Low Overhead Cost Research Articles

Avenues To Reduce Carbon Emission In Cement Fabrication To Acquire Carbon Credit

The cement industry accounts for roughly 8% of global carbon dioxide emission, and for every tonne of cement procured, a ton of carbon dioxide is released into the air. Cement industry is the backbone of global infrastructure development with no sign of slowing down, as such, it provides the most promising testbed for a carbon credit market to start up. Carbon credit functions as a conversion of money as payment to offset carbon dioxide emission, and can be acquired by reducing carbon emission or its greenhouse equivalents. This carbon credit can then be sold on the carbon market which provides financial incentive for companies to reduce their carbon emission. Acquiring carbon credit can be a viable capital gain strategy in developing nations due to their relatively low labor and overhead costs. This study aims to provide avenues to reduce carbon dioxide emission in cement fabrication as a way to acquire carbon credit for capital gain purposes to developing nations worldwide. This study uses literature review with a descriptive qualitative methodology, with data from relevant books and journals of renowned and reputable publishers online as validity. This study identified three promising avenues to reduce carbon dioxide emission in cement fabrication: alternative cement aggregate material fly ash and bottom ash, carbon capture and storage technology, and alternative fuel in cement fabrication. Three avenues provide pathways for players in the cement industry to adopt according to their capabilities in order to effectively reduce their carbon dioxide emission for acquiring carbon credit.

Viewing tailored nudges is correlated with improved mastery‐based assessment scores

AbstractMastery‐based assignments typically provide students with multiple opportunities to improve their performance, but getting students to take advantage of these opportunities is difficult. We report on the implementation of a two‐part series of nudges designed to improve students' engagement with and performance on mastery‐based assignments in high‐enrollment, introductory undergraduate courses. Students received one or two email‐based nudges for each assignment, providing both decision information and decision assistance. Delivered via email by a digital coaching system that provides tailored support to students, we evaluated the effectiveness of viewing versus not viewing these personalized nudges across introductory courses in mathematics, computer science and engineering over five terms at our large, research‐intensive university. We used multilevel modelling with a sample of 30,693 assignment scores nested within 79 assignments and 5349 undergraduate students to explore the relationship between students' viewing the nudges and their scores while controlling for performance in other courses and students' baseline proclivities to read email from the coaching system. We find that viewing versus not viewing nudges is significantly related to improved outcomes. Viewing the first of the two‐part nudge series is associated with a 3% increase in scores on average. Importantly, we found a significant interaction with prior academic performance such that students with the lowest average academic performance across all courses are predicted to benefit the most—up to 9%—from nudging. Positive impacts are observed in most courses where nudges were implemented and are found to be most impactful for later versus earlier assignments within a term. We discuss the implications of these results for supporting students' decision‐making within mastery‐based assignment schemes and suggest future research for tailored nudges to support student success. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Nudges are known to be broadly effective, but heterogeneity is observed especially in education where the research base is relatively limited. Mastery‐based grading is an alternative approach to grading that, among other features, emphasizes learning through an explicit feedback cycle of struggle and revision without penalty. What this paper adds This study assesses the effectiveness of personalized nudges in the context of mastery‐based grading in undergraduate STEM courses. We examined the efficacy of viewing versus not viewing nudges in the real learning settings of three STEM courses enrolling more than 5000 students. We found the nudges to be effective overall, correlated with improvements of approximately 3% in students' assignment scores and most impactful for students with the lowest average academic performance. Implications for practice and/or policy Nudging by email or text message has a low overhead cost and yet may provide materially significant gains in students' assessment scores. Nudges can be effectively targeted to specific subsets of students and tailored based on students' prior and concurrent learning analytics data.

Key problems of the foreign medicines contract production organization in developing countries

Contract manufacturing is gaining momentum in the pharmaceutical industry. Many pharmaceutical companies that do not have enough time and financial resources to build a fullfledged drug development chain transfer some or all phases of development and production to outsourcing. Today, many even large pharmaceutical companies transfer production to developing countries on a contract basis in order to reduce costs. However, despite a number of advantages of outsourcing, it is worth considering the rather significant barriers to the organization of contract manufacturing of medicines in developing countries. The article discusses the main difficulties in organizing contract manufacturing, primarily on examples from other science-intensive and capital-intensive industries. The study shows the similarity of the difficulties that arise when transferring this practice to the pharmaceutical industry. It is also emphasized that in the world of pharmaceuticals there is a growing trend towards the use of generic drugs. One of the undeniable advantages of their production is their economic availability compared to the originals, however, it imposes increased requirements on the contract manufacturer due to the importance of not deviating too far from the original recipe. The research revealed that countries such as China, India and Japan occupy significant shares of the pharmaceutical contract manufacturing market, including generics - primarily due to various combinations of low labor costs, capital and overhead costs (compared to the United States and Europe), tax incentives and, as a result, underestimated production costs. This circumstance is extremely important for the current situation in the pharmaceutical industry in Russia, which must simultaneously make up for the dropped import volumes of finished drugs, and at the same time speed up the stalled import substitution of a number of the most critical products. As a result and purpose of the study, it is possible to identify the identified barriers to speeding up the organization of pharmaceutical contract manufacturing of drugs necessary for the domestic market, to take them into account in the process of developing appropriate government measures.

Deep sea benthic microbial fuel cell split-release landers

The study introduces the benthic microbial fuel cell lander (BMFC Lander)-an newly constructed modification to an untethered instrumented seafloor platform or “ocean lander” for probing deep-sea energy potential at depths exceeding 1000 meters below the sea surface over long timescales (two to five months). The BMFC Lander’s design includes a detachable anode that permits the re-use of its electrical and anode components in subsequent deployments. Six BMFC Landers successfully deployed in the Southern California bight that hosted a variety of water depth and temperature conditions for testing BMFC performance, demonstrating their reliability as platforms for deployment, energy generation and recovery. Four Lander’s BMFC payloads generated a combined total energy density of approximately 30Whrsm−2 from the seafloor. Organic feedstock (chitin) shortened the time to discharge potential and enhanced power production for two BMFCs in deep-sea sediments despite increased depths and lower temperatures. The BMFC Landers, with a low-cost overhead, are adaptable to support a variety of low-power sensors for tracking water parameters.

INTELLIGENT RADIO INTERFACE WITH THE SUPPORT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

The peculiarities of the implementation of the 6G intelligent radio interface infrastructure, which will use an individual configuration for each individual subscriber application and flexible services with lower overhead costs, have been studied. A personalized infrastructure consisting of an AI-enabled intelligent physical layer, an intelligent MAC controller, and an intelligent protocol is considered, followed by a potentially novel AI-based end-to-end (E2E) device. The intelligent controller is investigated, in particular the intelligent functions at the MAC level, which may become key components of the intelligent controller in the future. The joint optimization of these components, which will provide better system performance, is considered. It was determined that instead of using a complex mathematical method of optimization, it is possible to use machine learning, which has less complexity and can adapt to network conditions. A 6G radio interface design based on a combination of model-driven and data-driven artificial intelligence is investigated and is expected to provide customized radio interface optimization from pre-configuration to self-learning. The specifics of configuring the network scheme and transmission parameters at the level of subscriber equipment and services using a personalized radio interface to maximize the individual user experience without compromising the throughput of the system as a whole are determined. Artificial intelligence is considered, which will be a built-in function of the radio interface that creates an intelligent physical layer and is responsible for MAC access control, network management optimization (such as load balancing and power saving), replacing some non-linear or non-convex algorithms in receiver modules or compensation of shortcomings in non-linear models. Built-in intelligence has been studied, which will make the 6G physical layer more advanced and efficient, facilitate the optimization of structural elements of the physical layer and procedural design, including the possible change of the receiver architecture, will help implement new detection and positioning capabilities, which, in turn, will significantly affect the design of radio interface components. The requirements for the 6G network are defined, which provide for the creation of a single network with scanning and communication functions, which must be integrated into a single structure at the stage of radio interface design. The specifics of carefully designing a communication and scanning network that will offer full scanning capabilities and more fully meet all key performance indicators in the communications industry are explored.

UNDERSTANDING THE DOMAIN OF CULTURALLY-INFLUENCED COUNTERPRODUCTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOURS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE

This study aimed to ascertain how cultural factors influence counterproductive organizational behavior and how they affect organizational performance. Todays businesses are plagued by so many CWBs that it is challenging to maintain low overhead costs and maximum output. It has progressed to a point where it poses a persistent threat and threatens the foundations of numerous modern businesses worldwide. Businesses lose money each year due to employees actions that are detrimental to the companys goals. According to the hypotheses, the studys goal was to assess how gender discrimination, workplace bullying, and work-life imbalance affect the performance of employees in the Nigerian banking industry. The study utilized both descriptive and causal comparison techniques. Hence, Taro Yamanes formula produced a sample of 266 from a total population of 798 for the entire examination. However, of the 266 people who received the structured questionnaire, only 264 responded. Multiple regression testing was used to evaluate the hypotheses, and with a significance threshold of 0.05, the Cronbach alpha method produced an instrument reliability value of 0.821. According to the analysis, significant correlations were discovered between workplace bullying, work-life imbalance, gender discrimination, and organizational performance. It was also discovered that bullying is widespread because it is ingrained in the organizations culture. The study, therefore, recommends that managers prioritize putting various work-life balance incentives into place to improve employee performance. Managers are advised to make it a top priority to guarantee that all workers, regardless of gender, receive equal pay, opportunities for advancement, and other professional opportunities. Additionally, businesses should implement anti-bullying policies and counseling programs; bullied victims should be given therapy to help them recover from their ordeal, and management should prevent such occurrences. KEYWORDS: Gender discrimination, workplace bullying, work-life imbalance, organizational performance.

Constraining Continuous Topology Optimizations to Discrete Solutions for Photonic Applications.

Photonic topology optimization is a technique used to find the permittivity distribution of a device that optimizes an electromagnetic figure-of-merit. Two common versions are used: continuous density-based optimizations that optimize a gray scale permittivity defined over a grid, and discrete level-set optimizations that optimize the shape of the material boundary of a device. In this work we present a method for constraining a continuous optimization such that it is guaranteed to converge to a discrete solution. This is done by inserting a constrained suboptimization with low computational overhead cost at each iteration of an overall gradient-based optimization. The technique adds only one hyperparameter with straightforward behavior to control the aggressiveness of binarization. Computational examples are provided to analyze the hyperparameter behavior, show this technique can be used in conjunction with projection filters, show the benefits of using this technique to provide a nearly discrete starting point for subsequent level-set optimization, and show that an additional hyperparameter can be introduced to control the overall material/void fraction. This method excels for problems where the electromagnetic figure-of-merit is majorly affected by the binarization requirement and situations where identifying suitable hyperparameter values becomes challenging with existing methods.

High-Performance and Low-Cost Overhead Projector Sheet-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Cholesteric Liquid Crystal, Electroluminescence, and Portable Electronic Devices

High-Performance and Low-Cost Overhead Projector Sheet-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Cholesteric Liquid Crystal, Electroluminescence, and Portable Electronic Devices

Forwarding and caching in video streaming over ICSDN: A clean-slate publish-subscribe approach

Nowadays, Internet usage has become prevalent, primarily because of high-quality heterogeneous multimedia content expectations from the subscriber (consumer), which puts tremendous pressure on the publisher (producer) in the networks. Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a future internet architecture that optimizes data resources through content-based forwarding and caching, making it well-suited for multimedia content and video streaming (VS) scenarios. However, real-time data delivery is challenging in the current ICN-based publish–subscribe (pub-sub) mechanism, which pushes the existing pub-sub studies to prioritize more on the forwarding information base (FIB) rather than the pending interest table (PIT). This leads to issues such as inefficient caching and forwarding mechanisms, high overhead, and communication costs. To address these challenges, in this paper, we present a novel forwarding and caching solution named VS-ICSDN, integrating the combined principles of ICN-based pub-sub scheme and software-defined networking (SDN) in order to utilize the network resources more efficiently. We design a clean-slate caching strategy and name-based forwarding method to support both on-path and off-path caching on ICN nodes to coordinate flow entries among the SDN controller and clean-slate ICN nodes to maximize PIT utilization. In addition, the framework allows the content to be stored and searched in chunks with a single request to access the desired content, reducing the communication overhead and significantly improving overall performance. A simulation-based testbed and experimental result analysis validate our proposed work’s effectiveness in ensuring efficient network resource usage with low communication overhead and computational cost compared to other baseline methods.

The Experiential Marketing, Experience Engagement, Reference Group, and Customer Satisfaction Toward Purchase Intention of Virtual Hotel Operators (VHO): Indonesian Context

Budget traveling has developed to become a potential niche market in the hospitality industry as an increasing number of backpackers and domestic tourists with limited disposable income. This niche market has grown to become a multi-billion dollar market globally as its ability to develop the economy through more job opportunity, enforce small accommodation service with low overhead-cost and shift local product increase of destination country such as Virtual Hotel Operators (VHO). This business model provides rented accommodation in which services are accessible on the official website and mobile application. As a marketplace, it enables guest and hotel operators to meet, deal, and finalize accommodation booking transactions online. This study analyzes the influence of experiential marketing, experience engagement, reference group and customer satisfaction on repurchase intention of VHO consumers. The result shows a positive relationship between experiential marketing, experience engagement, VHO consumer reference groups, customer satisfaction, and purchase intention. These results support previous research investigating a so-called "experience profile," which consumer summarize and evaluate memory experiences by combining their sequential experiences received by their senses which provided by company’s experiential marketing channels.

An Optimization on the Neuronal Networks Based on the ADEX Biological Model in Terms of LUT-State Behaviors: Digital Design and Realization on FPGA Platforms.

Simple SummaryThe brain is an incredibly complex system possessing outstanding abilities to perform difficult tasks through a vast number of densely interconnected neurons. Aimed at discovering the underlying mechanisms of the brain, a number of spiking neural networks have been proposed to mimic biological neural dynamics. Subsequently, to perceive how the neural networks in the brain work, simulation and hardware realization of large-scale systems, similar to the brain, is an essential requirement. Behavior of a single neuron can be described by the mathematical equations in different levels of computing and biological accuracy. In this approach, a new modified ADEX model is presented based on sampling frequency by the nonlinear functions of the original model. This new model is capable for reproducing all aspects of the original model in low-error and high-degree of similarity conditions. Finally, the proposed model can be implemented on digital hardware platforms to have a real digital system. Digital results show the increase in system speed (frequency) and overall saving in hardware resources (compared by the original model and other similar works). This low-cost digital hardware is applied in large-scale neuronal networks.Design and implementation of biological neural networks is a vital research field in the neuromorphic engineering. This paper presents LUT-based modeling of the Adaptive Exponential integrate-and-fire (ADEX) model using Nyquist frequency method. In this approach, a continuous term is converted to a discrete term by sampling factor. This new modeling is called N-LUT-ADEX (Nyquist-Look Up Table-ADEX) and is based on accurate sampling of the original ADEX model. Since in this modeling, the high-accuracy matching is achieved, it can exactly reproduce the spiking patterns, which have the same behaviors of the original neuron model. To confirm the N-LUT-ADEX neuron, the proposed model is realized on Virtex-II Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board for validating the final hardware. Hardware implementation results show the high degree of similarity between the proposed and original models. Furthermore, low-cost and high-speed attributes of our proposed neuron model will be validated. Indeed, the proposed model is capable of reproducing the spiking patterns in terms of low overhead costs and higher frequencies in comparison with the original one. The properties of the proposed model cause can make it a suitable choice for neuromorphic network implementations with reduced-cost attributes.

SIRDAM4.0: A Support Infrastructure for Reliable Data Acquisition and Management in Industry 4.0

The main claim of the Industry 4.0 manifesto (I4.0) is the promise of a significant transformation of production and delivery processes due to the digitization of manufacturing. A mandatory requirement of the I4.0 transition is the pervasive adoption of Information Technologies (IT), such as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Cyber-physical Systems (CPS), and Big Data, starting with business management departments down to production sites. Despite IT has reached a consistent maturity level, its integration with Operation Technology (OT) is still a mostly unresolved challenge. In this article, we propose the design of a platform that supports reliable data gathering and sharing among OT and IT layers of an industrial manufacturing company, while also putting the basis for straightforward integration of business stakeholders in the data sharing loop. By leveraging widely used open-source tools, we implemented a software prototype of the platform that Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) can use to face the IT/OT convergence challenge in an affordable way. Results collected from an extensive assessment in real manufacturing settings show that the proposed solution allows meeting both functional and non-functional requirements of a typical data gathering/sharing process in a near-real-time scenario, by granting reliability with very low overhead cost.

Accuracy-Configurable 2-D Gaussian Filter Architecture for Energy-Efficient Image Processing

Most compute-intensive applications demand approaches to optimize energy efficiency in CMOS design. Configurable architectures and approximate computing are alternatives to meet the quality and energy requirements in multimedia processing during the runtime. This work proposes a 2D Gaussian filter design to provide multiple quality-power-performance points of operation. The main goal is to design an accuracy-configurable 2D Gaussian filter accelerator at the runtime with a low overhead cost when a new configuration is dynamically selected. The power consumption results show reductions ranging from 9.87% to 58.96%, with an up to 14.8% increase in the hardware area.

The economics of moonshots: Value in rare disease drug development.

The economics of moonshots: Value in rare disease drug development.

Complementary set encryption for privacy-preserving data consolidation

Privacy-preserving data consolidation is one of the prominent research topics in the big data era, mostly because of the need of consolidating data from various database communities, which are highly sensitive or competitive in nature. This leads to a new emerging problem namely how to accomplish data consolidation among different organization data sets or databases appropriately without revealing any competitive or sensitive information to non-owners. To address this issue, we first introduce a new encryption notion called “complementary set encryption” (CSE) to apply to privacy-preserving data consolidation. In this notion, to provide privacy protection, the data in one database will be encrypted under a set W prior to being sent to the other database, and a decryption key will be generated with another set Q. The data will be decrypted and consolidated into the other database, if and only if both sets W and Q are complementary. Here, the “complementary” means that the intersection of set W and set Q is empty and meanwhile the union of both is to be completed into a universal set exactly. We then describe two constructions of CSE under the public-key setting. Our first construction is designed under a weaker security notion – “payload hiding”, which only preserves the data privacy but achieves a higher performance. The second construction is a stronger security notion, which we refer to as an “attribute hiding”, which preserves both the privacy of the data and its associated set W. Finally, we provide a formal analysis to prove the security of our two constructions, followed by a theoretical performance comparison and an experimental evaluation. In particular, the first construction is of an independent interest in the context of cryptography since it was able to stand out for its efficiency as a predicate encryption scheme in the sense that it features both low communication overhead and computational costs simultaneously, and only requires a private key size of O(1), a ciphertext size of O(1), and only O(1) pairing computations.

Realizing Robust, Lightweight Strong PUFs for Securing Smart Grids

Improving the reliability of energy distribution systems is a major concern to multiple parties as they are not only critical infrastructure themselves, but also affect other connected infrastructure. Smart Grids have been proposed to leverage the advantages of Internet of Things (IoT) to allow smarter management and faster recovery of energy distribution systems against disruptions. However, Smart Grid applications require a reliable, lightweight and fast authentication system to realize their potential in a secure manner. In this work, we propose a Strong PUF (physically unclonable function) system that can meet the stringent resource and performance constraints imposed by a Smart Grid operational environment. Our results indicate that the proposed mechanism produces a Strong PUF with close to ideal normalized uniqueness of 50 &#x0025; and an accuracy of 50 &#x0025; to modeling attacks using the best known machine learning algorithms. Additionally, our scheme has a low hardware overhead cost of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$750~ \mu m^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in 45 nm technology and a sub-1 ms key generation time, ensuring the entire system is fast and lightweight.

THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF SMALL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN FORMING THE COUNTRY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

The purpose of the article is to study the activities of small businesses as the main driver of economic development and on this basis to determine their role and importance in the development of the economy. The terminological essence and content of the concept of “entrepreneurship” and its change and streamlining in the development of economic theory, as well as the definition of the concept “small business” are considered. It is established that in world practice there are different approaches to the classification of entrepreneurship and criteria for classifying it as small. The most used criteria are the number of small business staff (average number of permanent and part-time employees); the amount of authorized capital; financial performance of a small enterprise (net profit, total income, asset turnover); type of enterprise activity. The advantages of small business are identified, which include the ability to change and adapt quickly, mobility and the ability to combine efforts, innovation potential, proximity to the customer, low overhead costs, the use of narrow niches. Based on the study, the main goals and objectives of small business are systematized, as well as the importance of the activities of these entities in the social, economic, and environmental spheres. It is established that the prospects for the development of small business depend on the factors of the external micro and macro environment that affect entrepreneurs in a certain period and the article is based on obstacles, according to the author. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that small business is the driving force of a market economy and is designed to solve problems such as identifying factors of innovative growth of large, small and medium enterprises, and determine the strength of each factor; to determine the factors influencing the improvement of the level and quality of life of the population and to characterize the possibilities of expanding the middle social stratum, as well as to form the priority directions of innovative development of small business. Key words: small business, business, public administration, economy, management.

A Multifactor Multilevel and Interaction Based (M2I) Authentication Framework for Internet of Things (IoT) Applications

Existing authentication solutions proposed for Internet of Things (IoT) provide a single Level of Assurance (LoA) regardless of the sensitivity levels of the resources or interactions between IoT devices being protected. For effective (with adequate level of protection) and efficient (with as low overhead costs as possible) protections, it may be desirable to tailor the protection level in response to the sensitivity level of the resources, as a stronger protection level typically imposes a higher level of overhead costs. In this paper, we investigate how to facilitate multi-LoA authentication for IoT by proposing a multi-factor multi-level and interaction based (M2I) authentication framework. The framework implements LoA linked and interaction based authentication. Two interaction modes, P2P (Peer-to-Peer) and O2M (One-to-Many), are investigated via the design of two corresponding protocols. Evaluation results show that adopting the O2M interaction mode in authentication in the related use-case scenarios can cut communication cost significantly; compared with that of the Kerberos protocol, the O2M protocol reduces the communication cost by 42&#x0025;&#x007E;45&#x0025;. The protocols are also more efficient. The P2P and O2M protocol, respectively, reduce the computational cost by 70&#x0025;&#x007E;72&#x0025; and 81&#x0025;&#x007E;82&#x0025;, in comparison with that of Kerberos. The evaluation results also show that the two-factor authentication option costs twice as much as that of the one-factor option.

LC-TSL: A low-cost triple-node-upset self-recovery latch design based on heterogeneous elements for 22 nm CMOS

With the continuous scaling of CMOS feature sizes, single event triple-node-upset (TNU) induced by charge sharing has become a serious reliability issue. This paper presents a low-cost triple-node-upset self-recovery latch (LC-TSL) which is composed of N-elements, P-elements and C-elements. The LC-TSL utilizes a two-dimensional feedback array composed of four rows and four columns to achieve triple-node-upset recovery. It utilizes high-speed transmission path to achieve high performance and clock-gating to reduce power consumption. The extensive simulation results show that the LC-TSL achieves high speed, low power consumption and 100% TNU recovery. Compared with the average of previous eight hardened latches, the LC-TSL reduces the delay by 78.59% and reduces the power-delay-product by 79.69%, while only increases 15.15% area overhead and 15.38% power consumption overhead. Compared with TNU self-recoverable latches, the LC-TSL is the best in terms of area, delay, and PDP. The LC-TSL achieves TNU-recovery ability and low cost overhead, and it is insensitive to voltage and temperature variations.

Cardiac surgery simulation: a low-cost feasible option in an Australasian setting.

Simulation training is a useful adjunct to surgical training and education (SET) in Cardiothoracic Surgery yet training opportunities outside the Royal Australasian College of Surgery or industry-sponsored workshops are rare due to high cost and limited training faculty, time, assessment tools or structured curricula. We describe our experience in establishing a low-cost cardiac simulation programme. We created low-cost models using hospital facilities, hardware stores, abattoirs and donations from industry. Three workshops were conducted on coronary anastomoses, aortic and mitral valve replacement. Whole porcine hearts were sourced from local farms. Industry donations of obsolete stock were used for suture and valve material-stations constructed using ironing-board, 2-L buckets and kebab-skewers. Suture ring holders were fashioned from recycled cardboard or donated. All participants were asked to complete pre and post simulation self-assessment forms. Across three workshops, 45 participants (57.8% female) with a median age 27 (interquartile range 24-31) attended. Training level consisted of nurses (8, 17.8%), medical students (17, 37.8%), residents/house officers (6, 13.3%) and registrars (14, 31.1%). There were improvements in knowledge of anatomy (mean difference 18%; 95% confidence interval 12%-24%), imaging (16%; 10%-22%) and procedural components (34%; 28%-42%); and practical ability to describe steps (30%; 24%-38%), partially (32%; 26%-38%) or fully complete (32%; 28%-38%) the procedure. Simulation-based training in cardiac surgery is feasible in a hospital setting with low overhead costs. It can benefit participants at all training levels and has the potential to be implemented in training hospitals as an adjunct to the SET programme.