Correction to: Ludek, Broz: Evil Spirits and Rocket Debris: In Search of Lost Souls in Siberia

This paper takes the novel " Land of Lost Souls " by Malaysian writer Li Zishu as the research object, and combines Michel Foucault's disciplinary power theory with feminist perspectives to analyze the dual oppression of women by patriarchy and social ethics and their resistance mechanisms. Through close reading of the text and critical discourse analysis, the study reveals how explicit violence and implicit discipline in the novel conspire to act on women's bodies and identities, especially focusing on the dual marginalization of gender and disability faced by characters such as the blind girl Yinxia in the family, workplace and public sphere. The paper further explores the hidden resistance of women through deviant practices such as silence, illness, and madness, and its potential subversive significance to the power structure. This study provides an interdisciplinary analytical path for the study of Malaysian Chinese literature, and reveals the dynamics of oppression and resistance at the intersection of gender and ability from the perspective of the global South, which is enlightening for understanding the operation of structural power and the construction of subjectivity of marginalized groups.

The church is the Body of Christ that carries out God’s vision and mission in the world to bring many lost souls. Often the church is confused when it has to determine its attitude towards people who sin. One extreme attitude is to just let someone fall into sin because they are afraid of offending that person. Another extreme attitude is to hate sin so much that they also hate the person who does it. Discipline in the church is a major oversight in some churches today. The church also often misunderstands the meaning of church discipline and misimplements it to the congregation. The church misunderstands that church discipline is a form of punishment given not as a warning or reprimand to regret mistakes and return to the right path. From the title of this article, the author describes the results of the discussion using the Qualitative method through a literature research study sourced from scientific papers in the form of journals and related articles that produce several discussions including: the definition and purpose of church discipline, forms of church discipline, challenges in implementing church discipline, and the last is how church discipline can build a spiritually and socially healthy congregation community. The discussion of this article is described by the author to the readers so that they can increase their insight and even teach and encourage the church to always be firm in disciplining congregations who commit sins based on the truth of God’s word.

The Republic of Korea is an example of a high-tech and economically developed country. While the rapid modernisation and development do not stop, the Land of the morning calm manages to save its distinctive cultural characteristics and at the same time to keep them alive in the fast-paced life of the Korean society. The contemporary situation in South Korea creates new conditions and trends, in which the Korean traditional culture, in particular, the shamanism is shaped in use on the needs of the Korean people. The elaboration of the cyberspace in Korea and the heavy use of the Internet from the Koreans requires by mudang to start looking for new spaces for practising this old system of beliefs. Consequently, this helps for the emergence of a new type of shamanism, which is called cybershamanism. Библиография: Боеклиева 2015: Боеклиева, М., Шаманизмът като неизменна част от живота на съвременното корейско общество (Трансформациите и отраженията му в най-ново време), Магистърска теза, Софийски университет „Св. Климент Охридски“ Airo 2018: Airo, A. and W. J. Costello, ‘Virtual Shamanism and the Sacred-Cyber-Space’, Revista Santuarios, Cultura, Arte, Romarias, Peregrinacoes, Paisagens e Pessoas, pp. 1-8. Baudrillard 1983: Baudrillard, J., ‘The Ecstasy of Communication’, in Hal Foster, (ed.), The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture, Port Townsend: Bay Press, 1983. Hojsgaard 2005: Hojsgaard, M. and M. Warburg, Cyberspace and Religion, London: Routledge. Hoppal 1996: Hoppal, M., ‘Shamanism in a Postmodern Age’, Folklore, Electronic Journal of Folklore, Vol. 2, www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol2/hoppal.htm (accessed 20 December 2018). Jacobs 2007: Jacobs, St., ‘Virtually Sacred: The Performance of Asynchronous Cyber-Rituals in Online Space’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Vol. 12, pp. 1103-1121. Kendall 2009: Kendall, L., Shamans, Nostalgias and the IMF. South Korean Popular Religion in Motion, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 2009. Kim 2003: Kim, Ch. H., Korean Shamanism: The Cultural Paradox (Vitality of Indigenous Religious Series), Aldershot, Hampshire, UK: Ashgate Pub Ltd, Kim 2012: Kim, D. K., Looping Effects between Images and Realities: Understanding the Plurality of Korean Shamanism, Vancouver: The University of British Columbia. Kim 2005: Kim, S. N., ‘Korean Shamanistic Practice in Cyber Culture’, Inter-Religio, Vol. 46, Final Issue, pp. 3-20. Phillips 2014: Phillips, J., Retrieving the Lost Souls of Modernity: A Study of Neo-Shamanic Practice, Whitman College. Rheingold 1991: Rheingold, H., Virtual Reality, New York: A Touchstone Book. Sarfati 2013: Sarfati, L., ‘New Technologies in Korean Shamanism: Cultural Innovation and Reservation of Tradition’, Performance Studies in Motion, pp. 233-245. Schlottmann 2013: Schlottmann, D.,‘Cyber Shamanism in South Korea’, 사이버사회문화 (Journal of Cyber Society & Culture), Vol.4, No.2, pp. 29-62. Wertheim 2000: Wertheim, M., The Pearly Gates of Cyberspace: A History of Space from Dante to the Internet, New York. W. W. Norton & Company.

Abstract Among the increasing numbers of Polish female doc makers winning awards at international festivals since the 2010s, Hanna Polak stands out as a successful director whose progress has been both circuitous and exceptional. This essay tracks how Polak became a documentarian during the years she spent in post-Soviet Moscow, making films that initially served and then eclipsed her charity work for homeless children in the capital and squatters forced to work and live on the city's svalka, the largest garbage dump in Europe. Focusing on the two films that garnered Polak an international reputation—the documentary short Children from the Leningrad Station (2004) and the full-length Something Better to Come (2014)—I compare how the subjects in these films determine the footage she accrues; the plots that she shapes; her shot choices and use of monologues and voice-overs; and the directorial modalities that she embraces in relation to her protagonists and their very different contexts.

Risky Futures: Climate, Geopolitics and Local Realities in the Uncertain Circumpolar North Olga Ulturgasheva and Barbara Bodenhorn, eds. (London: Berghahn Books, 2023). 234 pp., ISBN 978-1-80073-593-4. Evil Spirits and Rocket Debris: In Search of Lost Souls in Siberia Ludek Broz (New York: Berghahn Books, 2024), 240 pp., ISBN: 978-1-80539-260-6.

This research study delves into the often-ignored anguish stemming from internal trauma as depicted in Nadifa Mohamed’s novel, The Orchard of Lost Souls, particularly among Somali diasporic individuals. Through a thorough critical examination of the text, the research highlights the intricate relationships between trauma, identity, and a sense of belonging within the Somali diaspora. By analysing how internal trauma influences the lives of Mohamed’s characters, this work aims to illuminate the frequently marginalized experiences of Somali migrants and the remarkable resilience they exhibit in the face of adversity. The concept of “Beyond the Scar” encourages a deeper exploration that goes beyond surface-level interpretations of trauma, advocating for a more nuanced understanding of its complexities and consequences. This perspective underscores the importance of investigating the foundational elements that contribute to the experience of trauma, rather than simply recognizing its outward manifestations. The phrase “Unspoken Pain” emphasizes the often-ignored suffering linked to internal trauma, drawing attention to the silent battles that individuals face, which may not be readily articulated or acknowledged. Furthermore, the term “Internal Trauma and the Somali Diasporic Experience” situates this research within the specific literary context of Nadifa Mohamed’s work while also addressing the broader narrative of the Somali diaspora. This framework allows for a comprehensive understanding of the emotional and psychological challenges faced by Somali migrants, thereby enriching the discourse surrounding their experiences. By focusing on these hidden dimensions of suffering, the research aims to foster a more profound comprehension of the emotional terrain shaped by internal trauma within this community. This research study delves into the often-ignored anguish stemming from internal trauma as depicted in Nadifa Mohamed’s novel, The Orchard of Lost Souls, particularly among Somali diasporic individuals. Through a thorough critical examination of the text, the research highlights the intricate relationships between trauma, identity, and a sense of belonging within the Somali diaspora. By analysing how internal trauma influences the lives of Mohamed’s characters, this work aims to illuminate the frequently marginalized experiences of Somali migrants and the remarkable resilience they exhibit in the face of adversity. The concept of “Beyond the Scar” encourages a deeper exploration that goes beyond surface-level interpretations of trauma, advocating for a more nuanced understanding of its complexities and consequences. This perspective underscores the importance of investigating the foundational elements that contribute to the experience of trauma, rather than simply recognizing its outward manifestations. The phrase “Unspoken Pain” emphasizes the often-ignored suffering linked to internal trauma, drawing attention to the silent battles that individuals face, which may not be readily articulated or acknowledged. Furthermore, the term “Internal Trauma and the Somali Diasporic Experience” situates this research within the specific literary context of Nadifa Mohamed’s work while also addressing the broader narrative of the Somali diaspora. This framework allows for a comprehensive understanding of the emotional and psychological challenges faced by Somali migrants, thereby enriching the discourse surrounding their experiences. By focusing on these hidden dimensions of suffering, the research aims to foster a more profound comprehension of the emotional terrain shaped by internal trauma within this community.

ABSTRACT The Marvel TV series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., which is set in a fictional American intelligence agency, reproduces contemporary media, academic, and governmental discourse surrounding violent radicalization and its causes. Furthermore, it replicates a number of stereotypes that are specific to women who participate in terrorism, portraying them as victims and/or as the types of clichéd figures that Sjoberg and Gentry have named ‘mothers’, ‘monsters’, and ‘whores’. This article illustrates these points mainly through a comparison of the narratives of two characters with similar backgrounds, one female, Daisy Johnson, and one male, Grant Ward, who each become involved with a series of violent groups. While Ward’s trajectory is one of gradually gaining power, Daisy remains framed as both a follower and a victim. Although the series does make some gestures towards undermining Manichean post-9/11 discourse about terrorism – through slippages both between Daisy, one of the show’s heroines, and Ward, a key antagonist, and between the eponymous intelligence agency, S.H.I.E.L.D., and the terrorist organization Hydra – these are ultimately disavowed.

تهدف الدراسة إلى قياس واستنباط مظاهر الاغتراب النفسي التي أشار إليها العالم ميلفن سيمان في نظريته في الاتجاه التحليلي لقياس مظاهر الاغتراب النفسي وهي خمس سمات: فقدان القوة، اللامعنى، اللامعيارية، العزلة الاجتماعية، الغربة الذاتية، وذلك من خلال نص للكاتب المسرحي عباس الحايك محطة الأرواح الضالة. وتأتي أهمية الدراسة في إثبات قدرة النص المسرحي في الكشف عن رموزه، واستخدام نظريات حديثة في النقد والتحليل السردي. واستخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في دراسة النص وتحليله واستنباط مظاهر الاغتراب النفسي من خلال سؤال الدراسة الرئيس: هل يوجد في النص مظاهر وسمات الاغتراب النفسي؟ وحيث تتولد من هذا السؤال الرئيس أسئلة فرعية وتطبيقية لنظرية ميلفن سيمان في قياس السمات الخمسة واستكشافها من النص، من حيث دلالة العنوان والشخصيات والحوار والصراع والزمان والمكان. وتشتمل الدراسة على الإطار النظري وشرح مصطلحاتها، وكذلك تشتمل على الإطار التطبيقي الذي نطبق فيه مقياس ميلفن على النص المسرحي محطة الأرواح الضالة. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج من أهمها ما يلي: 1- أن مظاهر الاغتراب النفسي وسماته قد وجدت ظاهريا في نص محطة الأرواح الضالة.2- أنه ليست كل عناصر النص في مسرحية محطة الأرواح الضالة قد تحتوي على جميع مظاهر الاغتراب النفسي.3- أن عنصر الشخصيات في النص هو الأكثر وضوحا في هيمنته على بقية العناصر في تجليه لمظاهر وسمات الاغتراب النفسي. وتوصي الدراسة بالاستزادة والاهتمام بالنصوص المسرحية والسعودية ودراستها بالنظريات الحديثة. وتوصي الباحثة بعد تجربة تطبيق نظرية ميلفن سيمان في سمات ومظاهر الاغتراب النفسي على عناصر السرد المسرحي، بالاهتمام والاستزادة في دراسة وتحليل مسرحيات سعودية، ذات طابع ومضامين قضايا إنسانية وربطها بالنظريات الحديثة في السرد.

The Beu Rodo scriptures are texts sung by boumo, a Zhuang ritual priest at rites. They reflect the primitive belief of the ancient forebears of the Zhuang group in China. As a scriptural heritage of the Zhuang minority nationality, the scriptures have become a significant cultural carrier in the English world through translations. Based on the published English translations, this paper analyzes the combined use of verbal and visual modes in translating the Baeu Rodo scriptures into English. David Holm’s Recalling Lost Souls is under examination as a case study. Theories of multimodal discourse analysis and intersemiotic translation give guidance for examination and discussion. First, the authors bring under examination how verbal and visual modes interacted to produce Recalling Lost Souls, an example of multimodal translation; then they move on to discuss how the translator managed to realize the representational, interactive, and compositional meanings in a multimodal whole. It is concluded that linguistic and non-linguistic modes can work together to produce a multimodal translation, a workable approach to Z-E translation of the Baeu Rodo scriptures leading to higher readability of their translated works in the English world.

This paper is a journey into my inner life as a Jewish poet whose family fled Europe because of Nazi persecution. In dreams I encounter Black kindred spirits who spark a series of eight dream sonnets. They are aspects of Self. They speak to the connections between Black and Jewish experience and culture. I share my experience of the transformational process of making art out of unconscious imagery, and also as an expression of intergenerational trauma. It is a potent way to work with and heal ancient wounds. I am influenced in this endeavor by August Wilson’s play, Gem of the Ocean, in which the aged matriarch, Aunt Ester, takes lost souls on an imaginal journey to the “City of Bones” deep in the ocean—the ancestors’ realm—where the spirits of those who did not survive the Middle Passage congregate. Aunt Ester knows a core truth: one must touch down to the burial ground in one’s cultural psyche to know the truth of one’s path in life. She is the spiritual guide who accompanies me. The form of my poems is influenced by the American sonnets of Terrance Hayes. My dream sonnets borrow Hayes’ intense, unrhymed, 14-line structure. Hayes also shows up in a dream, which becomes the first sonnet in the series. He is the creative animus who enables this work.

ABSTRACT Nadifa Mohamed wrote The Orchard of Lost Souls with the impetus of foregrounding Somali women’s intimate experiences throughout the social and political upheaval during the prelude to the Somaliland-Somalia civil war. The Somali people’s centuries-cultivated homogeneity through culture and way of life has come under pressure by contending factions exacerbated by divisive clan-led violence and the resulting rebellion. This paper seeks to interrogate the interiorised ruminations of the novel’s women caught in the ensuing chaos who grapple with conflicting issues of identity and agency. Somali women’s obscured interiorised lives and their diverging narratives together with their articulations, including the non-verbalised language of apparel, frames the direction of my argument. Their dissonant women-centric perspectives and the enacted agencies of their stances contribute to my elucidation of navigating and contemplating Mohamed’s unmoored women’s writing.

Sámi Literature in Norwegian Language Arts Textbooks

Reaching souls in GPKdI Nek Kompong, Andeng Village in conjunction with reaching out to souls in GKSI Moria Empaong-Nala Congregation is very much needed by pastors who are serious and sincere in their ministry. The ministry of a pastor to reach the soul is a very important act today. The purpose of reaching out to souls is to save lost souls to live like Christ. In order for the pastor to be more enthusiastic in reaching lost souls, prayers and fasting are required to be carried out by the pastor, the church assembly, and all members of the Nek Kompong GPKdI, Andeng village and in the GKSI Moria Empaong-Nala Congregation. This study uses a qualitative methodology with a data processing approach of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that some members of the GPKdI Nek Kompong and GKSI Moria Empaong-Nala congregations already had an awareness of fellowship with God in places of worship and other spiritual fellowship carried out in the congregation. The conclusion is that pastors must be loyal in reaching out to souls in GPKdI Nek Kompong and GKSI Moria Empaong-Nala Congregation continuously and even ministry to reach souls must also be carried out by pastors/congregations in all interdenominational churches, both in Indonesia and elsewhere world.

Reviewed by: The Pelagian Controversy: An Introduction to the Enemies of Grace and the Conspiracy of Lost Souls by Stuart Squires Walter Dunphy The Pelagian Controversy: An Introduction to the Enemies of Grace and the Conspiracy of Lost Souls. By Stuart Squires. (Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2019. Pp. xxii, 366. $42.00. ISBN: 9781532637810). The ample bibliography given by Stuart Squires—the “secondary literature” alone extends to almost 30 pages—is witness to the fact that study of the Pelagian Controversy is flourishing, and also to the need for an introduction such as this to help the reader, whether student or scholar in the field (xxii), to see both the whole picture of the debate and evaluate the many details that contribute to the whole. The account is divided into two parts: part I (3–180) takes us through the history of the controversy. Chapter 1 (3–40) paints in broad strokes the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire before focusing on the more immediate context of the development of the ascetical movements in the fourth century in which the Pelagian debate emerged. The dispute between Jerome and Rufinus of Aquileia over the thought of Origen, which would mutate into the Pelagian debate, serves as a necessary introduction to the main account. The following chapters (2–4) introduce us in historical succession to Pelagius, Caelestius, and Rufinus the Syrian. Then the anti-Pelagian reaction as formulated by Augustine, Jerome, and Orosius is outlined (chapters 5–7). Some readers may think that Orosius is given more attention than he deserves, but the Spaniard played a significant role in how the early debate in Africa was presented in Palestine, and subsequently in reporting to the West (Africa) the Pelagian victory at Diospolis. Chapter 8 is a sober attempt to unravel the intricacies surrounding the condemnation of Pelagianism by Rome in 418. The disquiet caused by this found independent expression in the writings of Julian of Eclanum (chapter 8) and of John Cassian (chapter 9). Part II (pp. 183–277) gives a condensed but clear account of “the theology of . . .” the various protagonists in the controversy is an account of the theology of the protagonists insofar as it pertains directly to the debate. Clearly the theology of Augustine or the influence of Jerome cannot be outlined in a few pages. Squires divides his presentation of Augustine into two parts: Augustine in debate with Caelestius and Pelagius in the first phase of the debate, and his unfinished dispute with Julian of Eclanum in the later years. By concluding with Cassian at the end of the account in both parts, Squires reminds us that the controversy that had seemed to end in a fruitless impasse in the Julian-Augustine wrangle only set the scene for a fruitful tension between grace and nature that would imbue western Christendom. [End Page 172] This is a welcome addition to the bibliography on Pelagianism that lacks thorough overviews in English of the course of the whole controversy, and of the current scholarly consensus on a host of disputed details. Walter Dunphy Nanzan University Copyright © 2023 The Catholic University of America Press

This study aims to describe the use of ego defense mechanisms in the main character as an effort to deal with a problem faced by the main character in the novel Two Lost Souls by Pia Devina. This type of research is qualitative using a description method, so this research will emphasize sentences to describe a situation that occurs in the field more specifically and in depth. The data collection technique used is in the form of a literacy study technique whose activities are in the form of an activity carried out by reading and taking notes on the research object which will later be processed as research material. The data analysis technique is a content analysis technique with reference to Sigmund Freud's Literary Psychology theory, namely self-defense mechanisms. The ego defense mechanism contained in the novel Two Lost Souls through the main character is repression which is a strong basis for ego defense, then with regression which triggers tension or emotional outbursts in a character, but it is different from the defense of apathy which tends to withdraw more from a problem.

Reaching souls in GPKdI Nek Kompong, Andeng Village in conjunction with reaching out to souls in GKSI Moria Empaong-Nala Congregation is very much needed by pastors who are serious and sincere in their ministry. The ministry of a pastor to reach the soul is a very important act today. The purpose of reaching out to souls is to save lost souls to live like Christ. In order for the pastor to be more enthusiastic in reaching lost souls, prayers and fasting are required to be carried out by the pastor, the church assembly, and all members of the Nek Kompong GPKdI, Andeng village and in the GKSI Moria Empaong-Nala Congregation. This study uses a qualitative methodology with a data processing approach of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that some members of the GPKdI Nek Kompong and GKSI Moria Empaong-Nala congregations already had an awareness of fellowship with God in places of worship and other spiritual fellowship carried out in the congregation. The conclusion is that pastors must be loyal in reaching out to souls in GPKdI Nek Kompong and GKSI Moria Empaong-Nala Congregation continuously and even ministry to reach souls must also be carried out by pastors/congregations in all interdenominational churches, both in Indonesia and elsewhere world.

Reviewed by: The Promise of Lost Things by Helene Dunbar Amanda Toledo Dunbar, Helene The Promise of Lost Things. Sourcebooks Fire, 2022 [320p] Paper ed. ISBN 9781492667407 $10.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781492667414 $9.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R Gr. 9-12 Ghosts aren't fiction in St. Hilaire, New York, a small enclave where those with powers to commune with the dead live according to rules established by a corrupt Guild. Russ, a teen eager to prove himself as student leader of the Guild's Youth Corps, mixes addictive herbs from his grandmother's garden to enhance his powers and is helped further by the ghost of powerful teen medium Ian Mackenzie, who is no less charming for being dead. Outside the town gates, seventeen-year-old Asher wants to mourn his sister in peace, but his parents, hosts of the reality TV show Ghost Killers, want to film a special episode proving the mystics of St. Hilaire are [End Page 319] frauds. Asher befriends Russ to help his parents but finds he doesn't want to take down the town of the boy he's slowly growing attached to. Meanwhile, Willow, the delightfully wicked medium training Russ, has plans to bring prominence and power to herself and the town, and she's not letting anyone get in her way. The three narrators bring a lot of moving pieces to this plot, but the story unspools with intriguing suspense and satisfyingly resolves leftover mysteries from the first novel in the series, Prelude for Lost Souls. In a book dealing with the ethereal, Dunbar's writing is grounded in richly detailed descriptions of physical sensations and emotions, and those qualities shine in a brief but exhilarating kiss Russ and Asher share. Fantastic elements layered in with poignant, human moments of grief make this ghost story a solid sequel. Copyright © 2022 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Political upheavals, relegation of women and migration are the hallmarks of pioneer and recent works of prose from Eastern Africa, which prompts most critics to opt for postcolonial and feminist canons in the critical appreciation of these literary productions. Colonialism triggered cultural tensions and desire to emigrate to Western metropoles to obtain the means to expedite the new ideas in Africa. With settings pervaded by dominant and marginal cultural dualisms, it is reasonable to subject such literary works to postcolonial criticism. Similarly, the gender othering of women through misogyny and cultural practices such as female genital mutilation brings most works of prose in the region under feminist criticism. This study breaks away from these trends to analyse the political upheavals and abuse of women in such prose works as an attempt to reconstruct the diminishing hegemonic masculinity. The colonial enterprise in Africa was not just a cultural shocker, but a sexually aggressive act poised to explore virgin lands and demascularize her male inhabitants. This article analyses political animosity and male promiscuity in African characters as a futile attempt to restore the diminishing hegemonic masculinities in Mohamed’s Orchard of Lost Souls (2013) and Salih’s Season of Migration (1969). The ideas of Connell (1991) and McClintock (1995) will form a theoretical basis of interpretation.

Lost Souls: Women, Religion and Mental Illness in the Victorian Asylum, by Diana Peschier | Idiocy, Imbecility and Insanity in Victorian Society: Caterham Asylum, 1867-1911, by Stef Eastoe