Lower Error Frequency Research Articles

Actionable artificial intelligence: Overcoming barriers to adoption of prediction tools

Clinical prediction models based on artificial intelligence algorithms can potentially improve patient care, reduce errors, and add value to the health care system. However, their adoption is hindered by legitimate economic, practical, professional, and intellectual concerns. This article explores these barriers and highlights well-studied instruments that can be used to overcome them. Adopting actionable predictive models will require the purposeful incorporation of patient, clinical, technical, and administrative perspectives. Model developers must articulate a priori clinical needs, ensure explainability and low error frequency and severity, and promote safety and fairness. Models themselves require ongoing validation and monitoring to address variations in health care settings and must comply with an evolving regulatory environment. Through these principles, surgeons and health care providers can leverage artificial intelligence to optimize patient care.

Computer Vision Technology for Fault Detection Systems Using Image Processing

In the period of Industries 4.0, cyber-physical systems (CPSs) were a major study area. Such systems frequently occur in manufacturing processes and people’s everyday lives, and they communicate intensely among physical elements and lead to inconsistency. Due to the magnitude and importance of the systems they support, the cyber quantum models must function effectively. In this paper, an image-processing-based anomalous mobility detecting approach is suggested that may be added to systems at any time. The expense of glitches, failures or destroyed products is decreased when anomalous activities are detected and unplanned scenarios are avoided. The presently offered techniques are not well suited to these operations, which necessitate information systems for issue treatment and classification at a degree of complexity that is distinct from technology. To overcome such challenges in industrial cyber-physical systems, the Image Processing aided Computer Vision Technology for Fault Detection System (IM-CVFD) is proposed in this research. The Uncertainty Management technique is introduced in addition to achieving optimum knowledge in terms of latency and effectiveness. A thorough simulation was performed in an appropriate processing facility. The study results suggest that the IM-CVFD has a high performance, low error frequency, low energy consumption, and low delay with a strategy that provides. In comparison to traditional approaches, the IM-CVFD produces a more efficient outcome.

Total synthesis of long DNA sequences: Synthesis of a contiguous 32-kb polyketide synthase gene cluster

To exploit the huge potential of whole-genome sequence information, the ability to efficiently synthesize long, accurate DNA sequences is becoming increasingly important. An approach proposed toward this end involves the synthesis of approximately 5-kb segments of DNA, followed by their assembly into longer sequences by conventional cloning methods [Smith, H. O., Hutchinson, C. A., III, Pfannkoch, C. & Venter, J. C. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 15440-15445]. The major current impediment to the success of this tactic is the difficulty of building the approximately 5-kb components accurately, efficiently, and rapidly from short synthetic oligonucleotide building blocks. We have developed and implemented a strategy for the high-throughput synthesis of long, accurate DNA sequences. Unpurified 40-base synthetic oligonucleotides are built into 500- to 800-bp "synthons" with low error frequency by automated PCR-based gene synthesis. By parallel processing, these synthons are efficiently joined into multisynthon approximately 5-kb segments by using only three endonucleases and "ligation by selection." These large segments can be subsequently assembled into very long sequences by conventional cloning. We validated the approach by building a synthetic 31,656-bp polyketide synthase gene cluster whose functionality was demonstrated by its ability to produce the megaenzyme and its polyketide product in Escherichia coli.

Variable telomeric repeat synthesis in Paramecium tetraurelia is consistent with misincorporation by telomerase

Telomeric DNA at the ends of chromosomes consist of short, tandem repeat sequences. The telomeres of Paramecium tetraurelia are made up of variable repeats, whereas Paramecium caudatum telomeric repeats are largely invariant. To investigate variable repeat synthesis in P. tetraurelia, mutated telomerase RNA genes were expressed in vivo. We demonstrate that the P. caudatum telomerase RNA can participate in telomere synthesis when expressed in the P. tetraurelia macronucleus, despite 24% primary sequence divergence of the RNAs between the two species. De novo telomeric repeats from transformants indicate that P. tetraurelia telomerase fidelity is dramatically affected by template substitutions and that misincorporation at a single templating position is likely to account for the majority of P. tetraurelia telomeric DNA variability. Furthermore, we show that fidelity is not solely a function of the RNA moiety, as the P. caudatum telomerase RNA does not impart high fidelity to the chimeric enzyme.

Helical scan tape recording with MLSE at 3600 bit/mm

A modified helical scan tape recorder was used for experimental digital recording. Demodulation was carried out using MLSE (maximum-likelihood sequence-estimation) with the Viterbi algorithm. Clock recovery is included in the estimation algorithm. A recording density of 3600 bit/mm was reached with low error frequency. The most important parameters were sampling frequency for the clock recovery and quantizing resolution for the decision process. Pulse interference width and path memory depth were investigated. >

Personality correlates of Benton's visual retention test

Bivariate correlations revealed that only L was highly significantly (negatively) correlated with the ability to retain and reproduce geometrical figures (Benton Visual Retention Test). Personality groups were generated using extreme cut-offs for E and N, as well as P and L. Extraverts produced similar error profiles to introverts. High trait N Ss tended to emit more errors of omission compared to low trait N persons, otherwise the performance profiles were not statistically different. Several E × N interactions emerged however, with stable introverts yielding significantly more correct reproductions and a lower error frequency than the other groups, with dysthymics (introverted neurotics) performing worst, the latter group further characterised by a greater number of perseveration and mislocation errors. High and low P-scoring Ss did not differ significantly in their ability to reproduce figures, with the exception of perseveration errors which were more common amongst P + Ss. L + individuals displayed inferior performance compared to L− Ss. An analysis of error categories revealed that L + emitted more distortion, left- and right-handed errors. There was no indication of any P × L interaction effect.

Fidelity of the eukaryotic codon-anticodon interaction: interference by aminoglycoside antibiotics.

A homologous in vitro method was developed from Tetrahymena for ribosomal A-site binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to poly(uridylic acid)-programmed ribosomes with very low error frequency. The reaction mixture pH was the crucial factor in the stable A-site association of aminoacyl-tRNA with high fidelity. At a pH greater than 7.1, endogenous activity translocated A-site-bound aminoacyl-tRNA to the P site. If translocation was allowed to occur, a near-cognate amino-acyl-tRNA, Leu-tRNA, could stably bind to the ribosome by translocation to the ribosomal P site. Near-cognate aminoacyl-tRNA did not stably bind to either site when translocation was blocked. Misreading antibiotics stimulated the stable association of near-cognate aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal A site, thereby increasing the error frequency by several orders of magnitude. Ribosome binding of total aminoacyl-tRNA near equilibrium was not inhibited by misreading antibiotics; however, initial rate kinetics of the binding reaction were dramatically altered such that a 6-fold rate increase was observed with paromomycin or hygromycin B. The rate increase was evident with both cognate and near-cognate aminoacyl-tRNAs. Several antibiotics were tested for misreading potency by the ribosome binding method. We found gentamicin G418 greater than paromomycin greater than neomycin greater than hygromycin B greater than streptomycin in the potentiation of misreading. Tetracycline group antibiotics effectively inhibited A-site aminoacyl-tRNA binding without promoting misreading.

Increased error frequency of DNA polymerases from senescent human fibroblasts

The error catastrophe theory of ageing predicts that the fidelity of DNA polymerase should be reduced in extracts from senescent cells. This prediction has been experimentally verified with MRC-5 human diploid fibroblasts. Using “cytoplasmic” DNA polymerase α the old/young ratio of error frequencies was 3.4 with the poly[d(A-T)]/dGTP/Mg 2+ system, 1.9 with poly[d(A-T)]/dGTP/Mn 2+ and 2.0 with poly[d(I-C)]/dTTP/Mg 2+. With DNA polymerase γ the old/young ratio was 3.8. The fidelity of DNA polymerase was examined at seven points during the life span of MRC-5 fibroblasts and the increase in error frequency with cell age was found to be statistically highly significant ( P < 0.001). By means of control experiments, artifactual explanations of the results can be eliminated. The close correlation between homologous and non-homologous DNA synthesis was demonstrated by following the time-course of the reaction, varying the enzyme concentration and by other means. The non-homologous dNMP incorporation was sensitive to DNase, but not RNase or protease treatment. No terminal transferase activity could be detected. The discrimination of the DNA polymerase from young and old extracts was constant over a wide range of homologous and non-homologous dNTP concentrations. Degradation of the products of the misincorporation assay to 3′-dNMPs revealed that a guanine-thymine base mispairing was the main method of non-homologous synthesis in young and old cells while degradation to 5′-dNMPs revealed that dGTP was not contaminated by other homologous dNTPs. By use of DNA polymerase with a lower error frequency than MRC-5 polymerase, the contamination of poly[d(A-T)] by cytosine could be ruled out. Mixing experiments could not detect a diffusible agent in young or old extracts which was capable of modifying the error frequency of a DNA polymerase from another extract. Since the DNA polymerase extract was not pure, an alternative explanation is possible for these results. Nevertheless, these control experiments do strongly suggest that the misincorporation assay measures the frequency of DNA polymerase-directed errors which are present as single base substitutions.