patients with iron overload. This study aimed to investigate the long-term efficacy of DFP monotherapy on serum ferritin (SF) and adverse events. All thalassemia patients aged 15 years or older who received DFP monotherapy were identified from the thalassemia registry database between November 2008 and October 2019. After treatment, patients who achieved a target SF level, defined as <1000.0 ng/mL in transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and <800.0 ng/mL in non-TDT (NTDT) for two consecutive visits, were categorized as the achievable group. We used multivariate analysis to identify factors that contribute to differences between groups. One hundred and five patients were enrolled in the study with a median age of 28 (19–41) years and median initial SF level of 1399.0 (1141.0–2169.0) ng/mL. Of these, 61.0% carried Hb E (HBB: c.79G>A)/β-thalassemia (β-thal) and 60.0% were TDT patients. The median DFP dose was 63 (47–73) mg/kg/d and the median follow-up duration of treatment was 36 (20–54) months. A total of 58 (55.24%) patients were in the achievable group. The initial SF level <1350.0 ng/mL was significantly associated with achieving a targeted SF level (p = 0.002). Ten adverse events resulted in withholding DFP. The most common was gastrointestinal irritation in four patients and three patients with agranulocytosis. In conclusion, DFP is an effective iron chelator in thalassemia patients. Slightly more than half the patients (55.0%) achieved a target SF level. Lower SF levels at the beginning were an important factor.

Placental Iron Content Is Lower than Previously Estimated and Is Associated with Maternal Iron Status in Women at Greater Risk of Gestational Iron Deficiency and Anemia

BackgroundBased on limited data, it is estimated that the placenta retains 90 mg of iron. Little is known about determinants of placental iron content. Animal data indicate that the placenta prioritizes iron for its own needs, but this hypothesis has not been evaluated in humans. ObjectivesTo characterize placental iron content and placental iron concentration (p[Fe]) in pregnant women at risk of iron insufficiency and identify determinants of p[Fe]. MethodsPlacentas were collected from 132 neonates born to teens carrying singletons (≤18 y) and 101 neonates born to 48 women carrying multiples (20–46 y). Maternal and neonatal iron status indicators [hemoglobin, serum ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), serum iron, total body iron (TBI)] and hormones (erythropoietin, hepcidin) were measured. p[Fe] was measured using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Correlation analyses and mixed-effects models were constructed to identify determinants of p[Fe]. ResultsMean placental iron content was 23 mg per placenta (95% CI: 15, 33 mg) in the multiples and 40 mg (95% CI: 31, 51 mg) in the teens (P = 0.03). Mean p[Fe] did not differ between the cohorts. p[Fe] was higher in anemic (175 μg/g; 95% CI: 120, 254 μg/g) compared with nonanemic (46 μg/g; 95% CI: 26, 82 μg/g) women carrying multiples (P = 0.009), but did not differ between anemic (62 μg/g; 95% CI: 40, 102 μg/g) and nonanemic (73 μg/g; 95% CI: 56, 97 μg/g) teens. In women carrying multiples, low maternal iron status [lower SF (P = 0.002) and lower TBI (P = 0.01)] was associated with higher p[Fe], whereas in teens, improved iron status [lower sTfR (P = 0.03) and higher TBI (P = 0.03)] was associated with higher p[Fe]. ConclusionsPlacental iron content was ∼50% lower than previously estimated. p[Fe] is significantly associated with maternal iron status. In women carrying multiples, poor maternal iron status was associated with higher p[Fe], whereas in teens, improved iron status was associated with higher p[Fe]. More data are needed to understand determinants of p[Fe] and the variable iron partitioning in teens compared with mature women.