ABSTRACT Using a person-centered approach, this study examined the heterogeneity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) co-occurrence among breast cancer patients and identified factors associated with distinct latent profiles. A total of 600 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at a tertiary hospital were recruited. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to identify PTSD – PTG profiles and to examine the predictive roles of caregiver burden and demographic variables. LPA identified three distinct profiles: (1) Low Symptom Group, characterized by low PTSD and PTG; (2) Positive Growth Group, exhibiting low PTSD and high PTG; and (3) Distressed Growth Group, marked by high levels of both PTSD and PTG. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that type of surgery, residential location, and caregiver burden were significant predictors of profile membership. Patients living in cities were more likely to belong to the low symptom group relative to the distressed growth group (OR = 0.27). In addition, residence in cities (OR = 3.22) and towns (OR = 2.17) was associated with a higher probability of belonging to the positive growth group compared with the distressed growth group. Patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery were more likely to belong to the low symptom profile rather than the positive growth group (OR = 3.22). Higher caregiver burden significantly increased the odds of membership in the distressed growth group relative to the low symptom group (OR = 1.11), whereas it was associated with lower odds of belonging to the positive growth group compared with the distressed growth group (OR = 0.88). These findings highlight the heterogeneity of posttraumatic psychological responses among breast cancer patients, demonstrating distinct co-occurring profiles of PTSD and PTG, and emphasizing the relevance of caregiver burden and contextual factors in shaping patterns of posttraumatic adaptation.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) are recognized psychological outcomes of trauma, yet their relationship and role of resilience remain incompletely understood. Resilience, shaped by social and cultural factors, may reduce distress and facilitate growth, making it critical for public mental health strategies. The objective is to systematically map and synthesize evidence on the mediating and moderating role of resilience in the relationship between PTSD and PTG, with attention to social, cultural and contextual determinants relevant to population mental health. A scoping review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Google Scholar were searched for English-language studies from 2015 to May 2025. Eligible studies examined PTSD and PTG outcomes related to resilience in trauma-exposed populations. Data were charted on study design, population, measures used, main findings and social and cultural factors. The review identified 14 relevant studies that demonstrated varying relationships between PTSD and PTG. Some studies found a positive linear relationship, where higher PTSD symptoms were linked to increased PTG, provided cognitive processing and resources were available. Other studies revealed a non-linear relationship, with moderate PTSD levels corresponding to the highest PTG, while very low or high symptoms were associated with lower PTG. Resilience consistently showed a positive association with PTG, acting either as a mediator that transforms distress into growth or as a moderator that mitigates the impact of PTSD. Additionally, social support, self-compassion, cognitive reappraisal and hope were found to enhance PTG. Resilience is a key factor shaping trauma outcomes, but its interaction with social determinants warrants further exploration. Strengthening individual and community resilience through social support, equitable access to care and culturally sensitive interventions may enhance recovery and foster growth at the population level. These findings have direct implications for clinical assessment and trauma-focused psychotherapy, highlighting resilience as a modifiable therapeutic target.

To classify clusters based on post-traumatic growth (PTG) and post-traumatic depreciation (PTD) in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and examine between-cluster differences in symptom experiences and coping strategies. This study used a cross-sectional design and reporting followed the STROBE checklist. Between February and August 2024, 211 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Seoul hospitals completed questionnaires based on the Post-Traumatic Growth and Depreciation Inventory-Extended (PTGDI-X), Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form (MSAS-SF), and Coping Strategy Indicator (K-CSI). K-means cluster analysis was performed on PTG and PTD scores, with the optimal cluster number determined by the silhouette coefficient. Differences among clusters in symptom experiences and coping strategies were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Scheffé's post hoc test. The findings support the independent coexistence of PTG and PTD. Participants were divided into three clusters: Cluster 1 (high PTG, low PTD), Cluster 2 (moderate PTG, high PTD), and Cluster 3 (low PTG, low PTD). Problem-solving and social support seeking were highest in Cluster 1; Cluster 2 exhibited the greatest symptom experience and the highest use of avoidance. Cluster 3 showed the lowest levels of problem-solving, social support seeking, and both PTG and PTD, with relatively lower symptom experience similar to Cluster 1. The study highlights the importance of tailored psychological assessment for cancer patients. Understanding the distinct symptom experiences and coping strategies of different PTG-PTD clusters can guide the development of individualized nursing interventions that enhance patient well-being and recovery. Findings offer practical guidance for effective psychosocial support and holistic cancer care.

BACKGROUNDPostoperative anxiety, depression, irritability, and even fear in patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures may hinder recovery, compromise treatment efficacy, and impede rehabilitation.AIMTo investigate the correlations among anxiety, depression, sense of coherence (SOC), and post-traumatic growth (PTG) in patients who underwent intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery to improve clinical management strategies and outcomes.METHODSThis study carefully selected 211 patients who received surgical treatment for intertrochanteric femoral fractures and were admitted to Dongying People’s Hospital from March 2022 to March 2024. Anxiety and depression in these patients were assessed with the anxiety and depression subscales of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), respectively. SOC was evaluated using the 13-item SOC scale (SOC-13), which encompasses three key dimensions: Comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. PTG was assessed with the Chinese version of PTG Inventory (CPTGI), covering five distinct dimensions: Personal strength, appreciation of life, relating to others, new possibilities, and spiritual change. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to meticulously analyze the associations among HADS-Anxiety, HADS-Depression, SOC-13, and CPTGI. Further, univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors that affect PTG in patients who underwent intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery.RESULTSThe collected data demonstrated that 67.30% and 60.66% of the 211 patients experienced anxiety and depression, respectively, with overall anxiety levels ranging from mild to moderate and depression levels being mild. The mean SOC-13 score was 55.73 ± 8.81 points, indicating a generally low SOC level. The average CPTGI score was 54.93 ± 9.92 points, demonstrating a relatively low PTG level. Notably, both HADS-Anxiety and HADS-Depression scores were significantly negatively correlated with CPTGI, whereas SOC-13 scores were significantly positively correlated with CPTGI. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified the presence of comorbidities [odds ratio (OR) = 2.747, P = 0.003], monthly household income (OR = 3.292, P < 0.001), and exercise habits (OR = 4.651, P < 0.001) as independent predictors of PTG in patients.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study indicate a significant negative correlation of anxiety and depression with PTG in patients after intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery, whereas a significant positive association exists between SOC and PTG. This study helps more comprehensively understand the psychological status and recovery processes of such patients, thereby potentially providing valuable information for clinical practice and psychological interventions.

This study explores post-traumatic growth (PTG) among parents of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs), a group often underrepresented in research. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design integrating Bayesian Multilevel Latent Class Analysis and Thematic Analysis was utilized in a longitudinal study involving 58 caregivers (50 mothers, 8 fathers) from the Children's Clinical University Hospital in Riga. Quantitative data were collected at diagnosis using the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) and Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10). Follow-up assessments post-treatment included the Responses to Stress Questionnaire (RSQ), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Qualitative data were collected through structured interviews. A 2-class model distinguished parents with low PTG from those with moderate to high PTG. Change in values, detachment from trivial stressors, and acceptance of life emerged as key indicators of growth. PTG was not significantly correlated with overall post-traumatic stress symptoms, but engagement coping strategies showed a positive association with PTG and personality traits like extraversion and openness. The mixed methods approach revealed sample-specific PTG elements not reflected in standardized tools. Initial perceptions of the cancer diagnosis shaped psychological outcomes, with PTG facilitated by adaptive coping, self-reflection, support, emotional disclosure, and psychological struggle. This study offers the first insights into PTG among Latvian parents of CCSs, a previously unexplored area.

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) refers to positive psychological changes following adversity, including deeper relationships and a greater appreciation for life. To assess PTG among intensive care unit (ICU) health care professionals 4 years after the COVID-19 pandemic and explore its association with resilience, anxiety, and depression. This cross-sectional study invited ICU health care professionals (nursing staff, medical staff [residents, interns, clinical fellows, and senior intensivists], and other professionals providing patient care) in ICUs in general or university-affiliated hospitals in France and Belgium to complete online questionnaires between March 15 and May 15, 2024. PTG, resilience, anxiety, and depression. The primary outcome was PTG, and secondary outcomes were anxiety, depression, and resilience. Participants completed validated self-reported questionnaires, including the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10). Visual analog scales (VASs) assessed professional experiences and psychological impact. Multivariate linear regression identified factors associated with PTG. Among 1371 health care professionals in 23 ICUs, 850 (62%) responded (median age, 39 years [IQR, 32-46 years]; 574 [68%] women). The median PTGI score was 50 (IQR, 33-64), with nursing staff reporting higher PTG than medical staff (51 [IQR, 34-65] vs 47 [IQR, 28-61]; P = .02), mainly in personal strength, spiritual change, and appreciation of life. Anxiety and depression symptoms were present in 492 respondents (58%) and 219 respondents (26%), respectively. Lower PTG was associated with psychological fatigue (regression coefficient, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.91-1.96; P < .001), ICU conflicts (regression coefficient, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.05-1.19; P = .03), and perceived deterioration in family-centered care (regression coefficient, -7.47; 95% CI, -1.10 to -13.80; P = .02). Higher PTG was correlated with higher resilience (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.17-0.30; P < .001) and was associated with a change in personal life since the pandemic (regression coefficient, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.13-2.47] per VAS point; P < .001). In this cross-sectional study performed 4 years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, ICU health care professionals, particularly nursing staff, exhibited significant PTG. Resilience, rather than psychological distress, emerged as a key driver of PTG, and deterioration in family-centered care was a major contributing factor, underscoring the need for targeted well-being and resilience-building strategies to enhance health care professionals' mental health and professional fulfillment while also improving patient and family care.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted that healthcare workers are at a high risk of experiencing poor mental health. Objective: To examine the associations between various psychosocial factors (i.e., gender, age, income level, LGBTQIA+ status, posttraumatic growth, perceived stress, and resilience) and three clinically relevant mental health outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, and psychological distress) among Colombian psychologists following the most restrictive phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional online study was conducted between December 1st, 2021, and April 30th, 2022. Depression, anxiety, and psychological distress symptoms were assessed using the PHQ-2, the GAD-2, and the PHQ-4, respectively. Prevalences and prevalence ratios by socioeconomic and psychological variables were also estimated. Results: Of the 1,297 participants, the majority were female (78%) and had a mean age of 39.2 (SD = 11.5). In total, 27.5% reported depression, 25.4% anxiety, and 17.5% psychological distress symptoms. Depression and psychological distress were higher among females and younger psychologists. Psychological distress was higher among LGBTQIA+ psychologists. Lower posttraumatic growth and resilience and higher perceived stress were associated with higher depression, anxiety, and psychological distress symptoms. Conclusion: These findings highlight disparities in mental health outcomes among psychologists associated with varying psychosocial factors. They also highlight the need to offer psychologists resources to improve their psychological adaptation to stressful circumstances related to future public health emergencies.

Background. The phenomenon of post-traumatic growth (PTG), which consists of significant positive changes in the personality due to the experience of a difficult life crisis, is currently considered an effective countermeasure to the destructive consequences of psycho-emotional stress. Purpose – is to determine the individual psychological predictors of PTG among medical students in the context of a large-scale social crisis. Materials and methods. In compliance with the requirements of biomedical ethics and based on informed consent, an anonymous questionnaire and psychodiagnostic examination of 152 medical students was conducted during October– November 2024. According to the subjective assessment of the severity of the stress experienced by an individual during their life, the students were distributed as follows: 7.2% of the surveyed assessed the most severe stress they experienced in their lives as mild, 23.7% as moderate, 42.8% as severe, and 26.3% as very severe. The psychodiagnostic tools of the study consisted of The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) questionnaire, the Mini-Mult questionnaire, and the J.B. Rotter locus of control measurement questionnaire. Results. It was found that the individual-personal profiles of students with low and high PTG are somewhat similar, with differences in the expressiveness of character traits, which are manifested by significantly higher indicators on the Mini-Mult scales: hypochondria (53.49 ± 10.01 points in students with low PTG vs 48.80 ± 10.18 in students with high PTG, p = 0.002), depression (49.08 ± 11.51 points vs 42.17 ± 9.81, p &lt; 0.0001), hysteria (51.70 ± 10.16 points vs 45.77 ± 9.71, p &lt; 0.0001), psychopathy (51.09 ± 14.69 points vs 44.44 ± 13.83, p = 0.008), rigidity (49.40 ± 11.66 points vs 44.63 ± 10.25, p = 0.018), psychasthenia (52.31 ± 12.01 points vs 45.07 ± 12.36, p &lt; 0.0001) and schizoidism (53.19 ± 10.78 points vs 48.28 ± 10.74, p = 0.014). Students with low PTG were characterized by the dominance of the external locus of control, which is associated with the tendency to consider one’s own successes or failures as the result of mainly external forces, passivity, a sense of one’s own inferiority, low self-esteem and self-respect, a low level of aspirations and a desire for external support and help: 12.61 ± 3.90 points vs 10.99 ± 3.19 (p = 0.004). Students with high PTG were characterized by a greater expressiveness of the internal locus of control, which is associated with the belief in the ability to influence the course of events through their own activity, a high level of aspirations, activity in achieving goals, independence in judgments and actions, the desire to change reality, high self-esteem, and orientation to their own efforts to overcome problems: 12.00 ± 3.20 points vs 10.39 ± 3.90 for students with low PTG (p = 0.005). Correlation analysis revealed significant inverse correlations of the PTGI index with the indicators on the scales of psychasthenia (rS = –0.360), depression (rS = –0.307), hysteria (rS = –0.283), psychopathy (rS = –0.276), schizoidism (rS = –0.235), hypochondria (rS = –0.222) and rigidity (rS = –0.170). External locus of control was negatively correlated with PTG, and internal locus of control was positively correlated with PTG (rS = 0.165 and rS = –0.165, respectively, p = 0.042). Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to conclude that individual and personality characteristics are an important, but not the only factor of PTG, and determine the need for further research into relevant factors that may have an impact on PTG.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious negative psychological effects worldwide, relatively little research has been performed on the potential enduring effects of COVID-19 on people's emotional health and Internet addiction. This study was to examine the longitudinal associations between risk perception of COVID-19, depressive symptoms, and Internet addiction among Chinese undergraduates. We conducted a two-wave longitudinal survey by convenience sampling, a total of 1,153 Chinese undergraduate students completed questionnaires measuring their COVID-19 risk perception and post-traumatic growth (PTG) in December 2022 (T1) via an online survey. Subsequently, 1,008 of the T1 participants (87.42%) completed the depressive symptoms scale and Internet addiction scale 6 months later, in June 2023 (T2). (1) Risk perception of COVID-19 was significantly and positively predicted depressive symptoms and Internet addiction 6 months later; (2) Depressive symptoms played a mediating role between risk perceptions and Internet addiction; (3) PTG moderated the first-stage link between risk perception and Internet addiction, and this relationship was more robust for low PTG than for high PTG. These findings advance our understanding of the relationship and mechanisms between risk perception of COVID-19 and Internet addiction, and further support developing interventions to strengthen PTG for mitigating negative outcomes during major crises.

Adolescents’ posttraumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic: The links between differentiation of self, parents’ posttraumatic growth, and adolescents’ gender

Background/Objectives: Post-traumatic growth (PTG) has the potential to draw positive consequences from trauma. Hence, there is interest in finding ways to promote PTG. Research has identified an attentional bias towards positive resilience-related words (e.g., "persistence", "purpose") in university students who report high PTG after experiencing adversities. Although people can respond to these experiences by showing low PTG, this bias seems to help with their struggle by making purposeful contents more accessible. Therefore, boosting attentional bias towards positive resilience-related words could help people with low PTG. Methods: In this study, the participants were thirty-six university students who had experienced bullying before entering university. Using a Stroop emotional task, they identified the color of resilience and neutral words, either positive or negative, before and after being submitted to transcranial direct current stimulation. Stimulation was targeted at the right temporal area involved in intentionality processing. Results: In the anodal condition, the results support a stimulation effect on the resilience attentional bias that could benefit participants with low PTG. A significant moderation of approach motivation for this effect was also found. Specifically, only when participants had medium or high approach motivation did stimulation boost the attentional bias in students with low PTG. Conclusions: These results support that tDCS stimulation in this brain area is effective in enhancing resilience attentional bias in low-PTG students. However, for this effect to occur it is necessary to have approach motivation, which is motivation related to goals.

This study investigates how adults who faced childhood adversity develop resilience, using the Resilience Portfolio Model to assess the impact of early victimization on adult well-being and posttraumatic growth. A sample of 689 adults aged 18 to 60 (average age 25.2 years, SD = 9.62) was recruited online in Kosovo, a collectivist and post-conflict society. Participants completed a survey on youth victimization, psychosocial strengths, subjective well-being and posttraumatic growth. Findings from the study show that 93% experienced some form of victimization, including 40% who were exposed to parental violence. Blockwise logistic regressions indicated that poly-strengths (an indicator of the breadth of one's resilience portfolio), sense of purpose, optimism, and religious meaning making were associated with higher levels of posttraumatic growth, controlling for polyvictimization and demographics (total R2 = 0.39). Poly-strengths, sense of purpose, optimism, and psychological endurance were associated with higher subjective well-being (total R2 = 0.34). Unexpectedly, some strengths were associated with lower posttraumatic growth, including coping, anger management, and moral-based meaning making. Findings from this highly victimized sample show that several strengths seem promising in promoting resilience. Intervention and prevention programs should consider focusing on promoting a sense of purpose or broadening resilience portfolios. More research is needed in other collectivist and post-conflict societies.

Purpose After traumatic brain injury (TBI), individuals may face challenges in their social participation, self-awareness, and self-identity. However, positive life changes can also be experienced (i.e., post-traumatic growth). This study aimed to characterize the social participation, self-awareness, and self-identity of individuals with TBI displaying post-traumatic growth. Materials and methods Fifteen participants (male = 10, mean age = 49.7 years) with moderate to severe TBI (average years post-injury = 15.2) were included in this mixed-methods study. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess social participation, self-awareness, and self-identity. Qualitative data, collected using semi-structured interviews, were used to categorize participants into two groups: higher (n = 8) and lower (n = 7) post-traumatic growth. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize participants in each group in terms of their social participation, self-awareness, and self-identity. Results Participants with higher post-traumatic growth had increased social participation, higher self-awareness, and fewer negative discrepancies between their pre- and post-injury self-identities, compared to participants with lower post-traumatic growth. Conclusion This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of post-traumatic growth through the use of both qualitative and quantitative data. These findings can inform future research and development of programs to promote post-traumatic growth post-TBI.

This study examined differences between young women who are survivors of sexual violence and young women who are survivors of other traumas in terms of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and possible PTG predictors: personal factors (shame and self-blame) and social factors (social support and social reactions to the traumatic event). Additionally, the study explored the possible association between these factors and PTG among the two groups. The sample comprised 285 female trauma survivors, aged 18–30, of whom 128 were sexual violence survivors. Lower PTG was found among sexual violence survivors, while shame, self-blame, and receiving negative reactions were higher among this group than the other group. Among both groups, higher levels of PTG were associated with low levels of shame and high levels of positive reactions, but only in those who experienced sexual violence was PTG associated with high levels of self-blame. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

We examined the moderating roles of distress tolerance, meaning in life, and social support in the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among cancer patients. Participants included 301 cancer outpatients randomly selected from the oncology unit of a tertiary healthcare institution in Nigeria (female = 60.1%%; age range = 21 to 85 years, mean age = 52.30 years, SD = 12.64 years). They completed self-report measures on distress tolerance, meaning in life, social support, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and PTG. Following series of moderation analysis using Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS Model 1, results showed that higher PTSS was associated with lower PTG at low and moderate, but not at high levels of distress tolerance. Moreover, meaning in life and social support moderators the PTSS and PTG relationship for higher PTG. Therefore, intervention programmes to promote PTG among cancer patients should consider meaning in life, and social support for their protective potentials in improving positive posttraumatic outcome and recovery with distress tolerance.

The study identified different patterns of symptom burden and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among patients with cancer and to explored the effects of sociodemographic, disease-related, and family resilience factors, which could provide reference for the development of personalized nursing measures. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 329 patients with cancer who were undergoing treatment. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to explore the patterns of symptom burden and PTG among patients with cancer, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of different patterns. Based on the fit indicators of LPA, a three-class pattern model of posttraumatic responses was shown to be optimal, including resisting, struggling, and growth groups. In the resisting group (34.34%), patients reported low symptom burden and low PTG; in the struggling group (19.15%), patients showed a high symptom burden and moderate PTG; in the growth group (46.51%), patients showed low symptom burden and high PTG. Moreover, patients with cancer with high levels of family resilience were more likely to fall into the struggling and growth groups. Specifically, those with lower scores in the optimistic attitude and higher scores in the family and social support dimension of family resilience were more likely to fall into the struggling group, whereas those with lower scores in the transcendence and spiritual belief dimensions of family resilience were more likely to fall into the resisting group. Additionally, patients with at least three children were more likely to fall into the struggling group. This study showed heterogeneity in symptom burden and PTG patterns among patients with cancer. Patients' growth must include both psychological growth and the mitigated symptom burden. Family factors may be intervention targets to improve the growth patterns.

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) are possible reactions to exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) during military service. However, knowledge about patterns of both PTSS and PTG among female combat veterans is sparse. This study examines constellations of PTSS and PTG among Israeli female combat veterans, as well as military-related exposure and positive psychological correlates of these constellations. A volunteer sample of Israeli women combat veterans (n = 885) responded to self-report questionnaires in a cross-sectional design study. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify four profiles characterized by unique constellations of PTSS and PTG: moderate PTSS and high PTG (33%), moderate PTSS and moderate PTG (30%), low PTSS and high PTG (30%), and low PTSS and PTG (5.5%). Higher levels of combat experiences were associated with higher odds of inclusion in the moderate PTSS and high PTG and moderate PTSS and moderate PTG profiles. Moreover, compared to the other classes, both low PTSS and high PTG and moderate PTSS and high PTG classes were associated with higher levels of satisfaction with life and happiness psychological outcomes. The study's findings offer an overview of the complex pattern of associations between PTSS, PTG, and associated predictors and outcomes. Clinicians treating female veterans should be aware of the varying reactions to military service challenges, including the presence of moderate to high levels of PTG reactions in addition to PTSS.

ABSTRACT Background: Supporting wellbeing beyond symptom reduction is necessary in trauma care. Research suggests increased posttraumatic growth (PTG) may promote wellbeing more effectively than posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom reduction alone. Understanding neurobiological mechanisms of PTG would support PTG intervention development. However, most PTG research to-date has been cross-sectional data self-reported through surveys or interviews. Objective: Neural evidence of PTG and its coexistence with resilience and PTSD is limited. To advance neural PTG literature and contribute translational neuroscientific knowledge necessary to develop future objectively measurable neural-based PTG interventions. Method: Alpha frequency EEG and validated psychological inventories measuring PTG, resilience, and PTSD symptoms were collected from 30 trauma-exposed healthy adults amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. EEG data were collected using custom MNE-Python software, and a wireless OpenBCI 16-channel dry electrode EEG headset. Psychological inventory scores were analysed in SPSS Statistics and used to categorise the EEG data. Power spectral density analyses, t-tests and ANOVAs were conducted within EEGLab to identify brain activity differentiating high and low PTG, resilience, and PTSD symptoms. Results: Higher PTG was significantly differentiated from low PTG by higher alpha power in the left centro-temporal brain area around EEG electrode C3. A trend differentiating high PTG from PTSD was also indicated in this same location. Whole-scalp spectral topographies revealed alpha power EEG correlates of PTG, resilience and PTSD symptoms shared limited, but potentially meaningful similarities. Conclusion: This research provides the first comparative neural topographies of PTG, resilience and PTSD symptoms in the known literature. Results provide objective neural evidence supporting existing theory depicting PTG, resilience and PTSD as independent, yet co-occurring constructs. PTG neuromarker alpha C3 significantly delineated high from low PTG and warrants further investigation for potential clinical application. Findings provide foundation for future neural-based interventions and research for enhancing PTG in trauma-exposed individuals.

This study aimed to determine posttraumatic growth and psychological resilience and understand the relationship between posttraumatic growth and psychological resilience in frontline nurses. This study was conducted on 263 nurses working at the pandemic clinics of a hospital of a healthcare group in Istanbul and a public hospital in Bursa between June 20 and September 01, 2020. Data were collected online to avoid the risk of infection using the personal information form, the Connor-Davidson resilience scale and the posttraumatic growth inventory. There is a significant relationship between posttraumatic growth and psychological resilience in frontline nurses. Nurses with a master's degree have higher psychological resilience than those with a bachelor's degree. Also, those who are reported that they receive organizational support from the nursing services management have higher psychological resilience and posttraumatic growth scores. Participants who worked for the hospital in Istanbul, those who stayed at hotels, and those who had no communication problems with the healthcare team had statistically significant higher posttraumatic scores and subscale scores than others. Also, those who do not think that they can protect themselves from the virus enough have lower posttraumatic growth than those who think so. Psychological resilience was positively correlated with posttraumatic growth and its subscales. Future studies should follow up on frontline nurses to determine the long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological resilience and posttraumatic growth.

Introductionpeople suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) can experience post-traumatic growth (PTG), a sense of personal growth and benefit gain. Patients mental health can play an important role in PTG development.Objectivesto explore possible differences in mental health according to PTG levels.Methodsthe sample was composed of 392 outpatients with MS from Virgen de la Macarena University Hospital (268 women; 124 (31.6 %) men, ages 19-78 years old (mean 45.61 years, SD=11.16 years). Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) mean score was 3.38 (SD=2.06). Relapsing remittent (n=327) and progressive (n=65) MS type were reported. Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PGI-21) measured patients perception of personal benefit gain after MS experience. General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) evaluated Mental Health distress symptoms. Unpaired t-test was used to identify differences in mental health distress between “low PTG ≤49 score” and “high PTG ≥50 score” groups.ResultsSignificant differences were found in social dysfunction (t=2.521, p=0.012) and severe depression (t=2.442, p=0.015), “high PTG group” (n=194) presented lower scores compare to “low PTG group” (n=198). No significant difference was detected in somatic symptoms (t=0.185, p=0.087) and anxiety and insomnia (t=0.859, p=0.391).Conclusionspatients with higher PTG reported a better mental health. This suggests the relevance of mental health status in positive outcomes development after an adverse life event. Particularly, social dysfunction and depressive symptoms should be considered in interventions aimed to promote positive outcomes as personal gain and benefit finding in MS population.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared