Long-term Lease Research Articles

Tenancy Patterns, Productivity, and Rentals in Malaysia

Previous articleNext article No AccessTenancy Patterns, Productivity, and Rentals in MalaysiaYukon HuangYukon Huang Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 23, Number 4Jul., 1975 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/450834 Views: 8Total views on this site Citations: 12Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1975 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Ming‐Hsuan Lee Land ownership and productivity in early twentieth‐century China: the role of incentives, International Journal of Development Issues 10, no.22 (Jul 2011): 141–153.https://doi.org/10.1108/14468951111149087Nazrul Islam, Kazuhiko Yokota China’s Industrialization Viewed from the Lewis Growth Model, (Jan 2009): 123–148.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230234253_5Nazrul Islam, Kazuhiko Yokota Lewis Growth Model and China's Industrialization*, Asian Economic Journal 22, no.44 (Dec 2008): 359–396.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8381.2008.00282.xT A Asfaha, A Jooste The agricultural input elasticity of rural-urban migration in South Africa, Agrekon 45, no.11 (Mar 2006): 89–105.https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2006.9523736Chunrong Ai, Jean-Louis Arcand, François Éthier Inefficacité marshallienne, partage de coûts et modèles contractuels avec marchés manquants, L'Actualité économique 74, no.33 (Feb 2009): 315–341.https://doi.org/10.7202/602265arM. A. TASLIM A Survey of Theories of Cropshare Tenancy*, Economic Record 68, no.33 (Sep 1992): 254–275.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1992.tb01772.x Bibliography, (May 2014): 235–252.https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666251887.235 Radwan Ali Shaban Testing between Competing Models of Sharecropping, Journal of Political Economy 95, no.55 (Oct 2015): 893–920.https://doi.org/10.1086/261495Keijiro Otsuka, Naoki Murakami RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND EFFICIENCY OF SHARECROPPING UNDER UNCERTAINTY, Asian Economic Journal 1, no.11 (Mar 1987): 125–145.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8381.1987.tb00038.xM.G. Quibria, Salim Rashid The puzzle of sharecropping: A survey of theories, World Development 12, no.22 (Feb 1984): 103–114.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(84)90040-8R. Pearce Sharecropping: Towards a Marxist view, The Journal of Peasant Studies 10, no.2-32-3 (Feb 2008): 42–70.https://doi.org/10.1080/03066158308438196Yukon Huang Backward‐bending supply curves and behaviour of subsistence farmers, The Journal of Development Studies 12, no.33 (Nov 2007): 191–211.https://doi.org/10.1080/00220387608421576

Accounting for Long-Term Leases

Accounting for Long-Term Leases

Valuation of Long-Term Leases

(1969). Valuation of Long-Term Leases. Financial Analysts Journal: Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 29-32.

Accounting for Leases

The increased use of the lease transaction to acquire the services of long term assets has precipitated much discussion. At first, this was directed at the financial statements of lessees. Research Study No. 4 reviewed this aspect of lease presentation at some length,' and Principles Board Opinion (APBO) No. 5 made it clear that disclosure of the essential terms of long-term lease agreements in the reports of the lessee was required if the amounts were material.2 This opinion stated that in those cases where the transactions were essentially equivalent to installment purchases of property.... The property and the obligation be stated in the balance sheet at an appropriate discounted amount of future payments under the lease agreement.... The method of amortizing the amount of the asset to income should be chosen without reference to the period over which the related obligation is discharged. In APBO No. 7, Accounting for Leases in Financial Statements of Lessors, 3 the issue of amortization is given more attention. it is stated, There are two predominant methods in general use for allocating rental revenue and expenses over the accounting periods covered by a lease. These may be termed the 'financing' and the 'operating' methods. Under the financing method, the excess of aggregate rentals over the cost of property on the books of the lessor is viewed as compensation for the use of funds.

Optimal Capacity Scheduling—I

Efficient algorithms are developed optimizing an important class of capacity scheduling models. The specific problem considered can be simply described in terms of contracting for warehousing capacity. Contracts must be let for warehouse capacity over n time periods, with the minimum capacity to be provided in each time period being specified. Savings may be achieved by long-term leasing arrangements or by contracting at favorable periods of time, even though this creates idle capacity at certain time periods. A minimum cost solution to this problem is sought. The mathematical model also applies to problems of equipment replacement and overhaul, checkout, repair, and replacement of stochastically failing equipment, determination of economic lot size, product assortment, and deterministic batch queuing policies, labor-force planning, and multi-commodity warehouse decisions. For some of these problems, such as equipment replacement, the computing algorithms presented are even more efficient than schemes heretofore proposed for simpler versions of the same problem.

Disclosure of Long-Term Leases—A Problem in Communication

Disclosure of Long-Term Leases—A Problem in Communication

Taxation: Federal Income Tax: Lessor's Right to Depreciation Allowances under Long-Term Lease

Taxation: Federal Income Tax: Lessor's Right to Depreciation Allowances under Long-Term Lease

Long-Term Leasing in Urban Renewal: An Alternative Method of Municipal Land Disposition

Long-Term Leasing in Urban Renewal: An Alternative Method of Municipal Land Disposition

The Drafting of Percentage Leases

THE use of percentage leases for commercial establishments is widespread in the United States and is becoming increasingly common in Canada, particularly in the larger cities.' In the ordinary percentage lease the rental payment is established at a fixed percentage of the tenant's sales or receipts. A fixed minimum rent is usually provided, theoretically to assure to the landlord a return sufficient to pay the fixed costs arising from his ownership of the property. The standard formula provides for payment as rent to the landlord of the guaranteed minimum rent or of the percentage of sales (often described as additional rent), whichever is the larger amount. Variations in this form are to be found. The guaranteed minimum rent may be omitted or the percentage applying to sales may vary according to the volume of sales or to the type of goods sold. The guaranteed minimum rent is more likely to be omitted in a long-term lease where it is usual for a tenant to pay the fixed cost of maintaining the property. The popularity of percentage leases arises from their advantages over the ordinary fixed rental lease from the standpoint of both landlords and tenants of commercial premises. For the landlord the return on his investment varies directly with business conditions. In periods of business prosperity the percentage lease provides him with an increased yield from his investment together with a hedge against inflation and rising maintenance costs. Moreover where the rental value of the property is in doubt the landlord may, by lowering or omitting the minimum rent, attract more aggressive tenants to share the business risk. For the tenant operating with a predetermined margin of profit and with a predetermined percentage of this margin allocated to rent, the increased rent presents no undue burden. Conversely, during periods of business decline, diminishing rental payments are matched by falling prices and decreased maintenance costs to the landlord, and the tenant is afforded the advantage of a declining rent in line with his ability to pay. In practice the guaranteed minimum rent may be little less than a normal fixed rent would be and the percentage feature gives the landlord the opportunity to gain from the tenant's business ability. The tenant is usually not averse to this arrangement where he feels that the property location and business outlook more than outweigh any possible increased rent. Possible disadvantages to percentage leases should be pointed out. A competitor operating under a fixed rental lease can reduce his rent, viewed *B.A., LL.B. (Toronto), LL.B. (Harvard). Mr. Landis is presently associated with the Toronto firm of Sinclair, Goodenough, Higginbottom, and McDonnell. IThe rising popularity of percentage leases in the United States is indicated by the addition in 1954 of section K 200. 1, entitled Percentage Rental Agreements, to the West Publishing Company's General Digest of All American Cases, vol. 22.

Lessee-Erected Improvements Securing Long-Term Leases: An Overlooked Depreciation Deduction for the Landlord

Lessee-Erected Improvements Securing Long-Term Leases: An Overlooked Depreciation Deduction for the Landlord

Long-Term Leases and Chapter X Reorganizations: An Expanded Concept of Jurisdiction

Long-Term Leases and Chapter X Reorganizations: An Expanded Concept of Jurisdiction

Executors and Administrators: Liability of Original Lessee's Estate on Assigned Long-Term Lease

Executors and Administrators: Liability of Original Lessee's Estate on Assigned Long-Term Lease

The Myth of Strict Foreclosure

M YTHS in the field of mortgages are many and striking. One of the most striking is the assumption of American students that the English chancellor left the mortgagor virtually unprotected from his mortgagee. It is not difficult to find the reasons for this assumption. In the colonial period of the country the Court of Chancery was in great disrepute.' Time has removed much of the prejudice against doctrines of the chancellor, but in the field of mortgages the prejudice has continued. First, the English system of mortgages seems very primitive to American students. The struggle of junior mortgages to obtain the status of legal charges has confirmed the tradition that the English system of mortgages was very slow in developing, and the hocus-pocus of the long-term lease by which, under the I925 legislation,2 the second mortgage emerged as a legal charge tended to confirm the prejudice. Surely under a system so primitive mortgagors could not have been adequately protected! The second reason for the prejudice is based upon the history of the American law of mortgages. For more than a century the trend of the American law has been toward greater protection for the debtor. Judges and legislators have joined in the effort to improve the position of the mortgagor and yet, as the debacle of the last decade shows, the present American system leaves the mortgagor without adequate protection. The position of mortgagors who did not have the benefit of the century's improvements must have been miserable indeed. But plausible though the argument is, it is unsound. As Professor Maitland told his students at Cambridge, it is not safe to rely upon the form of the English mortgage for it is long suppressio veri and suggestio falsi.3 The unsoundness of the argument is apparent if one considers the developments in the English mortgage law during the past century and

Landlord and Tenant. Long-Term Lease. Avoidance of Liability by Lessee by Assignment

Landlord and Tenant. Long-Term Lease. Avoidance of Liability by Lessee by Assignment

Eminent Domain: Valuation of Leaseholds: Apportionment of Award between Landlord and Tenant in Long-Term Lease

Eminent Domain: Valuation of Leaseholds: Apportionment of Award between Landlord and Tenant in Long-Term Lease

Catalog of Long-Term Leases in Detroit

Catalog of Long-Term Leases in Detroit