Loosening Of Bonds Research Articles

CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL THERMAL PROPERTIES FOR DESIGN OF UNDERGROUND CABLE ROUTES AT THE WIND FARM POWER PLANT AREA, PANYIPATAN AND PELAIHARI SUB-DISTRICT, SOUTH KALIMANTAN

The estimation of soil thermal resistivity is essential for many types of big engineering projects because of the required knowledge about subsurface transmission of either heated fluids or high power currents. Thermal conductivity measurements were carried out at 12 locations, eight measurement point locations in South Kalimantan, the Sapu Angin hill region, sub-district Penyipatan and four points in the area of Kampung Baru, sub-district Pelaihari made at 2-3 variations in depth of 50 to 100 cm, which adjusted to the ability of the soil drilling support equipment to make holes in the soil. Samples were also collected from the locations for physical parameters description that influences thermal resistivity, subjected to grain size distribution and compaction analysis. The calculation of thermal conductivity is done by using CT-Lab software ver. 1.0.2 with a sensor resistance value of 82.69 ohms / m, heater voltage 4.0 V, and heater power 4.3857 W/m. The results show that the thermal conductivity values range from 0.593 to 3.239 W/mK. For the Sapu Angin hill region, sub-district Penyipatan, soil layers are generally in the form of sandy-clay (λ> 1.2 W/mK), but at some points, the value of thermal conductivity in these layers have decreased (λ <1.2 W/mK) due to rainwater infiltration (BH-02, BH-03, BH-04, BH-05, and BH-07). The infiltration causes weakening or loosening of bonds between the constituent particles of the soil. While in the area of Kampung Baru sub-district Pelaihari, the soil layer is generally in the form of sandy-clay, which has not well compacted (BH-08, BH-10, BH-12) with high water content (BH-09).

« Dans un pleur assidu »: champs lexicaux de l'émotion dans la poésie de Marceline Desbordes-Valmore

Desbordes-Valmore sut créer, pour dire l'émotion, l'un des lexiques les plus sensuels de la poésie romantique française. Grâce à ce lexique, le monde des sentiments s'ouvre sur celui des sensations physiques. Dans son univers poétique, certains mots s'appellent, formant des chaînes sémantiques où l'on entend l'inflexion unique de sa personnalité. Je montrerai comment le sujet poétique féminin qu'elle construit exprime et communique l'émotion en se servant de trois grands motifs: le frémissement, l'abandon et l'essor, chacun pourvu d'un lexique éminemment personnel et sensuel. À travers ces combinaisons lexicales qui lui sont propres, elle « dit » la passion avec originalité, et donne une voix au désir et au plaisir féminins. Malgré l'imprécision, le flou et même la pauvreté de son vocabulaire, malgré l'ubiquité des mots « âme », « fleurs », « ange » et « cœur », c'est du corps qu'elle parle, sans le nommer directement.

Dusky dolphin group dynamics and association patterns in Península Valdés, Argentina

AbstractWe inspected dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) group dynamics in Golfo Nuevo and found differences in social organization between cold and warm seasons. Surveys were conducted onboard a research vessel, from which we collected behavioral observations and group fission‐fusion data from 2001 to 2008; we also collected photo‐identification data from 2004 to 2012. To analyze association patterns, we calculated half‐weight association index (HWI) and social differentiation (S). We conducted a Monte Carlo permutation test to determine whether observed association patterns were significantly different from random association using a compiled version of SOCPROG 2.7. Group fission and fusion dynamics depended on group behavior, the main activity after the groups' fusion was feeding, and they never fission before socializing. The social structure of dusky dolphins included long‐term preferred companions in the cold season; during the warm season, there were no preferred companions. This seasonal difference in social structure could be related to an accompanying shift in foraging behaviors that appears to be driven by changes in prey availability. If so, then a loosening of bonds among individuals during the warm season, when prey is more available, would reflect these social structure changes.

Differences in the spatial distribution of actin in the left and right ventricles of functioning rabbit hearts

We examined the effect of the differences in spatial arrangement of actin in contracting muscles from the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles of rabbit heart. Spatial arrangement is a fundamental property of muscle because it reflects the interaction of individual actin molecules with myosin cross-bridges. Macroscopic parameters of contraction, such as maximum tension, speed of shortening or ATPase activity, are unlikely to reveal differences between the ventricles because they are made on whole organs containing trillions of actin and myosin molecules. Averaging the data collected from such a large assembly is likely to conceal small differences. To eliminate complications arising from the differences in the basic myocardial architecture and fiber structures of the ventricles, and to ensure that the molecular crowding influences contraction in the same way as under the in-vivo conditions, we collected data from isolated myofibrils ex-vivo. Control anisotropy experiments revealed that the orientation of actin reflected the orientation of myosin cross-bridges. The results showed that the changes in the distribution of actin induced by the interaction of actin filaments with myosin heads were demonstrated only in LVs, not in RVs. This suggests that both ventricles interact differently with myosin cross-bridges. We think that the stress induced in the thin filaments of LV causes loosening of bonds between actin monomers which leads to greater mobility of actin monomers.

Differences in the Spatial Distribution of Actin in the Left and Right Ventricles of Healthy Human Hearts

The pressure necessary to expel blood into the pulmonary circulation by the right ventricle is smaller than the pressure necessary to pump blood into the systemic circulation by the left ventricle. Nevertheless, there is little reason to believe that the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular muscles are intrinsically different, because sarcomeric proteins of both ventricles are known to be expressed from the same genes. However, recent identification of disparities in their physiology and proteins has modified the classical outlook of their similarity and their respective cause for cardiovascular diseases. To decide whether ventricular muscles are functionally different we compared steady-state distribution of actin orientations in the left and the right ventricles at molecular levels. This distribution is a fundamental property of muscle because it reflects interaction of individual actin molecules with myosin cross-bridges. To eliminate complications arising from the differences in the basic fiber structures of the ventricles and to ensure that the molecular crowding influences contraction in the same way as it would in in-vivo conditions, we collected data from isolated myofibrils ex-vivo. To assure that each actin molecule acts independently, we labeled every 1,000 actin monomers with a fluorescent dye. The results showed that the changes in distribution of actin induced by the interaction of actin filaments with myosin heads were demonstrated only in LVs, not in RVs. This suggests that both ventricles interact differently with myosin cross-bridges. We think that the stress induced in the thin filaments of LV causes loosening of bonds between actin monomers and greater mobility of actin monomers.

Density functional theory analysis of some triple-decker sandwich complexes of iron containing cyclo-P5 and cyclo-As5 ligands

Structure and bonding in triple-decker cationic complexes [(η5-Cp)Fe(μ,η:η5-E5) Fe(η5-Cp)]+ (1: E = CH, 2: E = P, 3: E = As) and [(η5-Cp)Fe(μ,η:η5-Cp)Fe(η5-E5)]+ (E = P, As) are examined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G* level. These species exhibit the lowest energy when all the three ligands are eclipsed. In the complexes with bifacially coordinated cyclo-E5, the perfectly eclipsed D5h sandwich structure a is found to be a potential minimum. The energy difference between the fully eclipsed and the staggered conformations b and c are within 1.0, 2.1, and 6.3 kcal/mol, respectively, for E = CH, P, and As. The isomeric species with monofacially coordinated cyclo-E5 (E =P, As), [(η5 -Cp)Fe(μ,η :η5-Cp)Fe(η5-E5)]+ are predicted to be about 30 and 60 kcal/mol higher in energy , respectively, for E = P and As. The calculations predict that the bifacially coordinated cyclo-E5 (E =P, As) undergoes significant ring expansion leading to ``loosening of bonds'' as observed experimentally. The consequent loss of aromaticity in the central cyclo-E5 indicates that significant π-electron density from the ring can be directed towards bonding with the iron centers on both sides. The diffuse nature of the π-orbitals of cyclo-P5 and cyclo-As5 can lead to better overlap with the iron d-orbitals and result in stronger bonding. This is reflected in the bond order values of 0.377 and 0.372 for the Fe-P and Fe-As bonds in 2a and 3a, respectively. The natural population analysis reveals that the Fe atom that is coordinated to a cyclo-E5 (E = P, As) possesses a negative charge of −0.23 to −0.38 units due to transfer of electron density from the inorganic ring to the metal center.

Out of the Ghetto: The Social Background of Jewish Emancipation, 1770-1870

From both Jewish and non-Jewish viewpoints, this study presents the developing interrelationship between Jews and their Gentile environment from 1770 to 1870. It covers the upheaval of the French Revolution, the loosening of bonds between church and state, and the ideas of the Enlightenment.

The secondary relaxation process of poly(vinyl chloride) and its derivatives

AbstractThe temperature dependence of the shear modulus G′ and of the damping tan δ of poly‐(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), copolymers of vinyl chloride–vinylidene chloride, PVC chlorinated in solution and suspension, and chlorinated polyethylene was measured. Secondary relaxation process of PVC and its derivatives are being explained as vibration of methylene groups polarized by neighboring CCl dipoles. This process, being suppressed by lowering the concentration of the methylene groups in the PVC chain (e.g., by chlorination), remains, however, unaffected by the growth of crystalline content. The achieved results show that in the α‐transition region there occurs, in accordance with Andrews' theory, a loosening of the bonds between the CCl dipoles, whereas in the β‐transition region a loosening of the weaker bonds among the dipoles of the polarized methylene.