Logarithm Of Ratio Research Articles

Joint Diagnostic Approach to Pressure and Tracer Responses from Reservoirs: An Experimental and Theoretical Study to Estimate the Accuracy of Reservoir Models

This study presents a novel perspective for improving the understanding of permeable structures at geothermal prospects by jointly diagnosing the responses of conventional pressure transient and tracer testing. The pressure and tracer responses individually yield apparent porosity–thickness products. The difference between them implies the existence of unknown dead-end features involved in a reservoir model. Laboratory experiments and numerical simulations validate this concept. Potential application to hypothetical exploration demonstrates that the logarithmic ratio of the porosity–thickness products, determined based on pressure and tracer responses, indicates the accuracy of the reservoir model to be successively updated with the progress of the exploration. The reservoir model successfully reproduced the synthetic observations regardless of the accuracy of permeable structure if different porosity–thickness products were allowed to be assumed to individually reproduce pressure and tracer responses. These porosity–thickness products coincided only if the reservoir model correctly captured the permeable structure. This novel perspective will provide strategic guides for successful exploration and development at the prospects of geothermal and, potentially, general geofluid resources.

Integrated Hepatitis C–Opioid Use Disorder Care Through Facilitated Telemedicine

Facilitated telemedicine may promote hepatitis C virus elimination by mitigating geographic and temporal barriers. To compare sustained virologic responses for hepatitis C virus among persons with opioid use disorder treated through facilitated telemedicine integrated into opioid treatment programs compared with off-site hepatitis specialist referral. Prospective, cluster randomized clinical trial using a stepped wedge design. Twelve programs throughout New York State included hepatitis C-infected participants (n = 602) enrolled between March 1, 2017, and February 29, 2020. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2022, through September 1, 2023. Hepatitis C treatment with direct-acting antivirals through comanagement with a hepatitis specialist either through facilitated telemedicine integrated into opioid treatment programs (n = 290) or standard-of-care off-site referral (n = 312). The primary outcome was hepatitis C virus cure. Twelve programs began with off-site referral, and every 9 months, 4 randomly selected sites transitioned to facilitated telemedicine during 3 steps without participant crossover. Participants completed 2-year follow-up for reinfection assessment. Inclusion criteria required 6-month enrollment in opioid treatment and insurance coverage of hepatitis C medications. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to test for the intervention effect, adjusted for time, clustering, and effect modification in individual-based intention-to-treat analysis. Among 602 participants, 369 were male (61.3%); 296 (49.2%) were American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, multiracial, or other (ie, no race category was selected, with race data collected according to the 5 standard National Institutes of Health categories); and 306 (50.8%) were White. The mean (SD) age of the enrolled participants in the telemedicine group was 47.1 (13.1) years; that of the referral group was 48.9 (12.8) years. In telemedicine, 268 of 290 participants (92.4%) initiated treatment compared with 126 of 312 participants (40.4%) in referral. Intention-to-treat cure percentages were 90.3% (262 of 290) in telemedicine and 39.4% (123 of 312) in referral, with an estimated logarithmic odds ratio of the study group effect of 2.9 (95% CI, 2.0-3.5; P < .001) with no effect modification. Observed cure percentages were 246 of 290 participants (84.8%) in telemedicine vs 106 of 312 participants (34.0%) in referral. Subgroup effects were not significant, including fibrosis stage, urban or rural participant residence location, or mental health (anxiety or depression) comorbid conditions. Illicit drug use decreased significantly (referral: 95% CI, 1.2-4.8; P = .001; telemedicine: 95% CI, 0.3-1.0; P < .001) among cured participants. Minimal reinfections (n = 13) occurred, with hepatitis C virus reinfection incidence of 2.5 per 100 person-years. Participants in both groups rated health care delivery satisfaction as high or very high. Opioid treatment program-integrated facilitated telemedicine resulted in significantly higher hepatitis C virus cure rates compared with off-site referral, with high participant satisfaction. Illicit drug use declined significantly among cured participants with minimal reinfections. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02933970.

Uncovering sympathetic nervous system dysfunction in disorders of consciousness via heart rate variability during head-up tilt test.

Few standardized tools are available for evaluation of disorders of consciousness (DOC). The potential of heart rate variability (HRV) during head-up tilt (HUT) test was investigated as a complementary evaluation tool. Twenty-one DOC patients and 21 healthy participants were enrolled in this study comparing clinical characteristics and HRV time- and frequency-domain outcomes and temporal changes during HUT test. During the 1st-5th min of the HUT, DOC group showed a significant increase and decrease in log low frequency (LF) (p = 0.045) and log normalized high frequency (nHF) (p = 0.02), respectively, compared to the supine position and had lower log normalized LF (nLF) (p = 0.004) and log ratio of low-to-high frequency (LF/HF) (p = 0.001) compared to healthy controls. As the HUT continued from the 6th to the 20th min, DOC group exhibited a significant increase in log LF/HF (16th-20th min) (p < 0.05), along with a decrease in log nHF (6th-10th and 16th-20th min) (p < 0.05) and maintained lower log LF, log nLF, and log LF/HF than controls (p < 0.05). 1st-10th min after returning to the supine position, DOC group demonstrated a significant decrease in log nHF (p < 0.01) and increases in log LF/HF (p < 0.01) and had lower log LF (p < 0.01) and log nLF (p < 0.05) compared to controls. In contrast, the control group exhibited a significant decrease in log nHF (p < 0.05) and increase in log LF/HF (p < 0.05) throughout the entire HUT test. Notably, no significant differences were observed when comparing time-domain outcomes reflecting parasympathetic nervous system between the two groups. HRV during HUT test indicated a delayed and attenuated autonomic response, particularly in the sympathetic nervous system, in DOC patients compared with healthy individuals.

Contrasted reaction norms of wheat yield in pure vs mixed stands explained by tillering plasticities and shade avoidance

ContextMixing cultivars is an agroecological practice of crop diversification, increasingly used for cereals. The yield of such cereal mixtures is higher on average than the mean yield of their components in pure stands, but with a large variance. The drivers of this variance are plant-plant interactions leading to different plant phenotypes in pure and mixed stands, i.e phenotypic plasticity. ObjectivesThe objectives were (i) to quantify the magnitude of phenotypic plasticity for yield in pure versus mixed stands, (ii) to identify the yield components that contribute the most to yield plasticity, and (iii) to link such plasticities to differences in functional traits, i.e. plant height and flowering earliness. MethodsA new experimental design based on a precision sowing allowed phenotyping each cultivar in mixture, at the level of individual plants, for above-ground traits throughout growth. Eight commercial cultivars of Triticum aestivum L. were grown in pure and mixed stands in field plots repeated for two years (2019–2020, 2020–2021) with contrasted climatic conditions and with nitrogen fertilization, fungicide and weed removal management strategies. Two quaternary mixtures were assembled with cultivars contrasted either for height or earliness. ResultsCompared to the average of cultivars in pure stands, the height mixture strongly underyielded over both years (-29%) while the earliness mixture overyielded the second year (+11%) and underyielded the first year (-8%). The second year, the magnitude of cultivar’s grain weight plasticity, measured as the difference between pure and mixed stands, was significantly and positively associated with their relative yield differences in pure stands (R2=0.51). When grain weight plasticity, measured as the log ratio of pure over mixed stands, was partitioned as the sum of plasticities in each yield component, its strongest contributor was the plasticity in spike number per plant (∼56% of the sum), driven by even stronger but opposed underlying plasticities in both tiller emission and regression. For both years, the plasticity in tiller emission was significantly, positively associated with the height differentials between cultivars in mixture (R2=0.43 in 2019–2020 and 0.17 in 2020–2021). ConclusionsPlasticity in the early recognition of potential resource competitors is a major component of cultivar strategies in mixtures, as shown here for tillering dynamics. Our results also highlighted a link between plasticity in tiller emission and height differential in mixture. Both height and tillering dynamics displayed plasticities typical of the shade avoidance syndrome. ImplicationsBoth the new experimental design and decomposition of plasticities developed in this study open avenues to better study plant-plant interactions in agronomically-realistic conditions. This study also contributed a unique, plant-level data set allowing the calibration of process-based plant models to explore the space of all possible mixtures.

Comparison of blood and urine concentrations of equol by LC‒MS/MS method and factors associated with equol production in 466 Japanese men and women.

Equol is produced from daidzein by the action of gut bacteria on soy isoflavones. However, not all people can produce equol, and metabolism differs even among the producers. We aimed to examine the equol producer status in both men and women, and investigate the relationships among the serum and urinary isoflavones as well as to other biomedical parameters. In this study, we measured the equol and daidzein concentrations from the blood and urine of 292 men and 174 women aged between 22 and 88 years by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS). We then analysed the cut-off value for equol producers in both sexes, the relationship of serum and urinary equol concentrations, and other parameters, such as sex, age, endocrine function, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and renal function with regards to equol-producing ability, among the different age groups. Equol producers were defined as those whose log ratio of urinary equol and daidzein concentration or log (equol/daidzein) was -1.42 or higher. Among 466 participants, 195 were equol producers (42%). The proportion of equol producers was larger in women. The cut-off value for equol producers was consistent in both sexes. Positive relationships were noted between serum and urinary equol levels in equol producers of both sexes; however, such a relationship was not detected in nonproducers. Lipid and uric acid abnormalities were more common with non equol producers in both men and women. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in men were significantly lower in equol producers, especially in those in their 40 s. This study suggests a relationship between equol-producing ability and reduced risk of prostate disease as well as positive effects of equol on blood lipids and uric acid levels. However, lack of dietary information and disperse age groups were major drawbacks in generalizing the results of this study.

Method of assessing the information reliability of in 5G wireless transmission systems

The article proposes a method of assessing information transmission reliability by using the output normalized logarithmic ratio of the likelihood function (LRLF) of the decoder. Based on the evaluation, the method allows adapting system parameters with turbo codes (TC) or LDPC code. This method can be used in combination with other methods of parametric and structural adaptation using turbo codes or LDPC codes.

Abstract 5149: Extracellular matrix remodeling in metastatic mismatch repair deficient endometrial cancer:Implications for immune checkpoint inhibitor response prediction

Abstract Mismatch repair deficient (MMRd) status is a predictive biomarker for Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in endometrial cancer (EC), however, half of these patients (pts) do not respond. Most studies exploring biomarkers of response to ICI have focused on tumor or immune cell factors. We aimed to describe the extracellular matrix components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in ICI-Responder (R) versus Non-Responder (NR) MMRd EC pts to identify new predictive biomarkers of response. Clinical data and outcomes of metastatic MMRd EC pts, treated with ICI (2016-2021), were retrospectively collected. Pts were classified as Rs (CR, PR, or SD ≥12 months) or NRs (PD or SD &amp;lt;12 months). Pre-ICI FFPE tumor samples were subjected to Biognosys UltraDeep TrueDiscovery™ Mass Spectrometry (MS) for identification of differentially regulated protein expression between R and NR. Criteria for protein candidate selection were p-value &amp;lt; 0.01 and average absolute log2 fold change (AVG Log ratio) &amp;gt; 0.58. Collagen was visualized on whole slides using Masson’s trichrome and quantified by Qupath. Collagen density was expressed as % positive surface in the intratumoral area. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy plus polarimetry (p-SHG) was used to estimate collagen content and describe the spatial orientation of fibrillar collagen in the intratumoral area. intraepithelial (ie) and stromal (s) CD3+ and CD8+ cells were quantified by Qupath. Non-parametric t-tests and Spearman’s rank coefficient (r) for linear correlation were used. Twenty-five tumor samples were included in the analysis: 17 from Rs and 8 from NRs. MS identified collagen type V alpha-2 (AVR Log ratio 2.9, p 0.008) and type XXII alpha-1 chains (AVR Log ratio 1.14, p 0.006) as significantly upregulated in NRs. Using spatial imaging, collagen density in the intratumoral area was significantly higher in NRs (median: 14.2% vs 4.6%, p 0.01). Intratumoral collagen density was positively correlated with collagen type V expression (r 0,54, p 0.016), and negatively correlated with ie and s CD3+ cell (r -0.39, p 0.054; r -0.4, p 0.048, respectively) and ie and s CD8+ cell (r -0.39, p 0.053; and r -0.29, p 0.166) infiltration. SHG confirmed that fibrillar collagen content in the tumor area was significantly greater in NRs (p 0.02). p-SHG revealed that NR tumors tended to show a highly disorganized collagen matrix. In contrast, a linear collagen pattern was associated with response to ICI: 89% of tumors displaying this pattern were Rs. Both MS and two different spatial approaches consistently demonstrated that increased collagen expression or density may serve as a potential predictive biomarker of resistance to ICI in MMRd metastatic EC, contributing to create an immunosuppressive TME. The spatial orientation pattern of collagen fibers may also be crucial in shaping immune TME and influencing the response to ICI. Citation Format: Juan Francisco Grau, Carole Aimé, Martin Mehnert, Elisa Yaniz-Galende, Catherine Genestie, Audrey Le Formal, Elodie Edmond, Antoine Amaury Lachaud, Patricia Pautier, Judith Michels, Sébastien Gouy, Amandine Maulard, Emeline Colomba-Blameble, Felix Blanc-Durand, Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein, Alexandra Leary. Extracellular matrix remodeling in metastatic mismatch repair deficient endometrial cancer:Implications for immune checkpoint inhibitor response prediction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5149.

Abstract 139: Modeling and genomic profiling of osteosarcoma development in murine chondrocyte-origin models

Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) manifests during puberty, coinciding with rapid bone growth, a feature requiring exploration. We selectively deleted p53 or both p53 and Rb1 alleles in growth-dependent chondrocyte-origin models, utilizing Col10a1-Cre or Agc-CreERT2, incorporating with ROSA-Tomato for tracing and isolating the mutant cell collection. Col10p53flfl(tm) and Col10p53flflRbfl+(tm) mutants exhibited 100% penetrance in osteoblastic OS, with the latter displaying shortened latencies (mean: 335 vs 265 days) and increased metastases. Tamoxifen-induced AgcCreERT2 models highlighted growth stage-dependent OS development, correlating penetrance inversely and latencies positively with mouse age at tamoxifen treatment. Tumors exclusively occurred in endochondral bones, near growth plates. Whole-genome profiling of tm+ tumor cells revealed genetic variations, including SNPs, Indels, CNVs, and SVs. CNVs involved genes altered in human OS, emphasizing losses in Dmd and gains in Myc, Vegfa, Foxm1, Akt1, Aurkb, and Ccen1. A common CNV (losses, Chr. 10: 34,158,531-34,443,999, Log ratio ←0.05) occurred in all sequenced primary and metastatic samples, with male specimens sharing a loss in the Y chr. p region (approximately 725,200-799,409). Orthotopic transplantation of tm+ p53− stromal cells from 4-month-old Col10p53flfltm mice gave rise to bone tumors and lung migration in wild-type recipients, explicitly establishing the transplanted cells as the direct origin of the cancer precursors within early tm+ p53− stromal populations. Whole-genome sequencing unveiled a discernible progression of genomic alterations from 1 to 4-month-old tm+ p53− stromal cells, culminating in donor-derived tumors. Notably, only these specific donor-derived tumors, and not the early tm+ p53− stromal cells, exhibited the Chr. 10 CNV observed in autochthonous malignancies. Micro-metastases, identified by fluorescence imaging, were prevalent, alongside macro-metastases (~10% in Col10p53flflRbfl+tm and ~25% in AgcCreERT2p53flflRbfl+tm cohorts). Notably, amputation of primary OS sites in mice surviving longer revealed larger and more abundant tm+ cell clusters. Some micro-metastases not only expressed signature genes typical of macro-lung metastases but also shared genomic variations with corresponding primaries, including the prevalent loss in Chr. 10. Enhanced immune cell infiltration was evident in lungs hosting micro-metastases, suggesting a potential immune response triggered by pre-tumor early seeding cells. Murine OS models faithfully replicate human OS features, underscoring chondrocytes as significant contributors to OS cell sources. The inclusion of a tomato reporter enables precise tracking, rendering these models invaluable for studying OS etiology, particularly in unraveling pre-tumor molecular events in both primary and metastatic settings. Citation Format: Xin Zhou, Hannah Beird, Yanhua Yi, Zhaohui Xu, Zhongting Zhang, Harjeet Singh, Wendong Zhang, Yifei Wang, Sylvester Jusu, Michael Roth, Jonatha Gill, Richard Gorlick. Modeling and genomic profiling of osteosarcoma development in murine chondrocyte-origin models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 139.

ADF-Net: An Attention-Guided Dual-Branch Fusion Network for Building Change Detection near the Shanghai Metro Line Using Sequences of TerraSAR-X Images

Building change detection (BCD) plays a vital role in city planning and development, ensuring the timely detection of urban changes near metro lines. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has the advantage of providing continuous image time series with all-weather and all-time capabilities for earth observation compared with optical remote sensors. Deep learning algorithms have extensively been applied for BCD to realize the automatic detection of building changes. However, existing deep learning-based BCD methods with SAR images suffer limited accuracy due to the speckle noise effect and insufficient feature extraction. In this paper, an attention-guided dual-branch fusion network (ADF-Net) is proposed for urban BCD to address this limitation. Specifically, high-resolution SAR images collected by TerraSAR-X have been utilized to detect building changes near metro line 8 in Shanghai with the ADF-Net model. In particular, a dual-branch structure is employed in ADF-Net to extract heterogeneous features from radiometrically calibrated TerraSAR-X images and log ratio images (i.e., difference images (DIs) in dB scale). In addition, the attention-guided cross-layer addition (ACLA) blocks are used to precisely locate the features of changed areas with the transformer-based attention mechanism, and the global attention mechanism with the residual unit (GAM-RU) blocks is introduced to enhance the representation learning capabilities and solve the problems of gradient fading. The effectiveness of ADF-Net is verified using evaluation metrics. The results demonstrate that ADF-Net generates better building change maps than other methods, including U-Net, FC-EF, SNUNet-CD, A2Net, DMINet, USFFCNet, EATDer, and DRPNet. As a result, some building area changes near metro line 8 in Shanghai have been accurately detected by ADF-Net. Furthermore, the prediction results are consistent with the changes derived from high-resolution optical remote sensing images.

Proportion-based normalizations outperform compositional data transformations in machine learning applications

BackgroundNormalization, as a pre-processing step, can significantly affect the resolution of machine learning analysis for microbiome studies. There are countless options for normalization scheme selection. In this study, we examined compositionally aware algorithms including the additive log ratio (alr), the centered log ratio (clr), and a recent evolution of the isometric log ratio (ilr) in the form of balance trees made with the PhILR R package. We also looked at compositionally naïve transformations such as raw counts tables and several transformations that are based on relative abundance, such as proportions, the Hellinger transformation, and a transformation based on the logarithm of proportions (which we call “lognorm”).ResultsIn our evaluation, we used 65 metadata variables culled from four publicly available datasets at the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) level with a random forest machine learning algorithm. We found that different common pre-processing steps in the creation of the balance trees made very little difference in overall performance. Overall, we found that the compositionally aware data transformations such as alr, clr, and ilr (PhILR) performed generally slightly worse or only as well as compositionally naïve transformations. However, relative abundance-based transformations outperformed most other transformations by a small but reliably statistically significant margin.ConclusionsOur results suggest that minimizing the complexity of transformations while correcting for read depth may be a generally preferable strategy in preparing data for machine learning compared to more sophisticated, but more complex, transformations that attempt to better correct for compositionality.DL26Qs8hz41d9wKrFGqt9FVideo

Longitudinal gut microbiome changes in immune checkpoint blockade-treated advanced melanoma

Multiple clinical trials targeting the gut microbiome are being conducted to optimize treatment outcomes for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). To improve the success of these interventions, understanding gut microbiome changes during ICB is urgently needed. Here through longitudinal microbiome profiling of 175 patients treated with ICB for advanced melanoma, we show that several microbial species-level genome bins (SGBs) and pathways exhibit distinct patterns from baseline in patients achieving progression-free survival (PFS) of 12 months or longer (PFS ≥12) versus patients with PFS shorter than 12 months (PFS <12). Out of 99 SGBs that could discriminate between these two groups, 20 were differentially abundant only at baseline, while 42 were differentially abundant only after treatment initiation. We identify five and four SGBs that had consistently higher abundances in patients with PFS ≥12 and <12 months, respectively. Constructing a log ratio of these SGBs, we find an association with overall survival. Finally, we find different microbial dynamics in different clinical contexts including the type of ICB regimen, development of immune-related adverse events and concomitant medication use. Insights into the longitudinal dynamics of the gut microbiome in association with host factors and treatment regimens will be critical for guiding rational microbiome-targeted therapies aimed at enhancing ICB efficacy.

Modeling of a Process Window for Tailored Reinforcements in Overmolding Processes

This study explores cost-effective and customized composite applications by strategically placing carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics in multi-material designs. The focus is on developing a model for the simultaneous processing of non-reinforced and reinforced thermoplastic layers, with the aim of identifying essential parameters to minimize insert flow and ensure desired fiber orientation and positional integrity. The analysis involves an analytical solution for two layered power-law fluids in a squeeze flow setup, aiming to model the combined flow behavior of Newtonian and pseudo-plastic fluids, highlighting the impact of the non-Newtonian nature. The behavior reveals a non-linear trend in the radial flow ratio towards the logarithmic consistency index ratio compared to a linear trend for Newtonian fluids. While a plateau regime of consistency index ratios presents challenges in flow reduction for both layers, exceeding this ratio, depending on the height ratio of the layers, enables a viable overmolding process. Therefore, attention is required when selectively placing tailored composites with long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics or unidirectional reinforcements to avoid operating in the plateau region, which can be managed through appropriate cavity or tool designs.

Efficacy, Safety, and Population Pharmacokinetics of MW032 Compared With Denosumab for Solid Tumor–Related Bone Metastases

The bioequivalence of denosumab biosimilar has yet to be studied in a 53-week, multicenter, large-scale, and head-to-head trial. A clinically effective biosimilar may help increase access to denosumab in patients with solid tumor-related bone metastases. To establish the biosimilarity of MW032 to denosumab in patients with solid tumor-related bone metastases based on a large-scale head-to-head study. In this 53-week, randomized, double-blind, phase 3 equivalence trial, patients with solid tumors with bone metastasis were recruited from 46 clinical sites in China. Overall, 856 patients were screened and 708 eligible patients were randomly allocated to receive either MW032 or denosumab. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive MW032 or reference denosumab subcutaneously every 4 weeks until week 49. The primary end point was percentage change from baseline to week 13 of natural logarithmic transformed urinary N-telopeptide/creatinine ratio (uNTx/uCr). Among the 701 evaluable patients (350 in the MW032 group and 351 in the denosumab group), the mean (range) age was 56.1 (22.0-86.0) years and 460 patients were women (65.6%). The mean change of uNTx/uCr from baseline to week 13 was -72.0% (95% CI, -73.5% to -70.4%) in the MW032 group and -72.7% (95% CI, -74.2% to -71.2%) in the denosumab group. These percent changes corresponded to mean logarithmic ratios of -1.27 and -1.30, or a difference of 0.02. The 90% CI for the difference (-0.04 to 0.09) was within the equivalence margin (-0.13 to 0.13); the mean changes of uNTx/uCr and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (s-BALP) at each time point were also similar during 53 weeks. The differences of uNTx/uCr change were 0.015 (95% CI, -0.06 to 0.09), -0.02 (95% CI, -0.09 to 0.06), -0.05 (95% CI, -0.13 to 0.03) and 0.001 (95% CI, -0.10 to 0.10) at weeks 5, 25, 37, and 53, respectively. The differences of s-BALP change were -0.006 (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.05), 0.00 (95% CI, -0.07 to 0.07), -0.085 (95% CI, -0.18 to 0.01), -0.09 (95% CI, -0.20 to 0.02), and -0.13 (95% CI, -0.27 to 0.004) at weeks 5, 13, 25, 37 and 53, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of skeletal-related events (-1.4%; 95% CI, -5.8% to 3.0%) or time to first on-study skeletal-related events (unadjusted HR, 0.86; P = .53; multiplicity adjusted HR, 0.87; P = .55) in the 2 groups. MW032 and denosumab were biosimilar in efficacy, population pharmacokinetics, and safety profile. Availability of denosumab biosimilars may broaden the access to denosumab and reduce the drug burden for patients with advanced tumors. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04812509.

Proteomic analysis of spermathecal fluid reveals factors related to long‐term sperm storage in ant queens

AbstractAnt queens can maintain a large number of sperm cells for over a decade after mating at the beginning of their adult lives until they die. This sperm storage ability is prominent; however, the cellular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Sperm cells are maintained in the female sperm storage organ—the spermatheca—which supplies a suitable environment for sperm cells. To reveal the molecular basis of the long‐term sperm storage mechanisms in ant queens, protein profiles enriched in the spermathecal fluid relative to the hemolymph were identified in Lasius japonicus using data‐independent acquisition‐based quantitative proteomics technology. Proteins related to the extracellular matrix, antioxidants, metabolic pathways, proteases, chaperones, and with uncharacterized functions were especially abundant with higher log ratio values in the spermathecal fluid relative to the hemolymph. These enriched proteins were shared with highly expressed genes previously detected by transcriptome analyses of the spermatheca in queens of Crematogaster osakensis that belong to a different subfamily than L. japonicus. It is likely that the ability for long‐term sperm storage evolved early in the ant lineage. Therefore, the common proteins identified in these two ant species are possibly crucial for this ability.

The Value of Plasma Atherogenic Index in Prognosis of Sudden Hearing Loss.

The impact of lipid parameters on hearing loss has been extensively studied in the literature. However, there is currently no study investigating the prognostic factor of plasma atherogenic index in patients with sudden hearing loss. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of plasma atherogenic index in patients with sudden hearing loss. Plasma atherogenic index is calculated using the logarithmic ratio of triglycerides [mg/dL] to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ([mg/dL]) based on lipid parameters. The patients were divided into tertiles according to their plasma atherogenic index values and the role of plasma atherogenic index on prognosis was investigated among the tertiles. The difference between baseline and control audiometer values for each patient was calculated, and a linear regression analysis was used to determine its statistical significance. A total of 84 sudden hearing loss patients (57 male: 68%; 27 female: 32%) were included in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 45.3 ± 14.0. There was an inverse relationship between plasma atherogenic index and difference of audiometer values. Linear regression analyses revealed odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals of 0.405 (0.123-1.331) with P=.135 for 500 Hz, 0.371 (0.071-0.990) with P=.048 for 1000 Hz, 0.319 (0.119-0.851) with P=.024 for 2000 Hz and 0.406 (0.161-0.992) with P=.049 for 4000 Hz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that plasma atherogenic index can serve as an indicator of a poor prognosis in the treatment of sudden hearing loss.

An effective Q extraction method via deep learning

Abstract The quality factor (Q) is a parameter reflecting the physical properties of reservoirs. Accurate estimation of the quality factor plays an important role in improving the resolution of seismic data. Spectral-ratio method is a widely used traditional method based on the linear least-squares fitting to extract the quality factor, but is sensitive to noise. This is the main reason preventing this method from being widely used. Some supervised deep-learning methods are proposed to extract Q in which the construction of training labels is a key link. The proposed method is based on the spectral-ratio method to create training labels, avoiding errors in generating them. In contrast to the least-squares method, this paper proposes to use a nonlinear regression algorithm based on a fully connected network to fit the spectral logarithmic ratio and frequency. Meanwhile, the empirical equation is applied to constrain prediction results. The proposed method can effectively overcome the influence of noise and improve the accuracy of prediction results. Tests on the synthesized data of vertical seismic profile and common middle profile show that the proposed method has better generalization ability than the spectral-ratio method. Applying the method to the field vertical seismic profile data successfully extracts the quality factor, which can provide effective information for dividing stratigraphic layers.

A preliminary study of multispectral Cherenkov imaging and a Fricke-xylenol orange gel film (MCIFF) for online, absolute dose measurement.

Cherenkov luminescence imaging has shown potential for relative dose distribution and field verification in radiation therapy. However, to date, limited research utilizing Cherenkov luminescence for absolute dose calibration has been conducted owing to uncertainties arising from camera positioning and tissue surface optical properties. This paper introduces a novel approach to multispectral Cherenkov luminescence imaging combined with Fricke-xylenol orange gel (FXG) film, termed MCIFF, which can enable online full-field absolute dose measurement. By integrating these two approaches, MCIFF allows for calibration of the ratio between two spectral intensities with absorbed dose, thereby enabling absolute dose measurement. All experiments are conducted on a Varian Clinac 23EX, utilizing an electron multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) camera and a two-way image splitter for simultaneous capture of two-spectral Cherenkov imaging. In the first part of this study, the absorbance curves of the prepared FXG film, which receives different doses, are measured using a fluorescence spectrophotometer to verify the correlation between absorbance and dose. In the second part, the FXG film is positioned directly under the radiation beam to corroborate the dose measurement capacity of MCIFF across various beams. In the third part, the feasibility of MCIFF is tested in actual radiotherapy settings via a humanoid model, demonstrating its versatility with various radiotherapy materials. The results of this study indicate that the logarithmic ratios of spectral intensities at wavelengths of 550±50 and 700±100nm accurately reflect variations in radiation dose (R2>0.96) across different radiation beams, particle energies, and dose rates. The slopes of the fitting lines remain consistent under varying beam conditions, with discrepancies of less than 8%. The optical profiles obtained using the MCIFF exhibit a satisfactory level of agreement with the measured results derived from the treatment planning system (TPS) and EBT3 films. Specifically, for photon beams, the lateral distances between the 80% and 20% isodose lines, referred to as the penumbra (P80-20) values, obtained through TPS, EBT3 films, and MCIFF, are determined as 0.537, 0.664, and 0.848cm, respectively. Similarly, for electron beams, the P80-20 values obtained through TPS, EBT3 films, and MCIFF are found to be 0.432, 0.561, and 0.634cm, respectively. Furthermore, imaging of the anthropomorphic phantom demonstrates the practical application of MCIFF in real radiotherapy environments. By combining an FXG film with Cherenkov luminescence imaging, MCIFF can calibrate Cherenkov luminescence to absorbed dose, filling the gap in online 2D absolute dose measurement methods in clinical practice, and providing a new direction for the clinical application of optical imaging to radiation therapy.

Association of Work Stress With Anxiety and Depression Among Adults in Wuhan, China: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction.

This study aimed to explore the relationship of work stress with anxiety and depression and the mediation of job satisfaction. We conducted a survey among gas station workers in Wuhan, China. Multivariate and bootstrap mediating analyses were conducted. The rate of effort-reward imbalance, overcommitment (OC), anxiety, and depression were 22.9%, 29.2%, 20.1%, and 19.9%. Work stress was positively associated with anxiety ( β = 0.213 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.156-0.270] for logarithmic effort-reward ratio [LgERR] and β = 0.563 [95% CI, 0.505-0.621] for OC) and depression ( β = 0.291 [95% CI, 0.227-0.356] for LgERR and β = 0.417 [95% CI, 0.351-0.483] for OC). The mediation of job satisfaction from LgERR and OC to anxiety and depression were 14.93%, 9.05%, 24.34%, and 19.85%. We should concern the anxiety and depression, and work stress status of workers and improve the situation by improving job satisfaction.

Gesture Recognition Technology of VR Piano Playing Teaching Game based on Hidden Markov Model

Virtual Reality (VR) is a kind of simulation environment generated by computer simulation. It is a kind of isolation of users from the physical environment, and users are fully engaged in the simulation environment. In music teaching, especially in the learning of piano performance, VR technology can simulate the real playing experience without physical piano, so that learners can learn and practice piano anywhere. At present, the traditional way of learning piano often needs the guidance of professional piano teachers, and learners must study and practice beside the piano, which undoubtedly brings limitations to the time and space of learners. VR technology provides a more convenient way for learners to learn and practice without a physical piano, making learning more flexible and free. Firstly, a piano playing teaching game platform based on VR technology is constructed to provide a virtual piano playing scene. Then, by collecting a large number of piano players' gesture data, they are accurately marked. Finally, the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is used to train and model the gesture data, and the key features of the gesture sequence are extracted to realize the recognition and real-time feedback of the piano player's gesture. According to the findings, the recognition accuracy of the Principal Component Analysis-HMM (PCA-HMM) without playing correction is very low after playing correction. Compared to the logarithmic likelihood ratio test, the recognition rate of the quadratic statistical model is only 15%. The results show that this method has good iterative convergence and convergence performance, which can effectively avoid falling into local optima. Compared with the traditional hidden Markov algorithm, it reduces 96.05% and 89.48% respectively. Compared with the fuzzy hidden Markov algorithm, it reduces 90.20% and 73.35% respectively. The average time and standard deviation for real-time positioning and map construction are 0.251s and 0.152s, respectively. The fitness of HMM based on fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is 6.8% and 2.6% higher than that of the hidden Markov algorithm and the fuzzy hidden Markov algorithm, respectively. At the same time, in the comparison between the research model and other algorithm models, the accuracy and other parameter performance of the research model are better, with the highest error value of only 3.5, which is 5.9 lower than the lowest Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm model. It can be seen that the error value of the model used in the study is lower and the performance is better. Learners can receive real-time guidance and a more immersive playing experience through this technology. This provides useful reference for further exploring the combination of music teaching and VR technology

Prediction of 5-year overall survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma on the pola-R-CHP regimen based on 2-year event-free survival and progression-free survival.

This study aimed to predict the 5-year overall survival (OS) benefit of pola-R-CHP versus R-CHOP in the POLARIX trial based on the 2-year event-free survival (EFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We identified randomized controlled trials (RCT) published before 31 May 2023. The correlation between the logarithmic (log) hazard ratio (HR) for EFS (HREFS) or PFS (HRPFS) and the HR for OS (HROS) was estimated at the trial-level. Correlation analysis was performed between 2-year PFS or EFS and 5-year OS rates at the treatment arm-level. Linear regression models were used to calculate the 5-year OS of pola-R-CHP and R-CHOP. In the included 20 RCTs, a linear correlation between HREFS (r = 0.765) or HRPFS (r = 0.534) and HROS was observed at the trial- level. Two-year EFS (r = 0.918) or 2-year PFS (r = 0.865) correlated linearly with 5-year OS. Linear regression analysis between 2-year EFS/PFS and 5-year OS gave estimated 5-year OS rates between pola-R-CHP and R-CHOP of 6.4% and 6.3%, respectively. Two-year EFS and PFS are feasible early endpoints in patients with DLBCL treated primarily with immunochemotherapy. The pola-R-CHP regimen is expected to improve 5-year OS.