This work examines Ernest Hemingway’s portrayal of the “Lost generation” and the psychological aftermath of the First World War through the stories “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” and “Now I Lay Me.” The study highlights how themes of loneliness, despair, and the search for meaning are expressed through symbolic elements such as light and silence. Hemingway’s nameless characters, minimalist style, and semi-autobiographical elements illustrate the lasting emotional and spiritual effects of war on the human psyche.

The first half of the twentieth century marked a significant shift in American literature toward confronting the unsettling realities of modern life. Naturalist and socially engaged writers addressed social inequality, economic injustice, and moral crisis, while the Lost Generation introduced profound stylistic and philosophical innovations. However, despite the unprecedented historical trauma of World War II, postwar American fiction was frequently criticized for artistic superficiality and emotional evasiveness. This article examines the paradox of postwar American war literature through critical responses and postmodern narrative strategies. The study argues that postwar war fiction reflects not a lack of meaningful cultural material but an avoidance and repression of traumatic reality.

This work examines Ernest Hemingway’s portrayal of the “Lost generation” and the psychological aftermath of the First World War through the stories “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” and “Now I Lay Me.” The study highlights how themes of loneliness, despair, and the search for meaning are expressed through symbolic elements such as light and silence. Hemingway’s nameless characters, minimalist style, and semi-autobiographical elements illustrate the lasting emotional and spiritual effects of war on the human psyche.

In the recent history of Russia, it is customary to distinguish two “lost generations” — whose youth fell on the turn of the 1960s–1970s and the 1980s of the twentieth century. A number of contemporary researchers put forward hypotheses about the possible formation of a new, third lost generation. Among the grounds for such assumptions are the growth of alienation in the context of digital society, the transformation of values, and difficulties in social self-realization. To test the stated hypothesis, the authors conducted an empirical study within a quantitative paradigm: a representative telephone survey of Russian residents was carried out in July–September 2022 (N=2500). For analysis, questionnaires of respondents aged 18 to 35 were selected (n=840). The results of cluster analysis revealed three stable youth groups. The first cluster (56.9% of respondents) is characterized by an optimistic assessment of contemporary conditions as the most favorable for self-realization; its representatives evaluate youth as hardworking, striving for knowledge and high ideals, and problems among their peers, according to their assessments, occur rarely. The second cluster (29.4% of respondents), on the contrary, experiences alienation from contemporary society: youth are perceived as lacking initiative and ideals, and respondents’ peers, in their opinion, face a wide range of difficulties, primarily related to housing and material well-being. The third cluster (13.7% of respondents) believes that modern society provides youth with the best opportunities for development, yet considers that youth do not seek to take advantage of them, demonstrating absenteeism. The relatively small size of the second cluster does not allow one to speak of the formation of a new lost generation. The results obtained contribute to the existing academic discussion on the possible causes of youth radicalization, as well as the prevalence of the phenomenon of learned helplessness.

Finding China's Lost Generation: The Beijing Fifty-Five by John Israel (review)

This paper examines the basic characteristics and educational trends of generational cohorts from the Lost Generation to today’s Alpha Generation. After providing a review of the literature on previous social generations, we examine what motivates Alpha students in and out of the classroom and suggest pedagogical approaches and recommendations on how to keep this generation motivated to learn. Finally, we conclude by looking at the upcoming so-called Beta generation and what we can expect next.

While various scholars have endeavored to write the history of the nineteenth-century English-language press in Paris, the first half of the twentieth century largely remains to be written. Undoubtedly, the cultural aura of the ‘Lost Generation’ has shaped the production of scholarship on this time period, giving precedence to literary publications over more journalistic genres. Trying to fill this critical gap, we will see that the Franco-American Eagle, Jazz, and the British Colony Magazine all worked toward the integration of the relatively large Anglo-American diasporic communities of the first half of the twentieth century. Whether they targeted World War I soldiers (Franco-American Eagle), tourists (Jazz), or residents (British Colony Magazine), these magazines all promoted festive cultural life in Paris at a time when ‘the city of lights’ was widely seen, in the Anglo-American world, as a powerfully attractive ‘moveable feast’. Creating a sense of belonging was particularly crucial for these foreign-language periodicals, which catered to three communities that would have had a difficult time finding their place in Paris without the assistance of print. Indeed, while the ‘Lost Generation’ and the ‘American colony’ of businessmen both had institutions supporting their lives in the city (such as the network of artistic salons and little magazines’ publishers, the American Library, and the American Chamber of Commerce), soldiers, Britons, and tourists were less likely to enjoy this support. In this article, I discuss what sense of belonging the Franco-American Eagle, Jazz, and the British Colony Magazine offered to these three understudied diasporic communities. To do so, I focus on these periodicals’ relationship with place, and examine the seminal role of Paris in integrating these communities. First, I introduce these periodicals and show that they represented Paris as a concrete, material place of pleasures. Then, I discuss a possible correlation between such representations and the integration of lesser-intellectual communities by introducing a brief comparison with Anglo-American exile avant-garde magazines in interwar Paris. Eventually, I suggest that scholarly attention to periodical communities such as the Franco-American Eagle, Jazz, and the British Colony Magazine can enlarge our understanding of the cultural history of the time period by driving our attention to overlooked cultural artefacts grounded in the materiality of the city. In the course of this article, I suggest that our way of looking at, and categorizing, the English-language periodicals flourishing in World War I and interwar Paris probably partly relies on institutional partitions between media studies and literary studies, of which we need at least to be aware.

John Okada is one of the most famous representatives of Asian American literature, that received a powerful impetus for development after World War II. The writer was one of the first to depict the premis- es and consequences of the complex self-identification that Japanese Americans had to go through during and after World War II. The writer, who saw the horrors of war and the forced policy that broke the fates of people of the country with his own eyes, creates a novel that reflects the confusion of the representatives of the “nisei” generation, who find themselves at a crossroads in their own destinies. Published in 1957 No- No Boy, the only novel by an American writer of Japanese descent, is now attributed to the “jurisdiction” of postcolonial discourse, Asian American studies and ethnic/post-ethnic studies in American literary crit- icism, remain unexplored. Today, this is the writer bearing incontestable status of one of the forebears of Japanese American literature, fathers of the Asian American literary canon. The objective of the study is to refute this established postulate and demonstrate that the novel should be considered not in a narrow connection with the formation and development of American literature written by authors of Asian ori- gin, but in connection with overcoming the tendency to “hypercanonization” of a limited number of works written by WASP Americans. Research methods are historic-literary and comparative. As a result of the re- search, it has been found out that J. Okada’s novel is important not only because it contains an existential- ist projection of the Lost Generation, one of the key images for the European and American literatures of the second third of the 20th century. But it adds completely new features that are not characteristic of this image. Its significance lies in the fact that its poetics reveals a genetic cohesion with the classical Japanese philosophical and aesthetic tradition. Taking this into account, J. Okada’s novel is presented not simply as an Asian American version of the Western literary school, a kind of “carriage return” and the milestone of a certain stage in the development of American literature written by authors of Asian origin. The study of this novel with an emphasis on its aesthetic and poetic features reveals a significant influence of the classi- cal aesthetic principles of Japanese art, which, despite its apparent replication, makes this writing a unique example of the penetration of a new artistic construing of the philosophical framework of existentialism into the American existential literary canon.

This article analyzes the consequences of the First World War and the resulting emergence of the phenomenon known as the “Lost Generation.” The war affected not only political and economic spheres but also had a profound impact on human psychology and social consciousness. The article explores how the concept of the “Lost Generation” took shape through literature, art, and social attitudes, shedding light on the worldview and outlook on life of this generation. It highlights post-war societal changes within a historical and cultural context.

Since the 1970s, Lebanese cinema has developed alongside the country’s changing political and social landscape, with crime narratives reflecting these shifts. During the Civil War (1975-1990), filmmakers like Maroun Baghdadi used crime to highlight the chaos and moral complexity of the time, as seen in Little Wars (1982). Several years later, crime stories reappeared in Lebanese cinema, combining genre conventions with themes of social struggle. By the 2010s, films like Very Big Shot (2015) by Mir-Jean Bou Chaaya redefined crime cinema through dark humor and social critique, reflecting Lebanon’s ongoing instability. This article examines the development of crime narratives in Lebanese cinema, using both films as a case study to analyze how crime functions both as a narrative device and as a reflection of historical and political changes. Through a comparative study of Little Wars and Very Big Shot, this paper explores the thematic and stylistic shifts that suggest the emergence of a distinct Lebanese crime cinema, blending genre elements with social commentary on Lebanon’s complex realities.

As a high school English and film teacher in the post-quarantine world, Mark Fusco has read about “lost generations” and “learning loss.” But he believes these assessments of today’s students today are incomplete. What valuable skills did young people actually gain during their time away from school? Fusco has seen a surge in what he calls “film-based literacy.” Students’ ability to create and assess video content must be better understood and occupy a more central place in our future curricula.

Stunting, or below-standard height, is a nutritional problem commonly found in developing countries. Stunting negatively impacts growth, development, and productivity. It can increase the risk of infectious diseases, chronic diseases, and death, which will subsequently reduce work productivity in adulthood. Children who cannot catch up on growth later on can cause bigger problems, and in the future, Indonesia may experience a lost generation. Method: This study uses a descriptive-analytical method with a cross-sectional research design. The population consisted of all mothers with toddlers aged 0-59 months in 2021, totaling 520 toddlers, while the sample included 99 mothers of toddlers. Data collection on toddlers was conducted by measuring body length/height with a microtoise BB to determine stunting status and using a questionnaire. The research results were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test. Results: Specific nutrition interventions, when viewed from the PMT variable (0.035), IMD counseling and exclusive breastfeeding (0.001), vitamin A capsule administration (0.022), and immunization (0.036), are related to the incidence of stunting in toddlers. Meanwhile, sensitive nutrition interventions, when viewed from the information variable (0.030) about stunting, are related to the incidence of stunting in toddlers. Conclusion: Preventing stunting requires appropriate handling through both specific and sensitive nutritional interventions together. The research results indicate that there are 5 variables related to the occurrence of stunting in toddlers, including PMT, IMD counseling and exclusive breastfeeding, administration of vitamin A capsules, immunization, and provision of information about stunting.

Ernest Hemingway's 1926 novel, The Sun Also Rises, stands as a quintessential portrait of the "Lost Generation"—a cohort of disillusioned expatriates grappling with the psychological and spiritual aftermath of World War I. Through the understated prose characteristic of Hemingway's "Iceberg Theory," the novel explores profound themes of impotence (both physical and spiritual), the search for authenticity, the complexities of love and relationships, and the pervasive sense of aimlessness that defined a generation. This article will analyze how Hemingway masterfully employs a minimalist narrative style, a cast of emotionally wounded characters, and symbolic settings (Paris, Pamplona) to articulate a powerful critique of modernity, while simultaneously positing the "Code Hero" as a potential, albeit often elusive, pathway to meaning and "grace under pressure" in a world stripped of traditional values.

The paper analyses the works of E. Remarque “On the Western Front Without Change” and “The Return”, which are relevant, in particular for Ukrainian society, and which reveal the evolution of the image of the ‘lost generation’.It is shown that in the two novels, E. Remarque seems to create a “chronicle” of an entire generation.He captures in his works the still fresh wounds of twentieth-century society by frankly and simply depicting reality through the eyes of the “lost generation”. His next novel, The Return (1930), inherits the motifs of the first novel with a somewhat harsh realism, but also contains the attempts of young people to adapt to life in the new reality, their despair at the realisation that nothing will ever be the same again.As in On the Western Front Without Change Remarque shows the horrors of the First World War, but focuses on its long-term consequences. Whereas in the previous novel, the problems of civilian life arise only briefly during the hero’s leave from the front, in The Return they are the main subject of the story. The two novels complement each other.It should also be noted that in The Return there are more descriptions of nature and reflections on the social order, because the end of the war gave an opportunity for philosophical observations.A peaceful existence, compared to fighting, gives time for reflection and attempts to reintegrate into the once familiar and understandable society. However, most of the young men remained only soldiers, suffering from misunderstandings with their loved ones, drowning in a whirlpool of personal problems that they cannot solve except with the help of weapons, and eventually descending into drinking, quarrels, living in memories and accusing the authorities of betrayal and lies.

The Lost Generation refers to a cohort of American writers who emerged in the aftermath of World War I, characterized by their disillusionment with traditional values and societal norms. This article examines the historical context surrounding the Lost Generation, highlighting how the war's brutality led to a profound sense of alienation and existential questioning among these writers. Key figures such as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein, and T.S. Eliot are discussed for their contributions to modernist literature, showcasing recurring themes of disillusionment, alienation, and the critique of the American Dream. The influence of the Lost Generation extends beyond literature into visual arts and music, reflecting broader cultural movements of the 1920s and 1930s. Ultimately, the legacy of the Lost Generation continues to resonate in contemporary literature and culture, offering insights into the human condition that remain relevant today.

The Lost Generation, a cohort of American writers who came of age during and after World War I, profoundly shaped the literary landscape of the early 20th century. Characterized by a pervasive sense of disillusionment and alienation, these writers sought to articulate their experiences in a world irrevocably altered by war and societal change. This article explores the central themes of identity crisis and alienation in the works of key figures such as F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, and T.S. Eliot. It examines innovative narrative techniques, symbolism, and the impact of place, particularly the expatriate experience in Paris. The analysis highlights how the literature of the Lost Generation reflects broader societal issues, including gender dynamics and class disparities, while offering a timeless commentary on the human condition in an increasingly fragmented world.

Abstract During the COVID pandemic, some commentators thought that early career researchers (ECRs) would become a ‘lost generation’. Yet the Harbingers (H‐2) longitudinal study, which followed ECRs for 2 years during the pandemic found that ECRs took things in their stride. More than 2 years on, we returned, as part of the AI stage of the Harbingers study (H‐3), to see what has transpired and interviewed nearly 70 ECRs from six countries as part of an exploratory study. We found that: (1) only one in six ECRS thought they were suffering from the residual impacts of the pandemic, with increased workload creating the greatest stress; (2) working remotely, digitally and more flexibly was thought by many to be the biggest dividend delivered, making the job more desirable and competitive; (3) an apparent growth in jobs and promotions (tenures) confirmed the bounce‐back. Given the modest size of the study, analysis by country has to be undertaken with caution, but China, where political and economic factors have stifled any bounce‐back, stands out for special attention in a future full‐blown study. Finally, the study yielded informed and considered views that the long‐term impact of the pandemic appears to be beneficial rather than disadvantageous.

This study aims to examine the existence of the value of the 2nd precept of Pancasila in an effort to prevent lost generation at Junior High School 1 West Telukjambe. Lost generation refers to groups of people, especially the younger generation, who have lost their direction, values, and identity, so that they are unable to contribute positively to the life of the nation and state. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research subjects consisted of head of student affairs, PPKN teachers, and students. The results of the study show that: (1) the school has succeeded in instilling the values of humanity, justice, and respect for individual dignity. The application of these values helps students develop an attitude of mutual respect, responsibility, and active participation in the community, which in turn prevents them from getting caught up in an identity crisis or being part of a lost generation. (2) Obstacles are influenced by internal and external factors. Thus, it is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of more effective educational strategies in preventing lost generation.

The high prevalence of stunting in Sungai Penuh City makes it necessary to identify the causes of stunting in a local context by looking at the classification of residence. Stunting that is not resolved will have an impact on the Lost Generation in the future. This cross-sectional study with data from the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey in 2022 aims to analyze the prevalence and risk factors for stunting in toddlers in rural and urban areas, so that the problem of chronic malnutrition can be resolved according to the conditions where toddlers live. Data collection was conducted in August-September 2022, while data requests were made in January 2024. The sample was 395 toddlers living in Sungai Penuh City. To see the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable, the Chi-square test was performed and to see the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable simultaneously, the Logistic Regression test was performed using the IBM SPSS statistics version 25 application software. The results of this study show that the prevalence of stunting in urban areas is higher than in rural areas, but there are no differences in risk factors for stunting, and overall rural-urban in Sungai Penuh City on the variable of birth length with OR (95% CI) 2.30 and maternal education with OR (95% CI) 2.22 shows the risk of having stunted children (p-value <0.005). This study concludes that there are differences in prevalence between rural and urban areas, but there are no differences in the risk factors that cause stunting in toddlers.

In the interwar period, Paris became home to a network of Black writers and artists from around the world. Using data from the Shakespeare and Company Project, as well as various archival sources, this article reveals connections between this network and Sylvia Beach’s bookshop and lending library. The article begins with the Harlem Renaissance writer and artist Gwendolyn Bennett, arguing that her relationship with Shakespeare and Company illuminates a porousness between the “Lost Generation” and “Paris Noir.” The article then examines how Beach connected writing from Harlem to Black intellectuals in Paris, who were in the process of creating a new anti-colonial articulation of race.