Chain Logistics Research Articles

Research of the Competition Level for Manufacturers and Distributors of the Pharmaceutical Market in Ukraine

The article analyzes the development of the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, proves the prospects of this industry in terms of the impact on the national economy and indicators of dynamics in the period from 2018 to 2021. During this period, the influence of global processes on the dynamics of the production indicators and sale of goods in the pharmaceutical market, the impact of the COVID pandemic is assessed and its consequences, as well as the beginning of a full-scale war of the RF against Ukraine.
 A retrospective study about the development of the main players of the pharmaceutical market in Ukraine at all levels of the medical products-representatives movement: from production to distribution of products by distributors, taking into account the national and foreign affiliation of a specific counterparty. The level of market monopolization was evaluated according to the Lind and Herfindahl-Hirschman indices, which are the most common methods among scientists for identifying the level of market concentration. It is illustrated that newly created and small enterprises of the pharmaceutical market, which constitute a competitive environment in the industry, deserve special attention. According to the results of the analysis, enterprises with an extremely high level of market concentration for manufacturers and distributors were also identified: “Farmak” and “Darnytsia” and “Optima-Pharm LTD” and “BaDM”, respectively.
 Among the manufacturers, a comparative analysis of structures in dynamics using the coefficient of structural shifts was additionally applied - to generalize the intensity of changes for 2021 and 2022. In the structure of distributors, particular attention is also paid to the enterprise «Venta LTD», which closes the top three enterprises in the farm industry, but has a risk of nationalization due to the share of Russian capital in the total assets of the enterprise, which gives time to other suppliers to occupy places on the trade niches, forming an oligopoly on market. As a result, specific decisions regarding state regularization as a way to solve the problem of pharmaceutical market monopolization by some of its representatives, related to the main principles of ensuring a competitive environment: transparency, control, support and protection of enterprises, are given to the conducted analysis. The specified information constitutes a promising direction of research – cooperative relations between manufacturers and distributors for the establishment of a logistics chain in today’s conditions.

ASSESSMENT OF AGROBIOMAS POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURE OF UKRAINE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS

The need to develop the potential of agrobiomass for the production of biofuels is justified, which will make it possible to partially ensure the energy security of the state in the conditions of martial law. The volumes of cultivation of the main agricultural crops and the number of livestock in the field of livestock breeding in Ukraine were determined. The structure of the use of fuel and energy resources in the agro-industrial sector of the country was analyzed and the possibility of replacing oil products in the general energy balance with biodiesel and bioethanol was established. It was determined that the volume of rapeseed production in 2022 has increased by 12.9% compared to the previous year, and the increase in the price of gas oil and disruption of the logistics chains of the export of agricultural products determines the economic feasibility of processing this crop. It has been proven that the use of advanced biogas production technologies will make it possible to increase the level of environmental security of the state, optimize the content of humus in the soil due to the use of digestate, and increase the level of energy security of the state. It was determined that the total consumption of fuel and energy resources by agro-industrial complex formations in Ukraine amounted to 3.84 million tons of equivalent fuel or 2.69 million toe, and the total consumption of these resources was 86.4 million toe. It was established that the consumption of energy resources by agro-industrial complex enterprises was only 3.1% of the total consumption. It was determined that using the potential of agro-biomass of the agricultural industry will make it possible to annually obtain: 3.444 billion m3 of biogas, 1.2 million tons of biodiesel, 10.4 million tons of bioethanol, and 1.59 billion tons of solid biofuels from post-harvest residues. It has been established that the use of the energy potential of the agricultural sector will make it possible to almost completely meet the needs of not only this sector of the economy, but also the entire country in gas oil due to the production of biofuel, and the potential of bioethanol production can be partially used for export. The need to develop biofuel production at both agro-industrial complex enterprises and households has been identified. It has been proven that the use of the advanced technologies for transporting liquid digestate and injecting it will reduce the costs of agricultural formations and increase the content of humus in the soil.

Эволюционное развитие технологической основы логистической системы

The evolutionary development of the technological basis of the logistics system is investigated. The analysis of the term “logistics system” is carried out from both general scientific and applied points of view. It is concluded that the management of the logistics system is aimed at optimizing the functioning of the entire set of its elements, i.e. the management of the logistics system is based on a systematic approach. Classifications of logistics systems are considered for various reasons: hierarchy level / scope scale; type of logistics chains used; type of structure; sequence of resource transfer. A new classification feature of logistics systems is proposed – a type of technological basis that reveals the impact of digital transformation on the development of logistics systems. The continuity between the technological foundations of the logistics system, which consists in the progressive development of technologies, is noted: some of the technologies that are already outdated, lose their importance and are not used, and they are replaced by new digital solutions. In the modern economy, logistics systems at different levels of the hierarchy are being transformed, hybrid logistics systems are actively being formed, combining the use of mechanized, automated and digital technologies, which contributes to a more complete integration of business processes within the logistics system.

Clinical condition of cull sows before and after transport to slaughter – Effects of journey duration and a stationary period

This factorial study was part of a project examining potential welfare challenges for cull sows in the pre-slaughter logistic chain, and examined effects of journey duration and presence of a longer pre-planned stop half-way during journeys on their post-transport clinical condition. The sows were transported 4, 6 or 8 h under conditions modelling typical Danish practice. In addition, across 49 journeys, effects of temperature inside the vehicle and time spent waiting before unloading at the slaughterhouse were examined. The results confirmed the findings of our earlier observational study, showing that the clinical conditions of cull sows deteriorated during transport, but also that none of the 578 sows arrived at the slaughterhouse in a condition that would have rendered them unfit for transport. A complex picture was found in relation to the clinical variables affected by journey duration, involvement of a longer pre-planned stop, and/or time spent waiting before unloading. This suggests that several factors contribute to the deterioration of the clinical condition of sows, but not consistently or as unequivocal causal factors, at least within the studied journey durations. Based on the deterioration in their clinical condition, especially for variables associated with heat stress and aggression, and knowing that the amount of time the sows are exposed to hazards such as aggressive pen mates, high temperatures and/or moving vehicles is dependent on the journey duration, keeping journeys as short as possible will most likely be advantageous. Future studies should also focus on how to optimise the social and microclimatic environment.

Перспективное освоение угольных запасов Арктики на основе пространственной организации коммуникаций

In the current conditions of economic instability, the problem of developing the regional space of the Arctic zone, where huge reserves of hydrocarbons and other minerals are concentrated, which are the main driver of the future development of the Arctic economy, is becoming increasingly important. The development of the Arctic region was strongly influenced by the international environment, which, on the one hand, poses a threat to the Arctic mineral projects, and on the other hand, opens up new opportunities for their successful implementation. Against this background, the task of the Arctic coal industry within the framework of spatial and regional development is the territorial and production optimization of production and transportation of coal products. The purpose of the study is to analyze current trends in the development of the coal mining market in the new geo-economic and political conditions, which results in the proposed approaches to the spatial organization of the transport communications system, allowing maximizing the economic and export potential of the prospective development of Arctic coal reserves. It has been established that the current situation greatly affects the energy market. Russian coal market is being transformed under the influence of geo-economic transformations, the formation of new coal mining centers is shifting eastwards closer to the Asia-Pacific region, which will become the main center of coal trade in the near future. The study concludes that the efficiency of the development of Arctic coal reserves directly depends on the spatial organization of a complex system of integrated production and transport corridors (IPTC) that combine the production and logistics chain of mining and transportation of coal products into a single holistically integrated space of sea, coastal and land communications. On the basis of the analysis of the Taimyr coal basin, a priority level for the prospective development of mineral resources has been determined, based on a combination of factors that condition the economic and export potential of coal deposits.

Addressing Human Resource Challenges in the Logistics and Supply Chain Management Industry: Impediments on the Path to Achieving Sustainability

Addressing Human Resource Challenges in the Logistics and Supply Chain Management Industry: Impediments on the Path to Achieving Sustainability

Exploring the Dynamics of Technological Innovation in Contemporary Environments and their Impact on Logistics Management Efficiency: An Empirical Study

The research aims to explore the extent of the impact of the interaction of (the contemporary environment and technological innovation) on the level of efficiency of supply management in the electric power production company in Basra Governorate. To achieve the purpose of this paper, The methodology was by the contents of the descriptive approach, where the theoretical presentation and discussion of the research topic were carried out. The population of the research was the Electric Power Production Company in Basra Governorate. The questionnaire was used as a surevy instrument to collect data from on service employees in the company. The SPSS used to assess the statistics of the data. It became clear from the analysis and discussion that technological innovation significantly enhances the efficiency of logistics management of the Iraqi Energy Production Company in the contemporary environment. Technological innovation was measured to fill the past studies gap to enhance the efficiency of logistics chain management, because we rarely find in Arab and foreign studies that have dealt with three variables, and this paper provides added scientific value to researchers in the field Electrical energy in Iraq, and the economic value of the company.

Running Freight on the River. A Clean Cargo Prefiguration

We are interested in exploring the types of futures that are preferable for us all. Discussions of preferable futures can be made difficult by a lack of understanding of the lived experience of that possible future. We like to think that some wise person once said: “I hear futures and I forget. I see futures and I remember. I do futures and I understand.” In order to explore scenarios of possible futures, we thus look into experiential modalities. This exposition examines our Danube Clean Cargo project. The prefigurative process imagined what small scale localised transport could be like and attempted to run a pilot scheme. Reporting on that, merging the quantitative, qualitative and experiential aspects of the project, we present some resulting insights and imaginations. The project leaves us with speculations and visions drawn out by the process of prefiguration. It also leaves us with questions around heterotopic instantiations, queered economics and the everyday to be pondered as artistic research. This helps us reflect on the process of imagination and speculation, on dreams of various freedoms and the harsh realities of logistics chains. The exposition develops ideas in both internal and external reflective modes. The exposition is oriented along a chart of the Danube river for the region of interest. Along the south bank of the Danube the project and its internal reflections are arrayed as episodic text fragments, leading up to a short vision that echoes older stories of sailing cargo barges. Along the north bank a more external reflection is positioned, bringing the project and its understandings into context with a collection of previous developments and external references. The entire exposition is arranged as a single page paper nautical chart, which in contrast to a digital chart plotter, always displays all of the information and does not hide features. This exposition is part of Curiouser and Curiouser, cried Alice: Rebuilding Janus from Cassandra and Pollyanna (CCA), an art-based research project from Design Investigations (ID2) at the University of Applied Arts Vienna and Time's Up. It is supported by the Programme for Arts-based Research (PEEK) from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): AR561.

Resource Potential of the Oil and Gas Complex of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Its Development Prospects

Abstract. In recent years, the Russian oil and gas complex has been undergoing sanctions and restrictions related to the political situation in the country and in the world, which negatively affects the economic development of the country. The consequences of sanctions include: disruption of logistics of export supplies of oil and gas raw materials, replacement of Russian hydrocarbons with supplies from other countries, reduction of foreign investment and participation of foreign companies in Russian oil and gas projects, restriction of imports for the supply of equipment and technologies, etc. First of all, these problems cause the need to expand sales markets and build new production and logistics chains, replacing imported equipment and technologies with domestic ones. In order to solve the difficult economic relations that have arisen with the EU countries, it is proposed to redirect the market for oil and gas raw materials towards Asian countries. In this regard, the study of oil and gas resources of the Far East, including the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is a very relevant task. The purpose of this article is to identify the level of availability of mineral resources of the oil and gas complex. The object of the study is the oil and gas complex of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): industrial balance reserves and forecast resources of oil and gas fields in the region, and the main subsurface users of oil and gas fields. The subject of the study is the analysis and assessment of the state of the mineral resource base of the oil and gas resources of the region and the prospects for its development. Based on the analysis of the current state of the potential of the oil and gas resources of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), as well as a review of the global oil and gas market, promising directions for the development of the regional oil and gas complex are identified in the article.

CO2 Marine Transportation from a Techno-Energetic Perspective

CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage) is a cornerstone of most proposed carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions strategies, as it is necessary to keep atmospheric CO2 concentrations below 450 parts per million by the year 2100 and, as such, prevent global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts a removal capacity of 12 GtCO2/yr by 2050, whereas the present capability is 41 MtCO2/yr. Decarbonization may not be able to proceed quickly enough to reach net-zero emissions without CCUS technologies. In the maritime sector, CCUS serves a dual purpose: capturing CO2 from fossil fuel combustion and transporting the captured CO2 for its storage or utilization. This paper examines the importance of vessels as liquid CO2 carriers, emphasizing the transportation conditions associated with CO2. A techno-energetic analysis is carried out by studying various combinations of temperature and pressure. From a transport viewpoint, the findings indicate that reducing CO2 pressure is more cost-effective. In terms of pre-processing, higher CO2 pressures may lead to energy and, potentially, cost savings. However, the optimal pressure in the entire logistical chain remains uncertain. Further research is advised to broaden the scope of the chain to be analyzed.

CONCEPTUAL PROVISIONS OF THE FORMATION OF CARGO FLOWS OF MARITIME TRANSPORT OF UKRAINE IN THE SECURITY MEASURE IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD

Topicality. Formation of cargo flows is an important component of modern logistics and supply chain. Today, the transport system, especially water transport, is in a state of turbulence. In modern conditions, when Ukraine is left without a key logistics chain, it is necessary to focus attention precisely on the importance and role of Ukrainian sea transport in the formation of cargo flows that ensure food security. That is why there is a need to review the economic approaches used to regulate cargo flows and the need to develop a general guiding course for the post-war recovery of maritime logistics traffic by shaping cargo flows in the context of the global sefety system.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to develop conceptual provisions regarding the formation of cargo flows by maritime transport of Ukraine in the context of global security based on individual reference markets, in particular, types of cargo transportation in the post-war period. The tasks that must be solved in order to achieve the set goal: a) analysis of cargo flows and cargo volumes for the period from 2017 to 2023, to single out among the full nomenclature of cargoes the main markets that can be relied on in the post-war period, during the revival of maritime logistics traffic; b) give a brief description of the current state of the markets of selected cargoes; to develop and propose conceptual provisions for the formation of cargo flows in the context of global navigation sefety on the basis of reference markets.Materials and Methods. This study is based on the use of conceptual provisions on the formation of cargo flows to solve the problems of food security and the global shipping security system. The methods of: graphic method, statistical analysis, system analysis, economic analysis on the example of cargo flows of water transport are applied.Reserch results. The authors of the study conducted a thorough analysis of cargo flows of various types of products that can be exported abroad by sea transport. The indicators presented in the article highlight the economic trends of domestic cargo flows of products transported by the sea corridor. Thus, an analytical study of the formation of cargo flows in the section of each seaport of Ukraine for the period from 2017 to 2021, i.e. the pre-war period, was conducted. The importance and expediency of using Ukrainian sea transport in ensuring global cargo flows is substantiated. The authors formed a concept regarding the formation of cargo flows by maritime transport of Ukraine in terms of security.Conclusion. Thus, the borders of some EU countries remain closed for the export of Ukrainian grain (only transit to distant European ports), we believe that Ukraine should keep its sights on third countries that directly depend on domestic grain and agri-food, namely: Indonesia, the Philippines, Morocco, India, PSA (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Singapore) and African countries. After russia broke the agreement and began massively destroying the port infrastructure of seaports and river ports on the Danube, the Government is now opening "temporary sea corridors" that carry out transportation under the protection of the Armed Forces Navy. Therefore, from August 2023, transshipment of grain and oil takes place exclusively through the "temporary grain corridor" and the Danube ports. The total amount of export of agricultural products amounted to 3.6 million tons, out of the planned 6 million tons.

Безопасность данных в цифровых портах: вызовы и возможные решения

The article presents the results of analyzing the dynamics of growth of cyberattacks on the maritime logistics industry, which allowed to identify the key aspects of digital vulnerability of this industry. The relevance is due to the annual increase in the number of cyberattacks on the activities of digital seaports and the growing volume of economic losses from the occurrence of such events. The classification of threats to the digital environment was performed, the causes and potential economic consequences of these threats for the main participants of the logistics chain, including port operators and carriers, were clarified. The main digital tools aimed at reducing cyber vulnerability of digital ports and reducing economic losses are systematized and analyzed. It is conclud-ed that it is necessary and economically feasible to further develop and implement digital tools in the field of maritime logistics to improve its security and efficiency.

STUDY OF EXPORT FREIGHT FLOWS OF GRAIN FROM UKRAINE

Purpose. After the beginning of the full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation against our country, most of the logistics chains, including those related to ensuring the export of grain, were disrupted. The current system of transportation is focused on the transportation of grain to the western borders with further transshipment to wagons of the European track, which is a difficult and expensive option. In order to ensure the restoration of full-fledged grain export, it is advisable to conduct research on the origins and volume of grain movement, transportation routes and alternative options. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to determine the main points of origin and repayment of cargo flows of grain export connections in Ukraine and to determine the direction of improvement of transport and technological lines of grain export from Ukraine in global supply chains. The volumes of car-go flow generation at the railway stations of Ukraine were analyzed. The scientific methods and methods of im-proving the transport and technological lines of grain export are substantiated. Methods. An analysis of literary sources was carried out, which made it possible to establish that the port direction is the main one for grain transportation. The peculiarity of the formation of export grain cargo flows is analyzed. Methods of mathematical statistics, probability theory, theory of sets, theory of algorithms, theory of transport processes and systems, theory of systems are used. It has been established that the distribution of the volumes of seed cargo flows by railway stations of departure in the 2021 / 2022 marketing year is mostly subject to asymmetric distribution laws. The smallest deviation is observed with Cauchy and Gamma distribution approximations. A statistical analysis of wagon flows with grain loads was performed, which allowed us to obtain the following results: the mathematical expectation is 55.8 wagons, the standard deviation is 58.0 wagons, the coefficient of variation is 1.04. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty obtained as a result of the research to which the article is devoted is the obtained approximate density of the distribution of the volumes of grain cargo flows at the railway stations of departure (on the example of the 2021 / 2022 marketing year). Practical significance. The mathematical expectation and level of correlation of the origin of grain cargo flows at the railway stations of departure are established (on the example of the 2021 / 2022 marketing year). In further studies, the obtained results will be used as initial data for modeling the operation of the grain cargo transportation system in the direction of the western borders, and in the future - in the direction of the Black Sea ports of Ukraine.

DEVELOPMENT OF A LOGISTICS SCHEME FOR CROSSING THE BORDER WITH THE EU BY TRAILER TRAINS WHEN TRANSPORTING GRAIN GROUP LOADS

Purpose. One of the problems that arises when crossing the land border with the EU countries by rail or road, when transporting grain cargo, is the need for phytosanitary control. It involves taking samples of cargo and performing laboratory analyzes. Customs clearance of cargo without this procedure is impossible in Ukraine. The need for phytosanitary inspection of grain cargo after crossing the border is a requirement of EU legislation for import or transit through the territory of these countries. The organization of combined transportation of grain cargo in interstate traffic in transit through Eastern European countries towards seaports is certainly an urgent task. This is confirmed by the redistribution of grain exports with an increasing share of these cargoes moving through western crossings. The organization of combined containerized transportation is conditioned by the limited processing capacity of transshipment points and railcar change points at border stations. The purpose of this article is to build a logistics chain for crossing the border by container trains running from Khyriv station of the regional branch of Lviv Railway to Przemysl-Bakonczyce station of Polish State Railways, subject to preliminary phytosanitary control directly at Khyriv station under the control of the Polish side. The article also solves the problem of building a train schedule with the coordination of the duration and schedule of working hours of the locomotive crews of the freight locomotives of the Polish State Railways at Medyka or Przemyśl stations. Methods. Methods of production process control and methods of schedule theory were used. Findings. The sequence and duration of technological operations performed at the Khyriv station, which are 1.2 hours, provided that cars are ready for departure in an amount sufficient to fill all train platforms, have been developed. The consumption of locomotive hours for running a counter-railer train between the initial and final stations is calculated, which is 4.7 hours. It is established that during a 12-hour work shift of the locomotive crew of Polish State Railways, two trains can be serviced with a departure interval between them in the range of 5...7 hours. Practical value. The results of this work can be used in the development and construction of schedules for the movement of container trains in cross-border traffic.

The construction of rural e-commerce and logistics synergistic development model based on the coupling model

Abstract By connecting the consumption and demand of the city and the countryside through the use of e-commerce platforms and logistics as an intermediary bridge, this study creates a model for the synergistic growth of rural e-commerce and logistics. A multi-dimensional index system is created by combining the actual state of rural e-commerce and logistics, using Shaanxi Province as an example. The degree of coordination between logistics and e-commerce can be ascertained by applying the coupling coordination model. Determine the weights of the indicators to solve for the level of coordinated development, the degree of linked coordination, the degree of rural e-commerce and logistics coupling, and the coordination level of each year using the entropy value technique. Together with the gray correlation degree, we will examine the crucial elements of optimizing the logistics chain for rural e-commerce. According to the study, rural e-commerce and logistics have a coupling coordination degree of 0.0913 in 2010 and 0.6347 in 2019. The degree of coupling coordination between the two is increasing, indicating a major coordination degree in 2019.

ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM IN THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY MODEL

The purpose of the article is to model the ecological system in the circular economy model. To realize the goal, the method of mathematical modeling was used when creating models of the ecological system. It is proposed to understand under the ecological system the logistics system as a set of elements-links interconnected in the process of managing the movement of direct and reverse logistics flows, which takes into account the eco-destructive impact on the environment. An ecological system, like any system, has the following properties: integrity, divisibility, organization, structuredness, integrability, emergentity, purposefulness. In addition, the ecological system has properties typical for the logistics system: complexity, openness, stochasticity, heterogeneity and multifunctionality, dynamism and adaptability. The ecological system also has specific characteristics: environmental friendliness, closedness. The ecological system is considered at the micro, meso and macro levels. At the micro level, the elements of the ecological system are the functional units of the organization's logistics, including the unit responsible for reverse logistics. At the meso- and macro-levels, the ecological system is represented by the enterprises - participants of the logistics chain. The analysis of logistics specialists research allowed us to identify the following approaches to modeling the ecological chain: organizational, flow, process. The main difference between the approaches is the understanding of the essence of the chain and the elements that make it up. A necessary condition for the successful functioning of the ecological chain is the coordination of the principles of process and flow approaches. It is proposed to form chains of processes according to the direction of flow. In this case, the logistics process is considered as an element of the value creation process. Ecological system modeling based on the use of the reverse logistics model was improved, which covers not only the collection and transportation of materials and goods, but also value-added activities such as testing, sorting, recovery, recycling and redistribution and is a major factor contributing to the expansion of implementation approaches to the circular economy in various branches of the national economy.

Digital Analysis of Logistics and Supply Chain Management Innovation of E-commerce Enterprises in Green Economy

Abstract This paper centers on the logistics and supply chain management of e-commerce enterprises, studies the development mode of e-commerce logistics as well as the logistics process, and constructs a collaborative innovation model of e-commerce logistics integration based on supply chain management. Through the synergistic composite system in the role of management activities, the harmonious coexistence between the various components of the subsystem order parameter in order to achieve the overall effect of the system. The dynamic evolution process of consumers, e-commerce platforms and logistics enterprises is simulated and analyzed, and the optimal decision-making under the integrated collaborative innovation mode is studied. The results show that under the platform warehousing + distribution integration synergy (SP) mode, the double marginal effect is 0.865, and both e-commerce platform and logistics enterprises reach a steady state at 0.723. The purpose of this paper is to propose innovative supply chain management and logistics warehousing solutions that can achieve cross-border e-commerce logistics integration based on supply chain management.

INTEGRATION OF LOGISTICS FUNCTIONAL AREAS AND THE PLACE OF WAREHOUSING IN THEM

Warehousing logistics is a branch of logistics that deals with the development of effective methods for organizing warehousing, managing the procurement system, receiving, placing, accounting for inventory and inventory management in order to minimize costs associated with warehousing and processing of goods.As a complex technical structure, a warehouse consists of numerous interconnected elements, has a specific structure and performs the functions of transforming material flows, accumulating, processing and distributing goods among consumers. The possible variety of parameters, technological and space-planning solutions, designs of technological and handling equipment and characteristics of a diverse range of goods processed in warehouses classify warehouses as complex systems. At the same time, the warehouse itself is just an element of a higher-level system -the logistics chain, which forms the basic and technical requirements for the warehouse logistics subsystem, sets goals and criteria for its optimal functioning, and dictates the conditions for cargo processing.

Innovative technologies in supply chains

The article reveals the essential and substantive basis of supply chains, the main tasks. The main elements of the interaction of the material flow on the path of its movement have been studied. The relevance and necessity of using new information technologies in logistics and, in particular, in supply chain management is determined. Digital technologies are the basis of modernity, it is one of the promising areas of development of the world economy. The use of these technologies in logistics processes in the conditions of Industry 4.0 led to the emergence of the concept of "smart logistics". Thanks to smart technologies, the time of many processes in both marketing and logistics is reduced. You can reduce the speed of product delivery and its quality. The development of the digital economy in Ukraine is aimed at creating motivation, forming needs for the use of digital technologies to increase production volumes, increase competitiveness and national development in accordance with the "Concept of the Development of the Digital Economy and Society of Ukraine for 2018-2020" [1]. This concept notes the growing demand for the use of digital processes in various industries. The concept of "smart logistics" is equated with "intelligent logistics" or "intelligent logistics", which involves the optimization of information logistics flows that contribute to the automation of processes. That is, with the help of smart-logistics tools (information systems), efficiency increases in those processes where they are used. The movement of material flow in logistics chains requires the storage of certain stocks in warehouses. Accordingly, warehousing also needs to improve the efficiency of its activities, as well as the transportation system. The purpose of this article is to define the concept of smart logistics, its meaning and key elements. Key information technologies used in supply chain management are analyzed in the work, and the stages of their application are highlighted. The introduction of smart technologies in logistics determines clearer processes and priorities for the use of digital innovations in the company's activities.

Оптимизация логистических маршрутов в целях сохранения безопасности поставки товаров в Российскую Федерацию в контуре параллельного импорта

In the context of economic uncertainty, it is difficult to control the business processes of organizations depend-ent on the import component in order to minimize risks in many (if not all) industries. Nowadays, the activities of organizations have become affected by negative factors, which include the implementation of sanctions policy by unfriendly countries, violation of foreign trade logistics routes, refusal of counterparties-importers to fulfill contractual obligations, withdrawal of foreign companies from the Russian market, and many others. Such phenomena as parallel imports, indirect and gray imports, new logistics chains and creative economic solu-tions have become a response to the challenges of the external environment. The aim of the article is to con-sider not only opportunities, but also limitations associated with the use of parallel import resources. In search of optimal solutions, an analysis of logistics routes for the supply of goods to the Russian Federation as part of parallel imports was carried out using the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis – data convolution analysis) meth-od to confirm the effectiveness of individual directions. Delivery times, customs clearance costs, and the cost of transit through the EAEU were selected as input parameters, and rating, service, and supply volumes were se-lected as weekends.