Laws Of Logic Research Articles

Критичне мислення: поняття та практика

The relevance of critical thinking makes it necessary to clearly define this concept and explore the steps necessary to acquire the skill that lies behind this concept. Today, in the specialized literature, you can find a variety of definitions of critical thinking, which can give the impression that this field is in a chaotic state. The author’s analysis made it possible to identify the essential features of this concept, based on which critical thinking is defined as the ability to analyze the process of thinking for its compliance with the criteria of rationality. Acquiring this skill involves mastering three main components: normative, descriptive and prescriptive. The normative component includes knowledge about the standards of rational thinking. These standards include not only the rules, principles and laws of logic but also the basic laws of statistics and probability theory, as well as the rules of scientific work. The descriptive component involves the acquisition of knowledge about how we actually think. First of all, we are talking about heuristics and cognitive biases, which are kinds of algorithms by which habitual thinking occurs, and which often lead us to mistakes. The prescriptive component includes knowledge of how to make the transition from habitual thinking to correct thinking. The author notes that critical thinking is an interdisciplinary project because mastering this skill requires the use of information from various fields of knowledge. At the same time, the article describes the special role of philosophical community both in the study and in teaching critical thinking. Accordingly, it is concluded that there is a need for more active development of this field by Ukrainian philosophers, which may become a promising area for the implementation of their professional skills.

Transduction of The Laws of Logomachy

This article is the first in a series that develops the concept of logomachy. Logomachy is a philosophy of semantics or sense that takes into consideration the thermodynamic status of things in the world (their qumanity). In particular, this article, looks at Gilbert Simondon’s claim that the laws of thought (Identity, Contradiction and the Excluded Middle) do not hold once certain thermodynamic states such as metastability (in between stability and instability) are taken into account. This article formulates, through a method I term transduction (the mutual development of concepts between domains), novel logical laws that fit more adequately the way things thermodynamically are in the world. To do this, the article turns to the presocratic philosopher Heraclitus to rethink the logos as a conflictual site of meaning where things, and their capacity to make-sense, is conditioned by energetic investment, where difference is the condition of sameness.

Culture of logical thinking as an important component of personality formation

The article considers the culture of logical thinking as an important component of personality formation. It is emphasized that human thinking is subject to logical laws and proceeds in logical forms regardless of the science of logic. Logical thinking is defined as the ability to analyze a situation, event or phenomenon and as the ability to rationally predict the future. Logical thinking is close to critical, because it lays the foundation for a comprehensive vision and understanding of reality. Along with the general laws of logical thinking, there are many special methods by which tasks in various fields of knowledge are solved. The laws of logic are described. The truth of thought and the logical correctness of reasoning are highlighted. Logical thinking is defined as the ability to analyze a situation, event or phenomenon and as the ability to rationally predict the future. Logical thinking is close to critical, because it lays the foundation for a comprehensive vision and understanding of reality. At the same time, it also requires a certain mastery of the skill of abstract thinking, the ability to analyze, compare and interpret information. Along with the general laws of logical thinking, there are many special methods that solve problems in various fields of knowledge (for example, the Fourier method in mathematics, mathematical modeling methods in engineering, statistical methods in psychology, etc.). Today, there is hardly a field of intellectual work that does not have such special means of thinking. The time of amateurs has passed, specialists are needed everywhere who have the appropriate level of professional culture and possess the means and methods of professional thinking. The development of a culture of logical thinking of an individual has its own characteristics and is determined by a natural change of stages, in which each previous one prepares the next ones. With the emergence of new forms of thinking, old forms do not disappear, they are preserved and developed. More complex cognitive tasks become more accessible. They develop the ability to reason, justify their judgments, compare, generalize, specify. There is a transition from visual and figurative to verbal and logical thinking.

Kant on the Nature of Logical and Moral Laws

In this article I engage with a recent debate vis-à-vis Kant’s conception of logic, which deals with whether Kant saw logical laws as normative for, or rather as constitutive of, the faculty of understanding. On the former view, logical laws provide norms for the correct exercise of the understanding; on the latter, they define the necessary structure of the faculty of understanding per se. I claim that these two positions are not mutually exclusive, as Kant held both a normative and a constitutive conception of logic. I also sketch a parallelism between Kant’s conceptions of logic and of ethics: Kant’s twofold conception of logic parallels his view of moral laws as normative (for the human will) but constitutive (of a holy will).

"Гофмановский комплекс" в рассказе Э. По "Без дыхания"

In the article, based on the theory of intertextuality (Roland Barth, Julia Kristeva), the question of the influence of E. T. A. Hoffmann on the formation of the satirical style of Edgar Allan Poe in the cycle of stories Grotesques and Arabesques (Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1839)). The author argues that Hoffmann’s recognizable plots (“The Sandman”, “Princess Brambilla”, “Elixirs of Satan”, etc.), which were popular during this period in Europe, as well as the relevance of the problems of his works and the original style, could become a source of not only satire (the story “Loss of Breath” is written as a parody of works from Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, where Hoffmann was also published during this period), but also samples for the early works of Poe. The hypothesis of the article is the statement about the possibility of applying in American literature, on the example of Poe’s story “Loss of Breath”, the previously developed methodology of “Hoffmann’s complex” (characterized by the integrity of the reproduced content, the unity of issues, images and stylistic techniques), which allows highlighting the traditions of the German romantic in Poe’s works, where they are not obvious. The features of Hoffmann’s poetics are considered in Poe’s “Loss of Breath” (1832) in the form of “Hoffmann’s complex”, which includes the following components. Firstly, it is the transformation of the romantic plot (Hoffmann’s “Adventure on New Year’s Eve”), which Poe reinterprets ironically, depriving it of an infernal context. He rethinks the idea of a two-world and mixes the real-life and theatrical narrative planes by combining the puppet element with the human one, by characters’ behaving theatrically, by acting out the roles that are imposed by society (a corpse, a criminal), by replacing household details with theatrical attributes (a false jaw, two buslles, a false eye). Secondly, it is the actualization of the problem of mechanization of life and man, which is realized in the opposition of the living – the inanimate (“The Sandman”, “Princess Brambilla’) and is aimed at criticizing society, which devalues a person and turns him into a “living” corpse, a doll. In contrast, objects come to life, and abstract concepts (breath) become materialized. Another manifestation of the problem of mechanization of life and man is the comparison of a man with an animal, and an animal with a man. Thirdly, it is the use of stylistic techniques characteristic of Hoffmann (“The Golden Pot”, “Little Zaches Called Cinnabar”, “Princess Brambilla”, etc.): hyperbole, self-explanatory names, romantic irony and grotesque, which are characterized by a sharp change of the serious and the frivolous, a combination of the objective and the subjective, a continuous parody, as well as the use of alogism – reasoning that violates the laws of logic, when something terrible (execution, autopsy of the body) is described as funny, etc.

Границы философии

The key feature of human consciousness is our ability to access and practice svyaznost’ (coherence, connectivity) grounded in tselostnost’ (wholeness). This ability is common to humans and animals in one of its aspects (comprehending the world as an order of things), though animals do not share its other core mani­festations (coherent speech and thought as a practice of svyaznost’). The com­monplace understanding of language as a sign system falls short of grasping the development of svyaznost’ and therefore needs to be reconsidered. Though universal for humans in its unfolded state, svyaznost’ ability may be practiced only in one the few variant versions and never as an invariant universal. Any of its variant versions lays down the foundations of one of the big cultures which are re­flected upon in its philosophical tradition. Plato’s and Aristotle’s teachings mark major milestones of elaborating the substance version of svyaznost’. The founda­tions of Arab-Islamic big culture, its autochthonic philosophy included, were laid down by elaboration of the process version of svyaznost’. Tkachenko paradox (any big culture cannot be described and analyzed using the theoretical means of a different big culture) and Jullien paradox (foundations of any philosophical tra­dition cannot be grounded and justified by the means of that tradition) are ana­lyzed. Only the logic of sense is capable of finding the way around both para­doxes by elaborating on svyaznost’ and tselostnost’ through their variant versions to escape the limits of the initial circle of logical laws and basic categories that form the basis of any philosophic tradition in this or that big culture.

Use of Artificial Neural Networks in the Design of Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controllers in the manufacturing of Prosthetic Knees

This paper presents real-time parameter updates that help to make adaptive machining process robust to changes in exogenous operating conditions. This work supports the commercial imperative for a customizable ‘batch size of one’ implant that does not unreasonably affect operating costs like tool life. A Neural Network (NN) is presented for use within a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) manufacturing cell to determine real-time tool offset adjustments in knee prostheses. This study integrates additional sensor inputs from the CNC cell, including improved force monitoring data for critical tools used in the machining of a Tibial component. The resulting time series force model is used to compare classification performance on Random Forest (RF) and Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) Neural Networks. In relation to network training performance, pre-processing improvements are reported for the RF algorithm using a time series data conversion process step. For the case of the BiLSTM model, 2D time series data is converted to a 3D array using a novel projection technique. The accuracy of both of methods is assessed in real-time using tool offset control applied using an adaptive fuzzy logic law. In this use case it has been observed that a RF approach exhibits less overfitting than its BiLSTM counterpart and therefore is a better choice for the dynamic computation of the tool offset height, the actuator output.

Gayr Kavramının Dilsel ve Istılahî Anlamları ve Klasik Kelâmın İlâhî Sıfatlar Anlayışına Etkileri

Some writers have suggested that the classical Sunni kalām theory of divine attributes, which states that the attributes are 'neither God' nor 'other than God,' should be interpreted to mean a denial of the law of excluded middle. Some also seek to build a new kalām without such a principle. Although the author holds such a view to be unintelligible on its own grounds, it also has no basis in the classical kalām theory. This paper shall present a detailed investigation into the meaning of ghayr, and demonstrate, with ample textual evidence, that the classical theory of divine attributes only means a denial of identity along with the denial of metaphysical separability from the divine essence. This paper demonstrates how the term ghayr applies in contexts of metaphysics, theology, and natural philosophy as well. The formula that ‘something is not identical with’ nor ‘other than’ is applied equally to any property of a subject which is necessary and inseparable from it. That is, it applies equally to created beings as well. The paper shall begin with a linguistic discussion of the term ghayr, in order to demonstrate that it is not a negation in the Arabic language, but actually an adjective which also functions to form an exceptive clause. This proves that the formula on the divine attributes does not imply a rejection of excluded middle even at the basic linguistic level. Then the paper will discuss the term ghayr in technical contexts. This discussion does not limit itself to any school, but the discussion is based on four main sources: (1) the Maqālāt of al-Kaʿbī of the Muʿtazilī school; (2) the Maqālāt of al-Ashʿarī, (3) the Kitāb al-Tawḥīd and (4) the Taʾwīlāt of al-Māturīdī. Much attention is given to the latter because of claims by some that Māturīdī has a unique position on ghayriyya which implies the rejection of the law of excluded middle. There is no indication at all that such a formula implied a denial of the laws of logic. Claims to the contrary have failed to provide any linguistic or textual evidence for their interpretation, let alone philosophical justification for such a farfetched view.

Auditor's professional judgment and opinion. Their regulation by legislation and international standards on auditing

The paper is devoted to such an actual problem in the field of audit activity as professional judgment and an auditor's opinion. A proper clarification of the logical content of these concepts significantly affects the effectiveness of the audit according to requirements of International Standards on Auditing (ISA). To date, in scientific publications the various approaches to the interpretation of the given concepts are expressed. A significant part of the authors is limited to general definitions and only some of them make attempts to substantiate their research with the laws and categories of logic. At the same time, native authors in every possible way avoid a full-fledged logical definition of content of the concept "auditor's opinion". The main reason is that there is an unsuccessful translation from English terminology into Ukrainian. In some cases, the term "opinion" has been translated as "opinion", and in others it has been called "conclusion". Therefore, if the term "opinion" is preferred, it turns out that the audit begins with an auditor's opinion and ends with it. An auditor's opinion fully encompasses such forms of logical thinking as concepts, judgments and inferences. The paper not only shows the misinterpretation of the concepts of "professional judgment" and "auditor's opinion" in a number of scientific studies. Also it is proposed the own vision of the cognition process in the auditing field based on the laws of general and dialectical logic. A related scheme of an auditor's professional judgment is given. From this scheme it can be seen that the opinion of a professionally competent auditor from the very beginning of the audit is being transformed through rationale into the concepts and requirements of the ISA. Further, an auditor's rationale is being transformed into judgments and conclusions. Based on them, as a result of proving or proving and planning, the specific conclusions of an auditor are formed as a report. The paper states that an auditor's professional judgment, like the professional judgment of other specialists, is subordinated to the general laws of logic. Its specificity lies in the fact that it is carried out with professional skepticism in conditions of uncertainty and risk and is subject to the requirements of legislation and ISA.

ЕЛЕМЕНТИ КОМП’ЮТЕРНОЇ ПІДТРИМКИ НАВЧАННЯ МАТЕМАТИЧНОЇ ЛОГІКИ

The article contains an analysis of individual stages of research on the methodological problem of developing the components of an effective computer-oriented methodological system for teaching the discipline «Mathematical Logic», which is provided for by the educational and professional program of training mathematics teachers in a pedagogical institution of higher education. The methodical and procedural issues of simplifying logical expressions when designing contact circuits in the Derive mathematical software environment are considered. Examples of solving certain typical problems of the mathematical logic course with corresponding computational implementations in the Derive mathematical software environment are given. A brief review of scientific, educational and methodical literature, which is used during the teaching of the course of mathematical logic, was carried out, the expediency of using mathematical software during the development of the content of the specified discipline was substantiated. It is pointed out the extremely important importance of solving the methodological and scientific problem of developing and approving innovation-oriented components of the methodological system of teaching mathematical disciplines, which is an important prerequisite for the professional training of a new generation of modern highly qualified mathematics teachers. Provisions have been formulated on the expediency of developing algorithmic components of formative and final evaluation of the educational activity of students of higher pedagogical education, whose professional training involves mastering the disciplines of the mathematical cycle. Attention is drawn to the expediency of the methodically prepared application of mathematical environments in the process of learning mathematical logic, which contributes to the solution of the problem of the formation of both professional subject and general competences in students, including informational and digital ones. The methodical recommendations presented in the article can be useful to pupils and students for the organization and activation of independent educational activities, teachers of secondary educational institutions, leaders of optional and group work with students, teachers of the mathematical logic course of pedagogical higher educational institutions. Key words: statements, algebra of statements, logical operations on statements, relation of logical sequence based on the algebra of statements, contact diagram, logical laws of the algebra of statements, tautology, rules of derivation based on the algebra of statements, logical analysis of reasoning and judgments.

Reflective Equilibrium and the Principles of Logical Analysis: Understanding the Laws of Logic

Resenha do livro Reflective Equilibrium and the Principles of Logical Analysis de Jaroslav Peregrin e Vladimir Svoboda publicado em 2017

The Adoption Problem and Relativism about Logic

The adoption problem was originally raised by Saul Kripke. It is supposed to present a difficulty for Willard Van Orman Quine’s view that statements of logical law are empirically confirmable. I want to argue for two things in relation to the adoption problem. The first is that the adoption problem does not really undermine the idea that statements of logical law are empirically confirmable. The second is that an analogue of the adoption problem can be developed in order to criticize a form of relativism about logic.

Образование как несущая структура общества знания

The article analyzes the role of educational system in reproduction of the intellectual life of a modern society, which, according to certain scientists, is striving for a state referred to by them as the Knowledge Society. It is pointed out that among various interpretations of this concept the authors are closest to understanding it as the social ideal, since it is too early to talk about any noticeable and even more so final transition to a fundamentally new type of the social reality. Another interpretation is also proposed, which means that any knowledge society as a social attractor appears to be a possible and desirable new quasi-stable state of the society based on systematic production of the rational knowledge in the course of widely held theoretical (aimed at finding propositional truth), moral and practical (aimed at finding normative correctness) discussions. The simulated attractor will make it possible to avoid catastrophic scenarios for the development of Civilization associated with unpreparedness of the human mind to cope with the growing instrumental power and other challenges of the history. Relevance of the problem under discussion is due to unprecedented acceleration of the evolutionary processes in the 21st century noted by many researchers of the Universal History (Big History). An original procedural concept of rational knowledge is presented, which basic component is the widely understood principle of sufficient reason serving as the universal mechanism for accumulating the cultural capital. It is noted that the introduced principle is not any law of logic, but is represented by a five-step scheme for formation and selection of knowledge and could be substantiated by the transcendental-pragmatic method proposed by Karl-Otto Apel and Jürgen Habermas. To analyze the functions of education, fundamental theory of the intellectual networks by R. Collins is introduced, which includes theory of interactive rituals, social concept of creativity and model of the intellectual attention space dynamics.

Економічна стійкість у контексті інституційної логіки

Economic resilience of the system is one of the main indicators that characterizes its qualitative and quantitative aspects, response to external and internal shocks and challenges. The problem of resilience becomes especially important in extreme situations (economic and financial crises, ecological and natural disasters: typhoons, floods, earthquakes, etc., political revolutions, military conflicts). The current Russian-Ukrainian war has become a serious test of the stability of the domestic economy, in which relative macroeconomic balance is ensured in extremely difficult conditions due to the maximum mobilization of domestic resources and effective foreign aid. An important component is institutional stability, i.e. operational response to changes in the economic situation of authorities and management at all levels, legislative institutions, financial and banking institutions, foreign economic sphere, attention to such attributes of institutionalism as trust, social optimism, mentality, traditions, habits, etc. In a generalized form, at the theoretical level, institutional sustainability is proposed to be considered in the article in the context of institutional logic in three hypostasises at the micro-, macro-, and geo-economic levels. Institutionalism, including economic theory, is dominated by traditional, formal logic, which mainly uses natural (scientific) language. Consciously or intuitively, the main laws of logic are taken into account: identity, contradiction, the Law of Exclusion, sufficient reason. The logic of evolutionism is considered the basis of institutional logic, which provides a general idea of changes in all components of the institutional environment. In the institutional economic theory, two levels of institutional logic are visible: the macro level (Veblen and the old American school, North) and the micro level (Coase, Williamson, etc.). In the publications of the last quarter of the 20th century the logic of the global (mega) level is also analyzed. Evolutionism is the basis of the logical construction of institutional logic in economic theory. Generalizing indicators that synthesize different approaches of institutional logic regarding economic sustainability are the institutional logic of sustainability (ILS) and the logical index of sustainability (LIS). Institutional logic of the micro- level was initiated by R. Coase, continued by O. Williamson and others. The logic of transaction costs of R. Coase is formulated in two theorems: regarding zero costs, ownership and economic results, and the principle of internalization. The second theorem was called "comparative logic of economic organization". In critical relation to both of Coase's theorems, they remain basic constructs of micro-level resilience. Among the indicators and criteria of macro-level economic resilience, monetary components are of leading importance, which, under the conditions of a free market, provide a kind of warning signals to the economic system as a whole. A feature of this approach was the transformation of the monetary component into a system of "monetary and financial analysis". This reflects fundamental qualitative changes in recent decades regarding the structure of the economy, in which the financial subsystem acquires dominant (key) importance, affecting aggregated macroeconomic indicators: growth, inflation, employment, etc. Globalization, that is, the mega-level, its economic resilience, inevitability and irreversibility are characterized by three deterministic logics: technical (technological), economic and political.

Когнитивная интерпретация феномена «фейк» как жанра медиадискурса

The article is dedicated to the description of the cognitive mechanism of fake messages implementation in the media discourse. The controversial nature of this phenomenon is due to a number of linguistic and extralinguistic features, which determines a comprehensive cognitive-discursive analysis of the fake phenomenon in order to identify the sources of its destructiveness, the mechanisms that ensure the successful manifestation of the fake. The crucial violations of the basic laws of formal logic which function as a source of fake conflictogenity are examined in the paper, their productivity is revealed in this aspect, and several recommendations for verifying fake information are provided. The analyzed material is taken from the Internet pages of print and online media of various levels and formats, blogs functioning in the course of the media discourse. It is established that fake is a complex multi-stage cognitive-communicative action. The deliberate unreliability of a fake message determines the mandatory application of various kinds of violations of the norms of communication, first of all – the laws of formal logic. Violations of the laws of identity and sufficient reason are most often used, less often – the law of contradiction; the law of the excluded third, due to its specificity, is not used at all. Violation of the latter law inevitably leads to disavowal of falsification. Structural violations taking place in the cognitive model of a fake message contribute to the successful masking of fake information, as well as blocking the recipient’s critical thinking and, as a result, the intensification of speech effects on the addressee. In addition, the communicative perspective of a fake is associated with causing damage to the addressee. All these aspects make it possible to qualify fake as a destructive type of communicative actions involving the spreading of obviously unreliable socially significant information and aimed at the realization of speech influence on the addressee.

ON THE APPLICATION OF EFFECTIVE METHODS OF ORGANIZATION OF GEODETIC AND CARTOGRAPHIC WORKS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

The purpose of the study was determined by new requirements and significant tasks of the promising development of the cartographic and geodetic industry of the country, which were designated as the development of scientific foundations for the use of the latest technologies of system mapping and cartographic modeling, the search for new types, types of maps that would thoroughly reproduce the relationship and dynamics of natural and socio-economic phenomena, and the like. The use of GNS and GIS technologies, remote sensing of the Earth, will certainly help to accelerate the solution of problems related to the creation and updating of topographic maps and plans. The use of different coordinate systems, an excellent mapping system and nomenclature makes it difficult to solve them. At the same time, modern technologies, the study and application of the experience of specialists from other countries will make it possible to carry out all these processes efficiently and rationally.
 The article describes the experience of using effective methods of organization of geodetic and cartographic work abroad on the example of the analysis of work in the Czech Republic.
 The set goal and objectives of the research led to the use of general scientific approaches, logical laws of drawing conclusions, and special methods of cognition. In carrying out the tasks, the research was based on the world experience of using the descriptive method, the comparative historical method (comparativism), the historical and typological method based on complex and systematic approaches. The information base of the research was collections of scientific papers, periodical professional publications, Internet resources, regulatory documents.

Innovative Approaches to Judicial Modeling in the Context of E-Democracy: Prospects for Ukraine

Introduction. Innovative approaches in the field of digitalization of the judiciary of Ukraine include the development of network technologies, introduction and improvement of electronic court document management, creation of automated systems for generalization of judicial practice and analysis of court activity, updating the telecommunications structure of courts, creating a single judicial database.Problem Statement. An important research task is the monitoring of “electronic tools” for modelling litigation in order to complete, timely, impartial, expedited and effective consideration of court cases, as well as the development on this basis of legislative and law enforcement proposals.Purpose. Theoretical understanding of the role of law and law enforcement practice in the process of using e-democracy tools in the judiciary.Materials and Мethods. Logical law, comparative law, empirical, deductive and systematic methods of analy sis of the development of electronic litigation in Ukraine.Results. The current state of implementation of the Unified Judicial Information and Telecommunication System in Ukraine has been analyzed. Legal monitoring of the legislative framework for e-court regulation in Ukraine has been conducted.Conclusions. In order to improve the legal basis for modelling litigations in Ukraine, the following issues need to be addressed: 1) access to court by videoconference for the parties to the case; 2) use of all possible (existing) messengers for communication with the court; 3) appeal to the court (submission of documents) exclusively in electronic form; 4) remote form for jurisdictional proceedings; 5) remote access to court records for all employees; 6) the possibility of signing the text of the decision without a personal presence in court (electronic signature); 7) automatic distribution of cases between all judges of Ukraine of the relevant specialization (departure from territorial jurisdiction).

K. C. F. Krause: The Combinatorian as Logician

In a time which it is not amiss to term “the Dark Ages of logic”, Karl Christian Friedrich Krause stayed not only true to logic but actually did something for its advancement. Besides making systematic use of Venn-diagrams long before Venn, Krause — once more taking his inspiration from Leibniz — propounded what appears to be the first completely symbolic systematic representation of logical forms, strongly suggestive of the powerful symbolic languages that have become the mainstay of logic since the beginning of the 20th century. However, Krause’s limits in logic are also clearly visible: Krause’s method in logic is, in the main, not axiomatic; it is combinatorial (in other words, it consists in systematically producing finite lists of logical laws, following some organizational principle). More importantly, Krause remained entirely within the confines of traditional syllogistics (his flirt with “quantification of the predicate” notwithstanding), neglecting propositional logic and, of course, first-order relational terms.

The Democratic Limits of Populist Politics

The Democratic Limits of Populist Politics

LUKASIEWICZ’S APPROACH TO SYLLOGISTIC: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS STUDY

There is no theory which has received a big interest historically as Aristotelian syllogistic, despite the criticisms to which the theory was exposed by philosophers and logicians like Francis Bacon and Jean Stuart mill in their philosophical and logical works, they considered it as an epistemological obstacle to the development of scientific knowledge, and there is a need to get over it to new method and process, but It is still an interesting subject of study and updated by many logicians to nowadays. The most prominent attempts: the Intentional approach opposite to the comprehensive one, then the approach of the logician and philosopher Ian Łukasiewicz, who tried to read the syllogistic theory with the use of accurate and rigorous analysis tool in classical logic, which is the calculi of propositions where he considered the real form of Aristotelian syllogism moods is conditional (If ... so), i.e., as computable logical laws not inferential rules (If ... then). In order to reach this purpose Łukasiewicz present his hypotheses, some of them are verified for the others he have had to make several interpretations to make his theory consistent. These interpretations took him away from the spirit of the theory and from the essence of what did Aristotle. This made his approach the subject of numerous and harsh criticisms. This is what we will try to show it through a critical analysis to some hypotheses which he presented in his book “Aristotle’s Syllogistic from the standpoint of Modern Formal Logic”.