Low Negative Correlation Research Articles

The Relationship between Physical Activity during Pregnancy, Post-CesareanSection Pain, and Analgesia Requirement

Background & Objective: The cesarean section increases worldwide and has many side effects, including acute pain. This study investigated the relationship between physical activity during pregnancy, analgesic consumption, and maximal postoperative pain in women with low segment cesarean section.
 Materials & Methods: 340 Cesarean section women were interviewed by demographic and global physical activity questionnaires during the pre-operative visits. The participants were categorized into high, moderate, and low physical activity groups (high PA, moderate PA, low PA, respectively) according to the global physical activity questionnaire guidelines. The maximal postoperative pain (MPP), the type, and doses of analgesia used/2 days were recorded. Pearson correlation, Chi-square, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data.
 Results: MPP was reduced in the high PA group (5.48 ±1.72) compared to the moderate (6.46±1.30) and low PA groups (6.97±1.92; p<0.0005, p<0.0005, respectively). There was a difference between the moderate and low PA groups (p=0.04). Paracetamol was the common analgesic without significant difference among groups (p=0.37). The numbers of paracetamol doses significantly reduced in the high PA group (3.31±1.65) compared to the low PA group (4.03±2.01, p=0.01). MPP had a significant and low negative correlation with total physical activity (r=-0.25, p=0.0005). There was a negative significant correlation between occupation (r=-0.491, p=0.0005), recreational (r=-0.262, p=0.0005), and travel activities (r=--0.150, p=0.006) with MPP. There was a low positive correlation between sedentary activity and MPP (r=0.23, p=0.0005).
 Conclusions: Maternal physical activity can be a non-pharmacological and cost-effective method of pain management.

Side Effects Profile among Healthcare Workers after the Administration of Activated mRNA-1273 as a Booster Following 2 Shots of Inactivated (CoronaVac) Vaccine

Objective: This study focuses on investigating the profile of all side effects of the mRNA-1273 vaccine for healthcare workers. Material and method: A cross-sectional design were used to explore the side effects of the mRNA-1273 vaccine for healthcare workers in Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia. The survey was conducted through Google form after 119 healthcare workers in Yogyakarta and Central Java receiving the mRNA-1273 vaccination as a booster in May-August 2021. Results and discussion:The major goal of this research is to investigate the side effects of using the mRNA-1273 vaccine as a booster among healthcare workers in Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia.Most (99.2%) of respondents admitted to feeling pain at the injection site, 42% the respondents also admitted to feeling swelling at the injection site as a moderate side effect, and 3.4% respondents reported vomiting as a rare side effect.This study found the low negative correlation between headache with p value 0.004 (p<0.05, r= -314) and nauseous with p value 0.012 (p<0.05, r= -300) towards the gender. We also found the low negative correlation between muscle aches with p value 0.033 (p<0.05) towards the ages (r= -257). Conclusion: The most common side effect after receiving the mRNA-1273 vaccine as a booster is a pain in the injection area. Female most frequent felt the headache and nauseous than man after received booster vaccination. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 04 October’22 Page : 801-807

The Effect of Mental Health Intervention before English Test on College Students' English Test Scores.

It is necessary to pay attention to and study the physical and mental health development of college students. On the basis of statistical analysis of the questionnaire, this paper studies the impact of pretest mental health intervention on college students' English test scores, summarizes the problems and characteristics of college students' mental health, and explores the reasons for psychological problems. Based on the research results and related survey data of the mental health status of college students by scholars, this paper believes that these reasons mainly include students' personal reasons, school and social environment pressure, and insufficient family support factors. The data analysis shows that in the relationship between English education and mental health in colleges and universities, the amount of mental health intervention of students' extracurricular exercise has a stable and low negative correlation with the scores of each factor of SCL-90 (Symptom Checklist 90) and is negatively correlated with the scores of each subscale. The experimental results show that there are extremely significant differences in academic performance (F = 5.084, P < 0.01), and there is a certain linear relationship between students' mental health level and students' English exercise feeling. The lower the fatigue score, the higher the mental health level of the students, which effectively promotes the mental health development of college students.

The identification of association between ultrasonographic enthesitis and the ASAS Health Index in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.

This study aimed to evaluate association between the entheseal abnormalities in ultrasound and the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society Health Index (ASAS HI) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Seventy-four patients with axSpA were enrolled in this study. Ultrasonographic evaluation of entheses was performed by a blinded rheumatologist with the Madrid Sonographic Enthesitis Index (MASEI). The MASEI total score and the MASEI sub-scores (e.g., structural damage and activity scores) were calculated. The ASAS HI and the other SpA tools (e.g., Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Index, the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score) were used to evaluate patients' health and disease activity. Correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between the MASEI and the ASAS HI. The mean score of the ASAS HI was 7.7 ± 4.6. The MASEI total score was calculated as 8.4 ± 6.8, while the mean MASEI-activity was 4.7 ± 3.6 and the mean MASEI-structural damage was 3.8 ± 4.5. There was no correlation between ASAS HI and MASEI total scores (r = 0.11, p = 0.34). However, the ASAS HI had a positive correlation with the MASEI-activity (r = 0.49, p < 0.001) and had a low negative correlation with the MASEI-structural damage (r = -0.29, p < 0.05). In the linear regression model, the MASEI-activity and MASEI-structural damage were significantly related to the ASAS HI (β = 0.72 and -0.58, respectively; R2 = 0.53 p < 0.001). This study reported that the ASAS HI score was more negatively affected by active entheseal lesions rather than structural lesions. We suggest adding the entheses evaluation with ultrasonography to other tools for monitoring the health status of patients with axSpA.

JNK pathway-associated phosphatase illustrates low expression and negative correlations with inflammation, disease activity, and T-helper 17 cells in inflammatory bowel disease children.

BackgroundC‐Jun N‐terminal kinase pathway‐associated phosphatase (JKAP) modulates the T cell receptor and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway‐mediated autoimmunity, thus participating in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to explore the clinical implication of JKAP in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) children.MethodsC‐Jun N‐terminal kinase pathway‐associated phosphatase, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐23, interferon‐γ (T‐helper 1 secreted cytokine), and interleukin‐17A (T‐helper 17 secreted cytokine) in serum samples from 140 IBD children (including 60 Crohn's disease (CD) children and 80 ulcerative colitis (UC) children) were detected by ELISA. Meanwhile, JKAP from serum samples of 10 healthy controls (HCs) was also detected by ELISA.ResultsC‐Jun N‐terminal kinase pathway‐associated phosphatase was reduced in CD children (median (interquartile range (IQR)): 51.6 (36.8–69.5) pg/ml) and UC children (median (IQR): 57.5 (43.4–78.5) pg/ml) compared with HCs (median (IQR): 101.8 (70.0–143.2) pg/ml) (both p < 0.05). In CD children, JKAP was negatively correlated with C‐reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.016) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p = 0.029); while in UC children, JKAP was also negatively correlated with CRP (p = 0.006) and ESR (p = 0.022). Regarding the correlation of JKAP with disease activity, it presented negative correlations with PCDAI (p = 0.001) and PUCAI (p = 0.002). Besides, JKAP was negatively related to TNF‐α (both p < 0.05) but not interleukin‐23 (both p>0.05) in CD and UC children. Additionally, JKAP was not correlated with interferon‐γ in CD or UC children (both p>0.05), while negatively correlated with interleukin‐17A in CD and UC children (both p < 0.05).ConclusionC‐Jun N‐terminal kinase pathway‐associated phosphatase shows low expression and negative correlations with inflammation, disease activity, and T‐helper 17 cells in IBD children.

Validitas dan Reliabilitas Perceived Future Employability Scale untuk Dewasa Muda

In this era of the 4th industrial revolution, one of the challenges we face is employment. There has been a decrease in job opportunities, while competition has also increased. The unemployment rate also continues to increase annually, especially among university graduates. Students need to be aware of how ready they are to enter the labor market after completing their studies. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Perceived Future Employability Scale (PFES), to identify whether the Indonesian version of the instrument is valid and reliable. PFES is expected to assist students to get an overview of how ready they are to enter the labor market, so they can prepare themselves better and know what still needs to improve. The process carried out includes a Focused Group Discussion (FGD), forward-backward translation, expert review, readability test, expert judgment, and data collection. The research design is in the form of an online questionnaire. The number of samples in this study amounted to 467 university students aged 18-30 years old. This study examined the construct validity and internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha). PFES has a strong positive correlation with the instrument that measures similar construct, and has a low negative correlation with the instrument that measures different construct. The results also indicated a high level of reliability. Thus, the Indonesian version of the PFES measuring instrument is a valid and reliable measuring instrument.

Energy Consumption and Regional Development in the Matopiba Region Between 2000 and 2020

The region called the acronym Matopiba is an area composed of part of the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piaui, and Bahia. Agricultural production in the region is marked by large harvests of grains, especially soybeans, corn, and cotton. Considering that electricity is a vital development infrastructure, the present study analyzed the electricity consumption in the Matopiba region located in the state of Piauí was related to the total GDP (GDP), agriculture GDP (AGDP), and human development index (HDI) between the years 2000 to 2020. The results showed that in 2000 there was a strong positive correlation between GDP and AGDP (0.92), a moderate positive correlation between GDP and energy consumption (0.60), as well as AGDP and electricity consumption (0.67). Results indicated a low negative correlation between the HDI and the other variables. In 2020, the results indicated a strong positive correlation between GDP and AGDP (0.83), and a high positive correlation between GDP and energy consumption (0.83), while AGDP showed a low positive correlation with the consumption of electricity (0.46). The HDI, on the other hand, showed a low negative correlation with AGDP and a low positive correlation with GDP. On the other hand, it showed a moderate positive correlation with electricity consumption. It was also verified that there was a substantial rise in the HDI in the municipalities studied between 2000 and 2020, an increase in the region’s GDP and AGDP, and electricity consumption in the period studied. Therefore, we concluded that the increase in the electricity consumed in the region in the last 20 years is a positive indicator of Matopiba’s regional development.

Association between Emotional Intelligence and Stress Coping Strategies According to Sex in Mexican General Population.

Emotional intelligence has been associated with adaptive coping in the adolescent and young population; however, the association of specific dimensions of emotional intelligence with each coping strategy has not been associated in general nor by each sex separately. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine such an association. The general population was invited to perform an electronic questionnaire via social networks. A sample of 984 individuals were included, from which 62.1% were women, in whom we detected higher levels of emotional attention, and lower levels of emotional clarity and emotional repair, as well as increased levels of stress, depression and anxiety than men. In the bivariate correlations we observed significant positive correlations between emotional attention with stress, depression and anxiety, and significant negative correlations between emotional clarity and emotional repair with the three negative psychological variables, in both sexes. Adaptive coping strategies (mainly active coping and planning) showed positive correlations with emotional attention, emotional clarity and repair, being higher for emotional clarity and repair in both sexes. In addition, these two subscales also showed low negative correlations between some maladaptive strategies in both sexes, which suggests that interventions addressed to increase these emotional abilities could be useful in increasing adaptive coping.

Physiological Profiling and Energy System Contributions During Simulated Epée Matches in Elite Fencers.

The aim of this study was to investigate physiological responses and energetic contributions during simulated epée matches in elite fencers. Ten elite male fencers participated in simulated epée (direct elimination) matches. Simulated epée matches included 3 bouts of 3minutes each with 1-minute rests between bouts. During these sessions, physiological variables such as mean and peak heart rate, peak and mean oxygen uptake (VO2peak and VO2mean), metabolic equivalents of task in VO2peak and VO2mean, and blood lactate concentrations (peak lactate concentration and delta blood lactate concentration) were measured. Furthermore, energetic contributions (oxidative [WOxi], glycolytic, and phosphagen) and time-motion variables were estimated. Values of peak heart rate, mean heart rate, and WOxi (in percentages) were significantly higher in the second and third bouts compared with the first. VO2peak and metabolic equivalents of task in VO2peak were significantly higher in the first bout compared with the third bout. Values of delta blood lactate concentration and glycolytic contribution (in kilojoules and percentages) were significantly lower in the second and third bouts compared with the first. VO2mean and metabolic equivalents of task in VO2mean were significantly higher in the second bout compared with the third bout. Furthermore, WOxi (in kilojoules and percentage) was significantly higher in all bouts compared with phosphagen and glycolytic contributions. Low positive and negative correlations were seen between WOxi, VO2mean, sum of attacks and defense times, and the sum of time without attacks and defenses. Direct-elimination epée matches consist of high-intensity intermittent exercise, and the oxidative contribution is 80% to 90%. Improving aerobic conditioning may support high-intensity intermittent actions during entire epée matches in elite fencers.

Analysis of Biochemical and Genetic Variability of Pleurotus ostreatus Based on the β-Glucans and CDDP Markers.

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is still one of the most cultivated edible and medicinal mushrooms. Despite its frequent cultivation around the world, there is currently just a little information available on the variability of strains in terms of the content of β-glucans in them. This work presents an extensive study of 60 strains in terms of the content of α-glucans and β-glucans in their caps and stipes. The authenticity of the production strains based on an analysis of the variability of their genome by CDDP (Conserved DNA-derived polymorphism) markers was confirmed, whereas identical CDDP profiles were identified between samples 45, 89, 95, and 96. Genetic variability of the analyzed production strains showed a high polymorphism and effective discriminative power of the used marking technique. Medium positive correlations were found among the CDDP profiles and β-glucan content in the group of strains that generated the same CDDP profiles, and low negative correlation was found among these profiles in the group of low β-glucan content strains. For the determination of glucans content, Mushroom and Yeast analytical enzymatic kit (Megazyme, Bray, Co. Wicklow, Ireland) were used. The results clearly showed that the stipe contains on average 33% more β-glucans than the cap. The minimum detected β-glucan content in the stipe was in strain no. 72, specifically 22%, and the maximum in strain no. 43, specifically 56%, which after the conversion represents a difference of 155%. From the point of view of β-glucan content, the stated strain no. 43 appears to be very suitable for the commercial production of β-glucans under certain conditions.

Self-Management Knowledge among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Hospital Taiping, Malaysia

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by hyperglycaemia resulting from insulin insufficiency, insulin resistance or both. Although different anti-diabetic agents are available to control blood glucose, patient self-management is essential for achieving good glycaemic control. Good knowledge of disease self-management is a pre-requisite to enable patients in making informed decisions in disease management. In this study, we aimed to determine the knowledge of self-management among patients with T2DM visiting outpatient pharmacy at Hospital Taiping. Adult patients with T2DM were invited to participate in a survey from December 2018 to February 2019. A pre-validated, selfadministered questionnaire was used to capture patients’ demographics, glucose level and diabetes self-management knowledge. A total of 148 patients responded to the survey. More than half of the patients (54.7%) in this study were found to have low knowledge scores (&lt; 70%). The level of education (p = 0.041), occupation (p = 0.024) and the use of insulin (p &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with patients’ level of self-management knowledge whereas no significant relationships were found between knowledge score across age, gender, ethnicity, living status, use of oral anti-diabetic agents, attending diabetes education before and the duration of diabetes. A low but significant negative correlation was found between the score of self-management knowledge and fasting blood glucose (r = −0.264, p = 0.002). Despite the fact that nearly half of the respondents had good knowledge scores, the knowledge gaps remain to be filled s o t hat p atients are empowered to practise self-management in managing their T2DM.

Both major QTL and plastid‐based inheritance of intumescence in diverse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) RIL populations under different light conditions

AbstractIntumescence is a physiological disorder in tomato and other plant species that encompasses callus formation on leaves and stems. Next to a genetic predisposition, it has also been shown to be influenced by environmental factors like light spectrum. We grew tomato plants of four different recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations under high‐pressure sodium (HPS) and red/blue LED supplemental lighting in a greenhouse and determined the severity of intumescence on 4‐week‐old plants, in three subsequent replicates. The intumescence severity was scored on a scale from 0 to 3. The severity of intumescence was highly genotype dependent in three out of the four tested tomato populations, with the heritability ranging from 54% to 83%. In those three populations, two to eight QTL for intumescence were identified. One major effect quantitative trait locus (QTL) on the top of chromosome 1 was at a similar position in two genetically different RIL populations. The amount of genetic variation explained for these QTL ranged from 30% to 70% depending on the population. Next to chromosomal influences, we also identified differences in effects from maternal plastids on intumescence, by using reciprocal crosses. The cultivation of the tomato plants under HPS lamps or under red/blue LED supplemental lighting had no significant influence on intumescence score. All major QTLs appeared to be reproducible among the three replicates and among the two light conditions. Significant, though, low negative correlations were identified between the intumescence score and the area of leaves, chlorophyll content index, photosynthesis efficiency and fresh weight to dry weight ratio, which can reflect possible effects of the disorder on multiple aspects of plant performance.

Cortisol Level Related to Depression in Women with Endometriosis

Background: Several main symptoms of endometriosis can lead to physical and psychological stress and also hormonal disturbances as the result of prolonged stress. Cortisol was associated with the onset of depression. This study aimed to determine the relationship between cortisol levels and depression in women with endometriosis at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital (RSMH) Palembang.&#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at the Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility outpatient clinic and inpatient ward, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang, from January to November 2020. There were 74 samples of endometriosis patients who met the inclusion criteria. The blood cortisol level was examined using the ELISA method. The determination of depression level was performed by filling out the Beck Depression Inventory questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0.&#x0D; Results: Seventy-four samples met the inclusion criteria. As many as 44 patients (59.5%) without depression, 20 patients (27%) with mild depression, 8 patients (10.8%) with moderate depression, and only 2 patients (2.7%) with severe depression. There were no differences in age, marital status, parity, menstrual cycle, and duration of treatment between endometriosis patients with and without depression (p &gt; 0.05). There was a significant difference in cortisol levels between endometriosis patients with and without depression (p = 0.017). Endometriosis patients with cortisol levels ≤ 7.4 mg/dl were three times more at risk of depression than endometriosis patients with cortisol levels &gt; 7.4 mg/dl. In addition, there was a significant relationship between cortisol level and depression status (OR = 3.023 (95% CI 1.153–7.942; p = 0.041). This study also found a significantly low negative correlation between cortisol levels and BDI scores (r = -0.249; p = 0.032).&#x0D; Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between serum cortisol levels and depression in women with endometriosis. Endometriosis patients with depression had significantly lower cortisol levels than endometriosis patients without depression.

Role of Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D levels in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and correlation with total bile acid

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and Vitamin D and B12 levels. The study was a retrospective, cross-sectional, case–control study that evaluated 92 ICP cases and 102 pregnant women without any additional disease. ICP cases were grouped as mild and severe according to their total bile acid (TBA) levels, and their relationship with Vitamin D and B12 levels and perinatal outcomes was evaluated. Vitamin D and B12 levels of the ICP group were significantly lower than those of the control group. There was a moderate negative correlation between TBA and Vitamin D levels and a low negative correlation between TBA and Vitamin B12 levels. Adverse neonatal outcomes were significantly higher in the severe ICP group than in the mild ICP group. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? The pathophysiology of ICP, which can lead to adverse perinatal outcomes, is not yet fully understood, and there is no preventive treatment. What do the results of this study add? This study showed that Vitamins B12 and D levels were low in women with ICP and that TBA levels were negatively correlated with Vitamin D and B12 levels. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This study may guide future studies in terms of explaining the etiopathogenesis of ICP and developing treatment options.

Genetic analysis of retained placenta and its association with reproductive disorder, production, and fertility traits of Iranian Holstein dairy cows

To facilitate breeding for improved resistance to the reproductive disorder of retained placenta (RP), genetic parameters were estimated for RP and its genetic correlation with other reproductive disorders as well as with production and fertility traits of Iranian Holstein dairy cows. Data were 154,048 lactation records collected between 2011 and 2018 from 59,610 Holstein dairy cows in 9 Iranian herds. Other reproductive disorders included dystocia, stillbirth, and twinning. Fertility records were available for days from calving to first service (DFS), days open (DO), number of inseminations per conception (NIC), and success of first insemination (SFI). Genetic parameters for RP were estimated using univariate linear and logistic animal models with ASREML software. The univariate linear animal model was used to implement bivariate analysis to investigate potential genetic correlations of RP with other reproductive disorders and with production and fertility traits. Heritability estimates for RP were low from both linear (0.031) and logistic (0.092) animal models. Estimated genetic correlations with RP were −0.04 for twinning, 0.32 for stillbirth, and 0.34 for dystocia, which indicates that selection against RP could indirectly select against dystocia and stillbirth. Estimated genetic correlations between RP and production traits (milk, fat, and protein yields) at 100, 200, and 305 d in milk ranged from −0.12 to −0.29; the greatest correlation (−0.29) was for the first 100 d in milk. A moderate positive genetic correlation (0.25) was found for RP and DO, DFS, and NIC, whereas a low negative genetic correlation (−0.09) was found between RP and SFI. The pedigree-based genetic analysis of RP showed that this trait has a low heritability, is linked to other reproductive disorders, and generally has an unfavorable relationship with production and fertility traits. Selection against RP can reduce the incidence of reproductive disorders and improve fertility and production traits.

The Relationship Between the Nurses’ Psychological Resilience Levels and Their Life Balances

The puspose of the current study was to examine the relationship between the psychological resilience and life balance points among nurses. The study design was descriptive and cross-sectional, and conducted with 155 nurses. Data collection instrumetns included a Demographic Form, the Resilience Scale for Adults, and the Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory- Turkish Form. T-test, one-way ANOVA and correlation analysis were used to evaluate the data. The total mean score of the Resilience Scale for Adults of the nurses was determined as 124.30±19.61. Nurses' Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory sub-dimension mean scores were; General Health 32.83±6.73, Quality of Relationship 24.14±5.7, Positive Orientation 25.84±6.13, Depression 19.21±4.85, Spiritual Support 22.47±5.48, Friendship/Intimacy 18.85±3.97, Career/Occupation 15.84±3.94, and Sleep Difficulty 17.54±4.17. Negatively low level between the Resilience Scale for Adults and Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory Sleep Difficulty sub-dimension (r=-0.172, p=0.032); A low negative correlation was found between the Adult Resilience Scale, Structural Style sub-dimension and the Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory Quality of Relationships sub-dimension (r=-0.165, p=0.040). The Resilience Sacale for Adults, Family Cohesion sub-dimension and Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory Quality of Relationships (r= -0.182, p=0.024); a low negative correlation was found between the sub-dimensions of Positive Orientation (r=-0.170, p=0.035) and Friendship (r=-0.170, p=0.034). There was a low level of positive correlation between the Resilience Scale for Adults's, Self-Perception sub-dimension and the Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory Career/Occupation (r=0.239, p=0.003) and Sleep Difficulty (r=0.231, p=0.004) sub-dimensions. A low level of positive correlation was determined between the Social Resources sub-dimension of the Resilience Scale for Adults and the Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory Positive Orientation (r=0.161, p=0.046) sub-dimension. A low level of negative correlation was found between the Resilience Scale for Adults Scale, Social Resources sub-dimension and the Juhnke-Balkin Life Balance Inventory Sleep Difficulty (r=-0.212, p=0.008) sub-dimension. The psychological resilience levels of the nurses are above the average. Nurses' concepts of resilience and life balance may differ based on socio-economic based demographic characteristics such as age, marital status, and economic status.

An Alternative Class of Targets for microRNAs Containing CG Dinucleotide.

Simple SummaryMicroRNAs are ~23 nt, highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of target gene expression. Most of the microRNA-target prediction algorithms rely heavily on seed rules and evolutionary conservation. However, such strategies suffer from missing the non-canonical target sites. The aim of this study is to identify the general features of non-canonical targets and their interactions with microRNAs. We found that the bulge-targets were preferentially associated with the microRNAs containing CG dinucleotides in their seed region. This finding indicates that non-canonical targets could be rich due to high mutation frequency of CG within the target mRNAs. Multi-step validation, which included evolutionary, overexpression, correlation, and CLASH data analysis, supports the interactome between the microRNAs with CG dinucleotides in the seed region and their bugle targets. Thus, a major novelty of this work is the identification of a sequence motif, CG dinucleotides, in the seed region of microRNAs, is strongly correlated to bulge targeting patterns.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous ~23 nt RNAs which regulate message RNA (mRNA) targets mainly through perfect pairing with their seed region (positions 2–7). Several instances of UTR sequence with an additional nucleotide that might form a bulge within the pairing region, can also be recognized by miRNA as their target (bugle-target). But the prevalence of such imperfect base pairings in human and their roles in the evolution are incompletely understood. We found that human miRNAs with the CG dinucleotides (CG dimer) in their seed region have a significant low mutation rate than their putative binding sites in mRNA targets. Interspecific comparation shows that these miRNAs had very few conservative targets with the perfect seed-pairing, while potentially having a subclass of bulge-targets. Compared with the canonical target (perfect seed-pairing), these bulge-targets had a lower negative correlation with the miRNA expression, and either were down-regulated in the miRNA overexpression experiment or up-regulated in the miRNA knock-down experiment. Our results show that the bulge-targets are widespread in the miRNAs with CG dinucleotide within their seed regions, which could in part explain the rare conserved targets of these miRNAs based on seed rule. Incorporating these bulge-targets, together with conservation information, could more accurately predict the entire targets of these miRNAs.

StemSC: a cross-dataset human stemness index for single-cell samples

BackgroundStemness is defined as the potential of cells for self-renewal and differentiation. Many transcriptome-based methods for stemness evaluation have been proposed. However, all these methods showed low negative correlations with differentiation time and can’t leverage the existing experimentally validated stem cells to recognize the stem-like cells.MethodsHere, we constructed a stemness index for single-cell samples (StemSC) based on relative expression orderings (REO) of gene pairs. Firstly, we identified the stemness-related genes by selecting the genes significantly related to differentiation time. Then, we used 13 RNA-seq datasets from both the bulk and single-cell embryonic stem cell (ESC) samples to construct the reference REOs. Finally, the StemSC value of a given sample was calculated as the percentage of gene pairs with the same REOs as the ESC samples.ResultsWe validated the StemSC by its higher negative correlations with differentiation time in eight normal datasets and its higher positive correlations with tumor dedifferentiation in three colorectal cancer datasets and four glioma datasets. Besides, the robust of StemSC to batch effect enabled us to leverage the existing experimentally validated cancer stem cells to recognize the stem-like cells in other independent tumor datasets. And the recognized stem-like tumor cells had fewer interactions with anti-tumor immune cells. Further survival analysis showed the immunotherapy-treated patients with high stemness had worse survival than those with low stemness.ConclusionsStemSC is a better stemness index to calculate the stemness across datasets, which can help researchers explore the effect of stemness on other biological processes.

Dopamine depletion can be predicted by the aperiodic component of subthalamic local field potentials

Electrophysiological biomarkers reflecting the pathological activities in the basal ganglia are essential to gain an etiological understanding of Parkinson's disease (PD) and develop a method of diagnosing and treating the disease. Previous studies that explored electrophysiological biomarkers in PD have focused mainly on oscillatory or periodic activities such as beta and gamma oscillations. Emerging evidence has suggested that the nonoscillatory, aperiodic component reflects the firing rate and synaptic current changes corresponding to cognitive and pathological states. Nevertheless, it has never been thoroughly examined whether the aperiodic component can be used as a biomarker that reflects pathological activities in the basal ganglia in PD. In this study, we examined the parameters of the aperiodic component in hemiparkinsonian rats and tested its practicality as an electrophysiological biomarker of pathological activity. We found that a set of aperiodic parameters, aperiodic offset and exponent, were significantly decreased by the nigrostriatal lesion. To further prove the usefulness of the parameters as biomarkers, acute levodopa treatment reverted the aperiodic offset. We then compared the aperiodic parameters with a previously established periodic biomarker of PD, beta frequency oscillation. We found a significantly low negative correlation with beta power. We showed that the performance of the machine learning-based prediction of pathological activities in the basal ganglia can be improved by using both beta power and the aperiodic component, which showed a low correlation with each other. We suggest that the aperiodic component will provide a more sensitive measurement to early diagnosis PD and have the potential to use as the feedback parameter for the adaptive deep brain stimulation.

Association between Glycemic Control and Serum Lipid Profile in type 2 Diabetic Patients: Experience in a Medical College Hospital

Impaired lipid metabolism in diabetic patients can lead to cardiovascular complications. Poor glycaemic control is associated with a significant increase in the risk of both patient’s morbidity and mortality. An early intervention to regulate circulating lipids has been found to lower the risk of cardiovascular problems and death. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a reliable indicator of rising blood sugar levels. This hospital based observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barisal from October 2014 to March 2015 over a period of 6 month to determine the correlation of glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 110 type 2 diabe- tes mellitus(DM) patients of both sexes admitted to the Deapartment of Medicine of Sher-E- Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barisal, were recruited for this study. Following standard procedures and protocols, fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood sugar two hours after breakfast, Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting lipid profile were measured. The age of respondents ranged from 34 to 70 years with the mean age of 54.35}8.02 years. Among the patients male were 70 (63.6%) and female were 40 (36.4%). Mean age at diagnosis of DM and duration of DM was 47.07}6.03 years and 7.27}3.41 years, respectively. Mean body mass index (BMI), FBS and HbA1c were 25.02}5.22 kg/m2, 8.06}2.01 mmol/L and 8.34}1.9 % respectively. Significant positive correlation of HbA1c and FBS with BMI, total cholester- ol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL-C) and negative correlation with high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) was found. Significantly higher TC, TG and LDL-C and lower HDL-C were found in poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7) group than good glycemic control (HbA1c &lt; 7 ) group. The results of this study showed that , higher levels of glycemic parame- ters are significantly associated with dyslipidemia. These findings also indicate that HbA1c can be utilized for screening of high risk diabetic patients for early diagnosis of dyslipidemia and timely intervention with lipid lowering drugs. BSMMU J 2021; 14(4): 138-143