Logical Explanation Research Articles

The Legal Framework of the World Trade Organization from the Perspective of Game Theory in International Law

Game theory in international law is one of the new and innovative perspectives in the field of philosophy of international law. The difference of this perspective is that instead of mere theorizing, it seeks a logical and practical explanation of international legal rules and structures. In this perspective, the rules of game theory are used for scientific reasoning and expressing theoretical frameworks. Game theory was first proposed in 1944 by mathematician John von Neumann and accompanied by economist Oscar Morgenstern in the field of economic issues.But since then, it has gradually entered other scientific fields, including international relations, sociology and other scientific disciplines. In recent years, and for the first time in international law, two great thinkers, Jack Goldsmith and Eric Pasner, have used this theory to explain how and why international customs are formed. This has attracted the attention of international law scholars as a new approach. This article seeks to explain the legal structure of the World Trade Organization from the perspective of this theory. The authors believe that their findings will lead to a better understanding of the legal structure of this organization. To this end, first, the rules required by game theory are introduced and briefly explained, and then, from the perspective of the aforementioned materials, cases and agreements from the entire WTO collection are examined and logically proven, which are generally applicable to the entire legal structure of this organization.

Exploring Changes in Primary Motor Cortex Organization and Associations With Changes in Motor-Sensory Tests Over Time in Relation to Low Back Pain Recovery. A Longitudinal Study.

The evidence for primary motor cortex reorganization in people with low back pain varies and is conflicting. Little is known about its association with motor and sensory tests, and recovery. We investigated primary motor cortex (re)organization and its associations with motor and sensory tests over time in people with (N = 25) and without (N = 25) low back pain in a longitudinal study with a 5-week follow-up. Participants with low back pain received physical therapy. Primary motor cortex organization, including the center of gravity and area of the cortical representation of trunk muscles, was evaluated using neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation, based on individual magnetic resonance imaging. A motor control test (spiral tracking test) and sensory tests (quantitative sensory testing, graphaesthesia, and 2-point discrimination) were administered. Multivariate mixed models with a 3-level structure were used. In non-recovered participants, the center of gravity of longissimus L5 moved significantly anterior, and their temporal summation of pain decreased significantly more than in people without low back pain. The spiral tracking path length decreased significantly in participants without low back pain, which differed significantly from the increase in recovered participants. Significant associations were found between center of gravity and area with quantitative sensory tests and the spiral tracking test. We found a limited number of significant changes and associations over time, mainly related to longissimus L5. For some of these findings, no logical explanation seems currently available. Hence, it is unclear whether meaningful changes in cortical organization occur in people with low back pain over a 5-week period.

Zebra stripes induce aberrant motion analysis in flies through aliasing.

The function of zebra stripes has long puzzled biologists: contrasted and conspicuous colours are unusual in mammals. The puzzle appears solved: two lines of evidence indicate that they evolved as a protection against biting flies, the geographical coincidence of stripes and exposure to trypanosomiasis in Africa and field experiments showing flies struggling to navigate near zebras. A logical mechanistic explanation would be that stripes interfere with flies' analysis of the optic flow; however, both spatio-temporal aliasing and the aperture effect seem ruled out following recent experiments showing that randomly checked patterns also interfere with flies' capacity to navigate near zebras. No clear mechanistic hypothesis remains. Here, I model from first principles how flies assess their motion relative to stripes, from image forming to motion analysis. I show that, at short distances, flies would consistently misjudge the motion of a striped object and frequently and saliently misjudge the direction of movement of a randomised check pattern. The range of distances at which stripes the model predicts flies should be impaired is consistent with observations. The model shows that image formation is subject to spatial aliasing, preventing any form of motion analysis against a striped pattern at medium distances, while the motion computation of flies is subject to a second form of aliasing, which, although independent of the temporal resolution of flies, bears conceptual similarities to spatio-temporal aliasing. The findings highlight the necessity of accounting not only for processing and psychology but also for the optics of image formation when taking a perceptual perspective of animal colours and contrasts.

The Role of Intertextual Thesaurus in Teacher Professional Training

In the educational process, a teacher of any specialization deals with texts in oral and written form and carries out all types of speech activities. The article is devoted to the problem of studying the intertextual thesaurus of a student at a pedagogical university. An analysis of scientific publications showed the absence in the modern scientific paradigm of studies in which a quotation would be considered as a tool for transmitting a cultural code transmitted from teacher to student. A new aspect of the study of the influencing functions of quotation and the use of literary quotation as a means of studying the intertextual thesaurus of a linguistic personality determines the relevance of our research.The authors set a goal to identify and describe the intertextual thesaurus of a modern student of a pedagogical university in the context of professional training based on knowledge and mastery of literary quotations from the works of the school curriculum. 1008 students of a pedagogical university studying at different faculties took part in the experiment. The methodological foundations of the study were the theory of problem-based learning, the doctrine of linguistic personality, the system of literary development and the theory of the development of the reader’s interpretive activity, a description of precedent phenomena. When conducting the research at different stages, the method of pedagogical observation, contextual analysis of dictionaries, analysis of scientific works, a comprehensive survey, and the method of introspection were used.As a result of the experiment, it was revealed that more than 50% of university respondents were unable to identify quotes from works of art in the school curriculum. Based on the analysis of works, “negative” strategies for interpreting a literary quotation (primitivization, lowering the stylistic register of the text, transferring content to the everyday level) and positive ones (strategy of searching for value meanings, strategy of logical explanation; strategy of concretizing the content) were identified.In the course of analyzing the problem, the authors turn to the situation of school literary education and the problem of the cultural attitudes of the future teacher.

Missiological Response to the Resurgence of Odo Masquerade Cult among the Indigenous People of Isu Eha-Amufu in Isi Uzo Local Government Area of Enugu State

Scholars have worked on the impact of the Odo Masquerade cult amongst the people of the Northern part of Igbo land. However, the indigenous people of Isu – Eha Amufu in Isi uzo Local Government Area of Enugu in their own case are in two divides either for absolute abolishment or the resonance of the masquerade cult as part of their heritage. This paper presented a missiological response to the resurgence of Odo masquerade after several decades of its abolishment in Isu Eha – Amufu and based on content analysis of related documents and important ethnographic information through interactions and oral interviews, the study observed that conflicts of position as it related to the masquerade cult is both a positive and logical explanation of cultural change believed to foster development. The findings show that those who believed in the Odo Masquerade cult took the position that it was a cultural practice that united the people, established justice and connected them with their ancestors. At the same time, some hold the view that men hide under the masquerade cult to perpetrate cancerous scourges that intimidate, manipulate or deceive and plunge the people into darkness and wickedness, promoting killings and backwardness and coupled with the economic challenge and wastage led to its abolishment. Concluding as it were is the fact that all human institution presents both positive and negative sides, therefore the paper recommended the replacement of this cultural institution with some carnivals to accommodate social, economic and tourist activities in the community geared towards the promotion of equity and the maintenance of social order, spiritual and economic development amongst all strata of life in the community.

Effect of the washers on the bearing resistance of the bolted connections

Abstract Bolted connections are the most common method of joining thin-walled galvanized sheets on site. Small diameter bolts (M8, M10 or M12) and the corresponding nuts are used for this purpose. Washers should be provided both under the heads of the bolts and the nuts in case of a single shear connection with one row of bolts, according to the standard BDS EN 1993-1-8. I.e. it is unnecessary to place washers under the bolt head in case of two or more rows of bolts. In laboratory tests of bolted connections with two rows of bolts without washers under the nuts, is accounted bearing capacity lower than the theoretically determined one. The initial explanation is that the lack of flat washers results in high bolt rotations and hence reduced load resistance. To verify this seemingly logical explanation, the authors has conducted series of finite element analyses (FEA) on connections with two rows of bolts. It turned out that this was not the reason for the reduced bearing resistance. The presence of washers under the bolt head and the nut had a negligible effect.

Genesis of artesian waters

Mankind has entered the era of fresh water scarcity. And the questions of the origin of these waters, as well as the methods of effective search for underground fresh water, become fundamental for the assessment of the prospects of water supply of the Earth's population not only in theoretical, but also in applied values. The article considers the volcanic-marine paradigm of artesian water genesis, which allows a logical explanation of a number of deep freshwater phenomena that cannot be resolved by other theories. The main consequences of the volcanic-marine paradigm are: (a) artesian water is recoverable, (b) deep freshwater resources are included in the water cycle in nature like groundwater, (c) the problem of extracting potable artesian water is not a resource problem for mankind, but a technological problem. At present, artesian water is searched for by drilling wells (direct method) and by geophysical methods of groundwater exploration—electrical survey, seismic survey and magnetic resonance method. At the same time, the great depth of artesian water, up to 1000 m, makes it difficult to locate it using geophysical methods. The article considers the geophysical method of direct detection of artesian water in various geological structures at great depths. This method and the service based on it have been named “Geodirect RSS/NMR”. Their physical basis is the resonance between the pre-recorded spectrum of the sought substance (in our case, artesian water) and the spectrum of radiations recorded by the satellite instrumentation in the infrared range. The presence of resonance allows direct identification of artesian water flows and reservoirs without interpretation of indirect data.

CREATIVE APPROACHES TO PROMOTING CULTURAL HERITAGE OF UKRAINE AND TOURISM THROUGH MODERN SOUVENIRS

Purpose. To analyze and explore the possibilities of using creative approaches to the creation and promotion of Ukrainian souvenirs as a tool for preserving and popularizing cultural heritage. Design/methodology/approach. To substantiate the need to study and improve the competitiveness of Ukrainian souvenir products through the introduction of creative approaches, the author uses the method of literature review. To study the essence of Ukrainian souvenirs, the author uses the methods of scientific research of theoretical and logical explanation, systematization and clarification. Findings. This study has shown the high importance of Ukrainian souvenirs in the process of preserving and popularizing Ukraine's cultural heritage. The survey found that innovative and creative approaches to the production of souvenirs significantly increase their attractiveness among consumers, especially among tourists interested in national culture. In particular, 90.6% of respondents showed an active interest in traveling to Ukraine, and 32.1% of them frequently visit tourist destinations, which indicates the country's popularity as a tourist destination. The majority of respondents are interested in purchasing souvenirs as symbolic reminders of the places they have visited, with a particular focus on those that reflect national identity and cultural characteristics. Creative souvenirs that combine traditional elements with modern technology and design are well received by consumers and contribute to the promotion of Ukraine's cultural values on the international stage. Thus, Ukrainian souvenirs not only promote tourism, but also play an important role in preserving cultural heritage and stimulating the local economy through the use of traditional techniques and local materials. The research shows that the introduction of innovative technologies in the creation of souvenirs is a key factor in the successful development of tourism in Ukraine and the preservation of the national cultural heritage. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that creative and innovative approaches to the production and promotion of Ukrainian souvenirs are key factors for the preservation of national cultural heritage and tourism development. Research shows that souvenirs that combine traditional elements with modern design and technology have a significant impact on shaping a positive image of the country and increasing interest among both locals and international tourists. The introduction of innovations such as 3D modeling of historical monuments and the use of eco-friendly materials helps to popularize Ukrainian culture and adds value to souvenirs. In addition, the integration of souvenirs into tourist services and active digital marketing allows for effective audience expansion and stimulates interest in Ukrainian cultural heritage. Thus, modern souvenirs are not only an element of national identity, but also a powerful tool for the development of tourism and cultural diplomacy in Ukraine. Practical significance. Specific recommendations are offered for the development of tourism through the use of modern souvenirs, combining traditional Ukrainian elements with innovative approaches. The strategies outlined in the article can be applied in real business, the tourism industry and the production of souvenirs. Originality/value. The originality and value of the article lies in the combination of traditional Ukrainian cultural heritage with modern technologies and creative approaches for the development of the souvenir industry. New ideas are proposed, such as creating souvenirs using 3D models of historical monuments and integrating augmented reality (AR), which makes it relevant in the context of global trends and modern tourist needs. The value of the work is also manifested in practical recommendations for souvenir producers and travel companies on the use of eco-friendly materials, innovative designs, and interactive elements. This approach contributes to the popularization of Ukrainian cultural heritage both nationally and internationally, while opening up new opportunities for the development of Ukraine's economy and tourism.

"The medicine is not something that interests me at all." Beliefs, health-related behaviors, and medication adherence in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease

Abstract Background Despite evidence-based guidelines recommending secondary prevention with antithrombotics and lipid-lowering therapies, adherence to optimal pharmacological therapies remains suboptimal in patients with symptomatic lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD), potentially contributing to excess morbidity and mortality. However, the behavioral factors and health beliefs underlying this behavior are still poorly understood. Purpose To explore the health-related behaviors and beliefs of patients with symptomatic PAD regarding secondary preventive therapy. Methods Using a qualitative design, we conducted individual semi-structured interviews with patients diagnosed with symptomatic PAD. Participants were recruited from four departments of vascular surgery in Denmark from December 2022 to January 2024. Data analysis was performed using framework analysis based on the six domains of the Health Belief Models1 (HBM) as analytical framework: perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. The HBM is widely used for conceptualizing individual’s attitudes and beliefs to explain and predict health behaviours. Results Sixteen patients participated in the study: seven adherent and nine non-adherent patients. Based on the HBM components, the following findings emerged (Figure 1). Patients expressed low perceived awareness of the severity of PAD and its potential consequences, not recognizing PAD as a systemic condition associated with broader cardiovascular risk. The perception of PAD centered around the experience of excruciating leg pain and its impact on everyday life. This focus on symptoms affected the perceived benefits of secondary preventive therapies. Patients lacked knowledge about the importance and goal of treatment and did not link the secondary preventive therapy to PAD, often associating it only with other cardiovascular diseases. Barriers included inadequate understanding of the chronic progressive nature of PAD and its severity, experience and fear of side-effects, prescription confusion, pill burden, financial constraints, and allergies. Fear of recurring pain, complications, and early death served as strong internal adherence triggers. Paradoxically, despite expressing fear, some patients were only adherent to antithrombotic therapy, not assigning the same importance to statins. Other cues to action included practical arrangements as well as establishing a trusting patient-provider relationship and receiving comprehensive and logical explanations. Conclusions This study provided new perspectives on the multifaceted challenges hindering adherence to secondary preventive therapy among patients with symptomatic PAD. Notably, the insufficient knowledge regarding the chronic progressive nature of PAD and its cardiovascular implications, underscores the need for enhanced patient education and tailored interventions to ensure optimal secondary preventive therapy.Figure 1

Illuminating tandem reactions characterized by temporal separation of catalytic activities via DFT calculations: A case study of Ni-catalyzed alkyne semi-hydrogenation

Illuminating tandem reactions characterized by temporal separation of catalytic activities via DFT calculations: A case study of Ni-catalyzed alkyne semi-hydrogenation

Is it Irrational to Assume Rationality in Business?

Purpose: Academic research continuously introduces new theories, methodologies, etc. to improve upon prior studies. Researchers commonly base their theories on the assumption that managers and stakeholders have calculated motives and make well-educated decisions. However, they ignore the fact that certain corporate decisions are completely random with no logical explanations. Researchers still are not comfortable with this idea and always try to justify business decisions by advancing new sophisticated theories while in fact, many executives and stakeholders are not that sophisticated. This paper discusses such instances of irrationality. Methodology: This paper discusses several instances of irrational business decisions in various aspects of finance including capital budgeting, capital structure, stock buybacks, executive compensation, overinvestment, and stock market irregularities. By examining a historical set of corporate events, it is shown that various forms of irrationality, when abundant, may cause empirical studies to refute theories. Findings: Theories cannot always be justified by empirical work not necessarily because of flaws in these theories but possibly because of irrational behavior of ill-informed executives and stakeholders. That is, if the assumption of rationality commonly imbedded in academic studies does not hold, then it may be the culprit, at least in part, behind the discrepancy between theory and empirical findings. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This paper postulates that the discrepancy between theory and empirical findings may, in part, be caused by the common assumption of rationality that may not hold true. By discussing numerous instances of irrational behavior in various aspects of business, this paper attempts to show that irrationality is not uncommon and should be considered in the design of academic research.

Effective Class Management: A Study to Enhance Education System

Classrooms are the factories where students are created, enhanced, become a better person than a mediocre or less mediocre human, learn ethics and morality, gather specific knowledge and make themselves ready for what they want to be and how to reflect themselves in the mirror of the world according to their goals and desires. For this reason, the scope of education is very widespread. Furthermore, the application of different topics and courses in the life of a human is not the same in various ages of their life. To make education effective, it is highly necessary to apply the things that suit people appropriately with their appeal, necessity and exact age. This research paper is based on the logical explanation of the definitions of education, classroom and its components, knowledge and skill, figures for apparent understanding, the elaboration of educational phases of human life, the ways to ensure an effective classroom and finally, the composition of an operative teacher and a dutiful student.

Research on the influence of the digital economy on the development of China’s small household appliance industry and enhancement countermeasures

Purpose The implementation of the digital economy has had a considerable influence on the manufacturing industry, and this paper aims to address the important issues of how to capture the opportunities presented by digital innovation and promote the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, as well as the improvement of quality and efficiency. Design/methodology/approach Using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces and cities between 2010 and 2021, this study establishes the panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model and uses impulse response function analysis to evaluate the influence of the digital economy on the high-quality transformation and upgrading of China's small home appliance industry across five dimensions under the digital economy. Findings The development of digital infrastructure has not demonstrated a noteworthy capacity for advancing the transformation and upgrading of the small home appliance industry. Furthermore, digital industrialization has exerted a minimal restraining influence on this process. Nevertheless, digital governance has consistently exhibited a substantial impact on facilitating the transformation and upgrading of the small home appliance industry. While both industrial digitization and digital innovation hold significant potential for promoting the transformation and upgrading of the small home appliance industry, their sustainability remains limited. Practical implications The organization should logically join independent innovation and open innovation, construct an industrial ecosystem for the profound convergence of the digital economy and compact household appliances, use digital-wise science and technology to empower the establishment of brand effects, strengthen the portrayal of the digital standard framework for the intelligent compact household appliance industry, advance the development of a public stage for computerized administrations in the compact household appliance industry and develop a strategy ecosystem for computerized assets in the compact household appliance industry. Originality/value This study offers systematic evidence of the relationship between the digital economy and the development of the small home appliance industry. The results of this research contribute to the literature on the impact of the digital economy on the manufacturing sector and provide a logical explanation for the transformation and upgrading of the small home appliance industry within the context of the digital economy.

SOME SAMPLES OF ASHYG ALESKER'S CREATIVITY, BASED ON LOGIC AND REALITY

İn the article, the material and spiritual existence of the world is divicled into positive and negative poles according to the low of the unity of opposites, and it is shown chat the Turks belong to the positive pole and have active gene carriers. Turks with deep knowledge have had great historical personalities in literature as well as in many areas. One of them is the art of ashıq, which belongs to the spiritual pole and is the food of our soul, and one of those who stand at its peak is Ashıq Alasgar. They did not make a mistake in calling Ashıq Alasgar the real ashiq. By giving logical explanations on selected examples from his work, the authors reveal Ashıq Alasgar knowledge based on sleep logic. This is considered also novelty among the opinions about Ashıq Alasgar based on numerous (any) analyses.

DDD-costs have a strong influence on antibacterial drug prescription in Germany: a differentiated correlation analysis from 1985 to 2022

Antibacterial drugs are vital in modern medicine, and understanding the factors influencing their prescriptions is essential for maintaining their effectiveness and accessibility. This study investigates the hypothesis that costs significantly impact the prescriptions of antibacterial drugs, a factor previously underrecognized. To investigate this, we conducted correlation analyses on defined daily dose (DDD-) prescriptions and DDD-costs for the 15 most prescribed antibacterial drugs in Germany in 2022, using data from the Arzneimittelverordnungsreport (Drug Prescription Report) (1985–2022). The analysis focused on the periods 1985–2022, 1985–2011, and 2012–2022. Our findings revealed significant correlations between DDD-prescriptions and -costs for nearly all drugs over the entire period (1985–2022), with strong negative correlations for amoxicillin (− 0.941), cefuroxime axetil (− 0.900), clindamycin (− 0.800), nitrofurantoin (− 0.895), and cefaclor (− 0.819). From 1985 to 2011, only significant negative correlations were observed. In 2012–2022, significant correlations included both negative and positive, with strong positive correlations for ciprofloxacin (0.950) and clarithromycin (0.962). Overall, DDD-costs showed a persistent and strong correlation with DDD-prescriptions, particularly in the earlier period. This influence appears to diminish slightly in recent years, suggesting other factors might become more significant as DDD-costs plateau. Notably, amoxicillin, amoxicillin clavulanic acid, and nitrofurantoin consistently exhibited strong cost-prescription correlations throughout the entire period. While correlation does not imply causation, the significant and strong correlations, coupled with logical explanations, support the hypothesis that costs are a primary factor in prescribing patterns. Further research is needed to establish causality and examine other potential systemic factors affecting antibacterial drug prescriptions.

부와 모 간의 양육태도, 훈육방식, 유아 문제행동 인식 차이 비교 연구

The purpose of this study is to provide understanding and information on the parenting of fathers and mothers according to changes in modern society by comparing and analyzing the differences in parenting attitudes, discipline methods, and recognition of children's problem behavior between fathers and mothers. The questionnaires of 167 pairs of 334 fathers and mothers were selected and analyzed as the final subject of this study. As a result of the study, the father had an affectionate and autonomous parenting attitude, and the mother had a controlling and rejecting parenting attitude. In terms of disciplinary methods, both parents often used logical explanation disciplinary methods. The permissive discipline method showed more wealth. Regarding the recognition of infant problem behavior, both parents recognized that hostile-aggressive behavior was the most problematic behavior, and hyperactivity-distracted behavior was perceived as more problematic by mothers than by fathers. The results of this study are expected to provide basic information about fathers and mothers' parenting in response to changes in modern society.

PENGARUH SARANA DNA PRASARANA AKADEMIK TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI STAMBUK 2023

Abstract Learning infrastructure and facilities are direct and indirect needs to improve the quality of learning and students' interest in learning. The reason the researcher conducted this research was that the researcher wanted to understand the extent of the impact of facilities and infrastructure on students' interest in learning in the 2023 Economic Education Stambuk; therefore, the researcher chose the research title "The Impact of Academic Facilities and Infrastructure on Student Interest in Learning" in the 2023 Economic Education Stambuk, carried out using quantitative prescriptive strategies. The specimen collection method used in this research is a sampling model, namely distributing a questionnaire via Google Form. This approach was chosen because it provides comprehensive information regarding the relationships between the variables studied. The results of this research are presented in the form of tables, charts, and/or graphs. In this component, the results and discussion will explore data analysis in order to prove the relationship between academic facilities and infrastructure variables and study interest variables, provide logical explanations for the findings obtained, and provide references related to analyses that have been carried out or carried out partially, as well as simple linear regression obtained by several scholars. Facilities and infrastructure have an important influence on interest in learning. The results of the t test prove that the calculated t value with the t table is (4.922 > 2.048), and the significance is 0.000 < 0.05. The results of the analysis of the coefficient of determination show that the level of influence of academic facilities and infrastructure on interest in learning is 46.4%. This means that interest in learning can be determined by X1, namely facilities and infrastructure.

Use and assessment of the economic value of traditional medicinal plants by the Soputan Dayak tribe, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

Abstract. Rujehan, Setiawati, Matius P, Kristiningrum R, Halu YO. 2024. Use and assessment of the economic value of traditional medicinal plants by the Soputan Dayak tribe, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2393-2403. The Soputan Dayak tribe, who live in Long Penaneh III, Long Apari Sub-district, East Kalimantan, apparently still adhere to local wisdom values in using plants as medicine and contributing to the household economy. This study aims to identify the local wisdom of the Soputan Dayak tribe in using medicinal plants and determine the economic value of medicinal plant use. Using a snowball sampling technique, the methods used were observation and direct interviews with 15 households. The data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively using logical explanation through a substitute-market approach to determine economic value. The results showed that the use of medicinal plants in the village of Long Penaneh III covered 41 families of 64 species with various benefits. The most used plant organs were leaves (50%) and roots (24%), with the rest comprising tubers, stems, fruit, shoots, skins, flowers, and cambium. The main diseases treated with medicinal plants were back pain (17%), cholesterol (14%), high blood pressure and leukorrhea (12% each), and flu, fever, hypoglycemia, ulcers, and kidney concerns (9% each). The economic value assessment from the 64 species showed IDR 36,685,000 per year could be obtained, based on the information of 15 respondents, with an average per household of IDR 2,445,666.67 per year. The economic value obtained is sufficient to support the household economy.

Aerosol interference with open-path eddy covariance measurement in a lake environment

Aerosol interference with open-path eddy covariance measurement in a lake environment

Entrainment: Transcendental Condition that Affected with Musical

This research examines the phenomenon of entrainment, which is associated with atmospheric phenomenon in meteorology, and is now also used in a person’s psychological and neurological state that leads to a state of brainwave synchronization (neural entrainment). In the most extreme conditions, this neural oscillation process will make a person enter the transcendental phase. This research is examined through a qualitative method by conducting a literature study of a number of studies on the phenomenon of entrainment. The findings obtained by researchers and academics related to entrainment can be a source of evidence for this research. The results of the research conducted found that entrainment can be the most logical explanation to explain a number of transcendental phenomenon associated with traditional or modern music. Entrainment is also a scientific explanation for the phenomenon of being possessed by spirit in a number of traditional arts in Indonesia and entrainment also affects human behavior which can reach the most extreme phase when affected by music to the subconscious level. This article is not sufficient to provide a significant explanation for the phenomenon of trance in some traditional Indonesian arts. More proofs, experiments, and literature studies are needed to strengthen the explanation of the phenomenon scientifically.