Sequential Circuits Research Articles

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Materi Posisi Dan Bayangan Matahari Siswa Kelas II Melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Picture and Picture

Picture and picture is a cooperative learning model that supports cooperation by involving image media that are sorted and paired into a logical sequence. The aim of this research is to determine the improvement in Natural Sciences (IPA) learning outcomes regarding the position and shadow of the sun through the picture and picture type cooperative learning model for class II students at SDN Tanjung Barat 09. This research uses a mixed approach, with a Classroom Action Research design consists of pre-cycle, cycle I, cycle II. The participants who took action were the class teacher and class II students at SDN Tanjung Barat 09, totaling 26 students. The implementation procedure refers to the model developed by Kemmis and MC Taggart where the cycle consists of four stages, namely: planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The data collection techniques used in this research are: observation, field notes, tests, and documents. This research begins with the pre-cycle stage, where students still experience difficulties in studying science material regarding the position and shadow of the sun with a completion percentage of 42.30%. From the Pre-Cycle results, there were 26 students who took part in the learning. The highest score was 90 and the lowest score was 40. Meanwhile, the results of Cycle 1 can be proven by an increase in the average score of 74.38 in Cycle I, to 78.7 and in the results of Cycle II with a presentation completion reached 80.80% from previously only 65.40%. By using the right learning model, Natural Science (Science) lessons become more enjoyable. Based on the research results above, it can be concluded that the picture and picture type cooperative learning model can improve the learning outcomes of class II students and raise students' enthusiasm and motivation in the learning process.

APPLICATION OF STRATEGIC PLANNING IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF POLAND FOR UKRAINE

The paper presents theoretical, methodological and practical principles for creating a coherent system of strategic planning, taking into account European experience in organising this process. The characteristics of the Ukraine 2020 Sustainable Development Strategy and the rural development strategy are outlined. The methodology of strategic planning is examined, analysing the system and hierarchical construction of development strategies. A general logical sequence of procedures for developing and implementing development strategies at different levels is formulated. Approaches to strategic planning for rural development are also analysed, emphasising the importance of rural development in European Union Member States and outlining sources of agricultural funding. It is noted that in the current economic conditions European countries are shifting from subsidy strategies to grant strategies for specific agricultural development programmes. The situation of strategic planning in Ukraine is presented in comparison with the Polish system, highlighting its development stages and strategic planning principles. Special attention is given to the Polish experience in multifunctional rural development planning. The aim of the paper is to study the peculiarities of the use of strategic planning for rural development in Ukraine and Poland. The research is based on the analysis of statistical data, scientific literature and strategic documents, using dialectical methods for understanding the impact of economic laws, systematic approaches to studying economic phenomena, as well as monographic, abstract-logical and abstract methods. The research findings propose recommendations for further effective planning in Ukraine based on the Polish experience. Ukraine is in the early stages of strategic planning, and monitoring and evaluation of strategies are still of a recommendatory nature. Comprehensive evaluations have not yet been included in academic publications. In this context, it would be particularly important to incorporate insights and content guidelines from Polish strategic documents in order to better conceptualise and subsequently implement new strategy editions more effectively. The research led to the development of a comprehensive and logical sequence of procedures for preparing and implementing rural development strategies at different territorial levels. The paper emphasises the priority of rural development in EU Member States. The state of strategic planning in Ukraine is compared with Poland, taking into account both stages and principles. The paper highlights the Polish experience in multifunctional rural development planning, covering three planning perspectives: 2004-2005, 2007-2013 and 2014-2020.

(Invited) Sequential 3D Integration of Ge Transistors on Si CMOS

In order to keep the scaling progress going is to go 3D. This paper outlines some technology challenges and solutions to integrate Ge p-type MOSFETs sequentially on Si CMOS. Such a solution addresses the grand challenge to enable increased device density. However, the device itself does not have to scale but at the same time innovative solutions are suggested for low supply voltage operation enabling energy efficient integrated circuits (ICs) that will not be dominated by energy consumption in interconnects.By stacking the transistors on top of each other, and connect them with inter-tier via, the density of transistors per unit area increases. This approach demands that transistors are fabricated at a lower temperature compared to today’s Si CMOS technology. Therefore, we have focused on Ge based transistors, which has an inherently lower process temperature compared to Si transistors.In this paper several technological and design breakthroughs towards realizing Ge based sequential 3D circuits will be shown. We will present: A process to realize thin single crystalline Ge layers on planarized wafers with metal layers in lower tiers.A gate dielectric stack (Ge/Si/TmSiO/Tm2O3/HfO2/TiN) on Ge that enables adequately low defect densities at the dielectric/Ge interface allowing predictable and reliable Ge transistorsFully depleted Ge pFET devices fabricated at a low temperature compatible with sequential 3D. The devices exhibits 60% higher mobility compared to reference Si devices.3D digital circuits with pFETs on top of nFETs can enable area reduction by 30-50% depending on cell type.3D standard cells with lower parasitic capacitance (~30%) compared to 2D cells, enabling lower dynamic power consumption and more energy efficient integrated circuits.

Узагальнення рішення задачі довгострокового планування в комерційному банку

The article presents the economic and mathematical justification of the methods of managing the financial resources of a commercial bank, i.e. income assets and operating liabilities. The presented study in a logical sequence highlights: the general statement of the task, that is, the definition of the content and selection of vector values of financial flows; the task of managing the bank's financial resources; the economic-mathematical model representation of financial flows; an algorithm for implementing economic and mathematical modeling of the bank's financial flows. A brief analysis of the state of Ukraine's banking sector in 2022 was also carried out, focusing on a monitoring program creation for Ukraine by the IMF. Emphasis was placed on the expansion of the application of sectoral sanctions against the aggressor country, as well as, if necessary, on the state-owned banks capitalization by the state in order to increase their stability on the market.

Review of Marcel Bakirov’s book “Меn de ber fiker” (“A Thousand and One Thoughts”) (Kazan: “Khalkybyz mirasy” Publishing House, 2023. 536 p.)

The purpose of the article is to convey to the reader the essence of Marcel Bakirov’s book “Men de ber fiker” (“A Thousand and One Thoughts”) and to determine the place of the book, chosen as our research object, in the field of literary criticism and folklore. The article establishes the author’s purpose of writing this philosophical-sounding book and its target readers.The article highlights the scientific value of this voluminous book, consisting of three chapters, and proves that the individual articles, presented in the chapters, describe various aspects of the scholar’s work, they are compiled in a logical sequence, forming a single whole.The research articles, presented in the first two chapters of the book, help to understand the work of the prominent scholar who has lived a long and hard life, who is conducting studies in the field of literary criticism, the history of poetry and folkloristics. The third chapter expresses the author’s desire to transfer research results to other scholars, to be loyal to the chosen profession and reveals the secrets of achieving great success. It is proven that such work is very important for aspiring young scholars.

Coumarin-Conjugated Macromolecular Probe for Sequential Stimuli-Mediated Activation.

Protein bioconjugation has emerged as one of the most valuable tools for the development of protein-based biochemical assays. Here, we report a fluorescent macromolecular material, RF16_Halo, in which the coumarin derivative RF16 is specifically conjugated onto HaloTag protein to achieve a dual-stimuli-mediated fluorescence response. RF16 is first obtained by installing a H2O2-sensitive boron cage onto the C7 hydroxy moiety of the coumarin fluorophore with a HaloTag ligand attaching to the pH-labile 1,3-dioxane moiety. Upon stimulation, RF16_Halo exhibits a sequential fluorescence response to H2O2/pH at both liquid and solid interfaces. The fluorescence of the RF16_Halo-based protein film increases linearly toward H2O2 with a higher sensitivity when compared with that of RF16. Subsequently, the H2O2-cleaved RF16_Halo presents a pH-dependent fluorescence decrease under acidic conditions. Such a stimulus-responsive fluorescence "off-on-off" multimode enables RF16_Halo to be applied as a sequential logic circuit. In addition, we evaluate the fluorescence labeling ability of RF16 to intracellular IRE1_Halo protein and demonstrate that RF16 containing the HaloTag ligand could be precisely retained in cells to track IRE1_Halo protein. Hence, we provide a unique structural design strategy to construct a fluorescence dual-responsive macromolecular probe for information encryption and protein tracking in cells.

Nanoscale Reconfigurable Si Transistors: From Wires to Sheets and Unto Multi‐Wire Channels

AbstractIn this work, bottom‐up Al–Si–Al nanowire (NW) heterostructures are presented, which act as a prototype vehicle toward top‐down fabricated nanosheet (NS) and multi‐wire (MW) reconfigurable field‐effect transistors (RFETs). Evaluating the key parameters of these transistors regarding the on‐ and off‐currents as well as threshold voltages for n‐ and p‐type operation exhibit a high degree of symmetry. Most notably also a low device‐to‐device variability is achieved. In this respect, the investigated Al–Si material system reveals its relevance for reconfigurable logic cells obtained from Si NSs. To show the versatility of the proposed devices, this work reports on a combinational wired‐AND gate obtained from a multi‐gate RFET. Additionally, up‐scaling the current is achieved by realizing a MW RFET without compromising reconfigurability. The Al–Si–Al platform has substantial potential to enable complex adaptive and self‐learning combinational and sequential circuits with energy efficient and small footprint computing paradigms as well as for native components for hardware security circuits.

Австрійська школа як напрям дослідження в економіці – правда та міфи

The article is concerned with studying of the Austrian school of economics, comparison of approaches of different representatives of the school to the analysis of basic economic phenomena and processes, determining differences between scientists' views and their research methods. The importance of the ideas of Austrian economists for modern economic theory in the context of interaction between the state and the market is emphasized. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical concepts of the Austrian school in the context of the search for new theoretical approaches to solve modern economic problems. The methods of comparative studies and the problem-personified approach to the study of the history of economic ideas are used. A comparison of the main ideas of the representatives of the Austrian school is carried out in historical and logical sequence. The results of the study give a description of the main theses of Carl Menger, Friedrich von Hayek, Ludwig von Mises and their scientific followers. The nature of prices and subjective valuation as well as price stabilization policy are revealed in the paper according to Austrian tradition. Attention is paid to the subjective approach, namely subjective information and costs. It is emphasized that entrepreneurship is a major force and Austrian believe that an entrepreneur's profit comes from the assumption of simple identification of risk with error. Today, the Austrian approach is of particular relevance, according to which it is impossible to scientifically know what will happen tomorrow, since it depends mainly on knowledge and information that has not yet been created in the entrepreneurial process. The results of research are important for understanding the need to revival of interest in this strand of economics, which for decades had been treated marginally in textbooks of economic thought. Austrian theoretical approaches should be used to analyze the processes of modern economic development and solve complex multifaceted economic problems.

Two Wars for One Life: Verbalisation of Experience During the War

Abstract This article examines the oral recollections of Leonida Stanislavivna Panchyk, born in 1939 in Makariv district, Kyiv region, where she has lived all her life. The oral recollections were recorded from February 26 to March 5, 2022, during the beginning of the active phase of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The uniqueness and special value of the presented records lies in the fact that they demonstrate the living life of the Ukrainian narrative tradition. The recorded narrative is a direct reaction to the war. The analysed material and the study of the living situation gave grounds to distinguish the following three groups of reasons that caused the emergence of a memory: characters, events, place. The associative logical sequence of plots in memories is described. All the stories are a child’s memories and primarily describe events that are important to the child. Panchyk’s memories are sustained in one ideological, thematic and genre direction, they are not diluted by other themes or genres.

Comprehensive and Comparative Analysis of QCA-based Circuit Designs for Next-generation Computation

For the past several decades, VLSI design has been focused on lowering the size, power, and delay. As of now, this miniaturization does not seems to be a possible way to address the demands of consumers. Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology is a promising technique that is able to provide low-power high-speed circuits at nano-scale. Much work has been done in this area where the researchers have proposed a variety of combinational and sequential logic circuits for future computation. This article presents a concrete review of design approaches, logic circuits, clocking schemes, implementation tools, and possible fabrication methodologies presented so far in QCA technology. A critical comparative analysis is provided on the basis of reported performance parameters in the domain. The aim of this article is to collect all necessary information into a single source, highlight the research challenges to be taken in the near future, and enlighten the path for upcoming researchers in the area.

A Construction Method of a Sequential Decision Chain for Unmanned-Ship Autonomous Collision Avoidance Based on Human-Like Thinking

As one of the key technologies restricting the development of intelligent ships, autonomous collision avoidance has attracted the attention of many scholars all over the world. Existing research on collision-avoidance behavior focuses more on collision risk assessment and local path-planning methods for studies on the human-like sequential logic of the whole collision-avoidance process, as well as the decision-making process of various stages. Further in-depth thinking is needed urgently. Based on this, a construction method of a human-like sequential decision chain for the autonomous collision avoidance of unmanned ships is proposed through the construction of a collision-avoidance rule base and strategy set, efficient data access based on the Knowledge Graph concept, global collision risk assessment considering sequential decision process, and the construction of a complete collision-avoidance logic process to simulate the decision-making process of humans in complex multi-ship encounters in open waters. For multi-ship encounter scenarios, considering the sequential decision-making process of collision avoidance, a method was proposed to divide the collision risk of the target ship into direct collision risk and potential collision risk. The validity and reliability of the constructed sequential decision chain are verified by simulation experimental results. The results show that the method is effective for collision avoidance (especially multi-ship collision avoidance) in open waters and can provide a theoretical basis and technical support with good interpretability for the decision-making process of an unmanned ship’s autonomous collision avoidance.

Zn(II) Induces Fibril Formation and Antifungal Activity in Shepherin I, An Antimicrobial Peptide from Capsella bursa-pastoris.

Shepherin I is a glycine- and histidine-rich antimicrobial peptide from the root of a shepherd's purse, whose antimicrobial activity was suggested to be enhanced by the presence of Zn(II) ions. We describe Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes of this peptide, aiming to understand the correlation between their metal binding mode, structure, morphology, and biological activity. We observe a logical sequence of phenomena, each of which is the result of the previous one: (i) Zn(II) coordinates to shepherin I, (ii) causes a structural change, which, in turn, (iii) results in fibril formation. Eventually, this chain of structural changes has a (iv) biological consequence: The shepherin I-Zn(II) fibrils are highly antifungal. What is of particular interest, both fibril formation and strong anticandidal activity are only observed for the shepherin I-Zn(II) complex, linking its structural rearrangement that occurs after metal binding with its morphology and biological activity.

Integrated circuit design based on CMOS technology principle and its application in GPU

In today's society, the application of integrated circuit technology can be seen everywhere, especially in the past two decades. This paper mainly studies the principle and design of CMOS devices in IC technology and discusses the research and analysis of the acceleration algorithm of IC design. This paper adopts the research method of literature review and analysis to summarize the existing research results. This paper first introduces the development background of integrated circuit technology and the importance of CMOS technology. Subsequently, the concept and interconnection principle of CMOS device, and the combined circuit design and sequential logic circuit design principle of dynamic and static CMOS are explained in detail. Then, the application principle of CMOS technology in GPU is analyzed, and its specific application in GPU acceleration algorithm is analyzed. Finally, the application of CMOS technology in integrated circuits and its application and acceleration effect are summarized.

Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers and the ascidian hypothesis.

In 1830, Cuvier and Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire confronted each other in a famous debate on the unity of the animal kingdom, which permeated the zoology of the 19th century. From that time, a growing number of naturalists attempted to understand the large-scale relationships among animals. And among all the questions, that of the origin of vertebrates was one of the most controversial. Analytical methods based on comparative anatomy, embryology and paleontology were developed to identify convincing homologies that would reveal a logical sequence of events for the evolution of an invertebrate into the first vertebrate. Within this context, several theories have clashed on the question of the identity of the ancestor of vertebrates. Among the proposals, a group of rather discrete organisms, the ascidians, played a central role. Because he had discovered an ascidian with a particularly atypical larval development, the Molgula, Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers, a rigorous and meticulous naturalist, became involved in the ascidian hypothesis. While the visionary mind of Lacaze-Duthiers led him to establish a particularly innovative methodology and the first marine biology station in Europe, at Roscoff, the tailless tadpole of the Molgula prevented him from recognizing the ancestor of vertebrates. This old 19th century story echoes the ever-present questions driving the field of Eco-Evo-Devo.

Fault Mechanism and Improvement in the Augmented Railgun Excitation Circuit

The augmented electromagnetic railgun has demonstrated more potent electromagnetic force, a low excitation current, and less rail thermal damage, showing good potential in heavy load launch. However, the augmented railgun’s load characteristics differ from the conventional double-rail railgun. In the augmented railgun launching experiment, it was found that the fly-wheel diode was damaged, and the capacitive power supply could not discharge fully, which led to residual energy and lower energy utilization. This paper began with the characteristics of the sequential trigger circuit, followed by the causes of the above faults, as well as the corresponding solutions. Based on the conventional excitation circuit, fault detection experiments were carried out first, and the fault mechanism was clarified. Furthermore, according to the solutions proposed, the conventional excitation circuit was improved so that it can work normally when a heavy inductance was loaded. Finally, the sequential trigger experiment was carried out again with the same circuit parameters. The research results showed that the fly-wheel diode could work normally after the circuit was improved, and the problem of residual energy could also be solved effectively. Moreover, the output performance was almost unaffected.

The Great Reset – a key for transformation of Bulgarian agriculture

This scientific article explores the potential of The Great Reset initiative to revive Bulgarian agriculture by proposing a transformative approach to address the critical challenges faced by the sector. The paper employs a logical sequence of analysis and argumentation beginning with a literature review on The Great Reset and its potential impact on the sector. The analysis highlights the pressing need for a structural reform in Bulgarian agriculture. The paper proposes a reframing process to address these challenges through The Great Reset framework, drawing on insights and findings to develop specific recommendations for policymakers, farmers, and other stakeholders. The results section of the paper highlights the potential impact of The Initiative on the transformation of Bulgarian agriculture. The discussion section analyzes the positive and negative correlation between The Great Reset policies and the transformation of Bulgarian agriculture. The paper concludes that The Great Reset is not only desirable, but could also be a necessary catalyst for the transformation of Bulgarian agriculture. The conclusion section provides practical guidance for stakeholders seeking to embrace a divergent vision for the sector. This scientific article offers a convincing case for why The Great Reset initiative can be crucial for the transformation of Bulgarian agriculture. It underscores the importance of a holistic, collaborative, and forward-looking approach that can help unlock the potential of Bulgarian agriculture and position it for long-term sustainability and growth. As such, it contributes to the ongoing debates about the future of agriculture in Bulgaria and offers action oriented recommendations. Keywords: Great Reset, agriculture, Bulgaria

APPLICATION OF THE STATISTICAL TESTING METHOD FOR SIMULATION MODELLING OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS

Problem statement. The study of the multicomponent systems’ operation is possible using statistical simulation models. In contrast to traditional mathematical modeling, in order to build the specified type of models, it is not necessary to obtain a mathematical formalization of the relationship between parameters in one form or another. The main condition is the ability of the model to reproduce the phenomena being modeled, while preserving their logical and temporal sequence and physical meaning. One of the most common methods of statistical simulation modeling is the method of statistical tests - the Monte Carlo method. The basis of this method is the repeated use of a random number generator to simulate the dynamics of processes occurring in the system. Based on the obtained iterations, statistical criteria for evaluating the obtained results are calculated, which makes it possible to conduct a preliminary analysis of the physical processes under investigation and draw conclusions about the relationship between the parameters included in the model. Thus, taking into account the general principles of these building simulation models, it is advisable to use them to study a number of applied materials science problems, for example, to describe the influence of external factors on the structural state of the material. The purpose of the article. Application of statistical simulation modeling by the method of statistical tests (Monte Carlo method) for the study of physical processes that occur in complex systems. Conclusion. Using the Monte Carlo method, a simulation model of the relationship between the technological modes of welding and the parameters of the structural state of low-carbon low-alloy steel 09Г2С was obtained. The obtained simulation model is presented in the form of a matrix containing the results of statistical tests. The analysis of the obtained statistical indicators made it possible to carry out a preliminary analysis of the relationship between technological modes of welding and the corresponding structural state of low-carbon low-alloy steel 09Г2С. Preliminary evaluation of the obtained simulation model was carried out by analyzing active constraints of the type of inequalities. The conducted set of studies proved the obtained data adequacy.

Proposal for sequential Stern–Gerlach experiment with programmable quantum processors

The historical significance of the Stern–Gerlach (SG) experiment lies in its provision of the initial evidence for space quantization. Over time, its sequential form has evolved into an elegant paradigm that effectively illustrates the fundamental principles of quantum theory. To date, the practical implementation of the sequential SG experiment has not been fully achieved. In this study, we demonstrate the capability of programmable quantum processors to simulate the sequential SG experiment. The specific parametric shallow quantum circuits, which are suitable for the limitations of current noisy quantum hardware, are given to replicate the functionality of SG devices with the ability to perform measurements in different directions. Surprisingly, it has been demonstrated that Wigner’s SG interferometer can be readily implemented in our sequential quantum circuit. With the utilization of the identical circuits, it is also feasible to implement Wheeler’s delayed-choice experiment. We propose the utilization of cross-shaped programmable quantum processors to showcase sequential experiments, and the simulation results demonstrate a strong alignment with theoretical predictions. With the rapid advancement of cloud-based quantum computing, such as BAQIS Quafu, it is our belief that the proposed solution is well-suited for deployment on the cloud, allowing for public accessibility. Our findings not only expand the potential applications of quantum computers, but also contribute to a deeper comprehension of the fundamental principles underlying quantum theory.

GA evolved CGP configuration data for digital circuit design on embryonic architecture

Embryonic architecture that carries self-evolving design with fault tolerant feature is proposed for deep space missions. Fault tolerance is achieved in the embryonic architecture due to its homogeneous structure. The cloning of configuration data or genome data to all the embryonic cells makes each cell capable of selecting required cell function using selective gene. The primary digital circuits of avionics are implemented on the fabric, where the configuration data in Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) format is evolved through customized GA. The CGP format is preferred over LUT format for the circuit configuration data due to its fixed data size in case of modular design. Further the CGP format enables fault detection at embryonic cell level as well as logic gate level. The various combinational and sequential circuits like adder, comparator, multiplier, register and counter are designed and implemented on embryonic fabric using Verilog. The circuit performance is evaluated using simulation. The proposed PHsClone genetic algorithm (GA) design with parallel-pipeline approach is to achieve faster convergence. Four concurrent PHsClone GA executions (four parallel threads) achieve convergence for the 10 times faster for a 1-bit adder, and 3 times faster for a 2-bit comparator.

On the Security of Sequential Logic Locking Against Oracle-Guided Attacks

The Boolean satisfiability (SAT) attack is an oracle-guided attack that can break most combinational logic locking schemes by efficiently pruning out all the wrong keys from the search space. Extending such an attack to sequential logic locking requires multiple time-consuming rounds of SAT solving, performed using an “unrolled” version of the sequential circuit, and model checking, used to determine the successful termination of the attack. This paper addresses these challenges by formally characterizing the relation between the minimum unrolling depth required to prune out the wrong keys of a SAT-based attack and a notion of functional corruptibility (FC) for sequential circuits, which can be efficiently estimated from a locked circuit to indicate the progress of a SAT-based attack. Based on this analysis, we present an FC-guided SAT-based attack that can significantly reduce unnecessary SAT and model checking tasks. We present two versions of the attack, namely, Fun-SAT and Fun-SAT+, based on whether the attacker has a priori knowledge of the key length. Fun-SAT aims to find the correct key sequence, while Fun-SAT+ aims to retrieve the correct initial state of the circuit. Numerical evaluation shows that Fun-SAT can be, on average, 90× faster than previous attacks against state-of-the-art locking methods. On the other hand, when using an approximate termination condition, Fun-SAT+ can find an initial state that leads to at most 0.1% FC in 76.9% instances that would otherwise time out after one day.