Locus Of Control Scale Research Articles

Investigating the Locus of Control and Epistemological Beliefs of Social Studies Teacher Candidates in Turkey

Today, the concepts of “epistemological belief” (EB) and “locus of control” (LOC) have become important in education. It is considerable to investigate these concepts on teacher candidates who are the teachers of the future. This study aimed to examine the LOC and EB of social studies teacher candidates. The research, which adopted a survey model, was conducted with five hundred and fifty social studies teacher candidates studying at seven state universities in Turkey. The Locus of Control Scale and the Epistemological Belief Scale were used to collect research data. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Scheffe test, and correlation analysis were employed in the data analysis process. When evaluating the research results, it was determined that female teacher candidates have a higher external LOC. No significant difference was observed in social studies teacher candidates’ LOC regarding their parents’ educational grade level. It was observed that there was a significant difference in the EB of social studies teacher candidates regarding gender. It was revealed that female teacher candidates had underdeveloped/immature EB. No significant difference was found in the EB of social studies teacher candidates based on their parents’ educational levels or grade. It was observed that there is a weak but positive significant relationship between the social studies teacher candidates’ LOC and EB and their sub-scales.

LOCUS OF CONTROL AND DECISION-MAKING COMPETENCE AS PREDICTORS OF WORK STRESS AMONG BUSINESS EDUCATION TEACHERS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA

Stress has become a common phenomenon that is increasingly associated with the workplace. This study investigated the extent to which locus of control and decision-making competence serve as predictors of work stress among business educators in public tertiary institutions in Anambra State. Two research questions guided the study, while two null hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted correlational survey research design. The sample comprised 112 business educators in all the public institutions in Anambra State. A total of three research instruments were used to elicit data for this study. They include the Locus of Control Scale (LCS), the Decision Making Competence Questionnaire (DMCQ), and the Work Stress Scale (WSS-10). The reliability coefficient alphas for the instruments were established using Cronbachs alpha statistics. The outcome yielded reliability coefficient alpha of 0.73 for LCS, 0.76 for DMCQ, and 0.88 for WSS. Data were collected through the direct administration of the instrument to the respondents. The collected data were analysed using simple linear regression. The findings of the study revealed, among others, that locus of control was a significant predictor of work stress among business educators in public tertiary institutions in Anambra State. The findings further revealed that decision-making competence is not a significant predictor of work stress among business educators in public tertiary institutions in Anambra State. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the school administration should encourage business educators in public tertiary institutions to strengthen their locus of control in order to lessen stress at work. They should implement training initiatives to educate business educators on the implications of locus of control in work stress. These initiatives could include workshops, seminars or online courses. KEYWORDS: Locus of control, Decision-making competence, Work stress, Predictors, Business educators, Tertiary institutions

Self-esteem and locus of control of individuals with visual impairments before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent class analysis

This study aims to investigate the effect of lockdowns on self-esteem and the locus of control (LoC) of individuals with visual impairments. This research question is important to be answered, as there is no previous research on the topic, and the findings of this study add significant elements to our knowledge on the subject. It is the first time that a study examines the effect of the pandemic on the self-esteem and LoC of individuals with visual impairments. The sample of the research consisted of 321 individuals with visual impairments; 176 of them participated in the pre-COVID period, 50 in the first wave of COVID period, and 95 in the second wave of COVID period. Two research instruments were used: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Rotter Internal–External LoC Scale. High self-esteem and a more internal LoC are positively associated with the pre-COVID period and negatively associated with first- and second-wave COVID periods. The participants with high self-esteem and internal LoC are most likely males, people with blindness, people who work, people who have a university degree, and people who frequently move independently. However, the individuals with low self-esteem and a more external LoC are most likely older people or people with higher age at onset of visual impairment. The first- and second-wave COVID periods are negatively associated with self-esteem and LoC of individuals with visual impairments.

Role of Locus of Control and Self-Efficacy in Predicting Academic Procrastination: A Quantitative Analysis

Abstract: The current research aimed at studying about locus of control and self-efficacy acting as possible predictors for academic procrastination among students while also assessing the relationships between all the variables and finding any gender differences among them. Procrastination is a very common phenomena observed in many areas of life but can be specially seen among students in academic settings. Many researches have also found the negative effects of academic procrastination on students so it becomes important to know more about it and how it is related to some other aspects in our daily life. A total of N=100 students were part of the study including males (N=50) and females (N=50). For data collection Procrastination assessment scale –students, Rotter’s locus of control scale and General self-efficacy scale was utilised. After data analysis it was found that locus of control and self-efficacy do act as significant predictors for academic procrastination and there were no significant gender differences found among these.

Hope therapy: Can it treat hopelessness and internal locus of control on diabetes mellitus patients?

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are always required to be able to control a healthy lifestyle throughout their life to avoid various diseases that can accompany the previous illness. However, psychological factors in the form of despair due to lack of hope make people with diabetes more depressed and less able to control behavior and maintain blood sugar stability, so an excellent internal locus of control is needed to be stronger. This study aimed to determine the effect of hope therapy in reducing hopelessness and increasing internal locus of control in people with DM. The research design used a experimental study with ten randomly selected respondents divided into two groups, namely the control group and the experimental group. Data retrieval using the locus of control scale and the beck hopelessness scale. Data analysis used non-parametric analysis, namely the Mann Whitney test, Wilcoxon test, and Spearman's Rank Correlation test. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test on the internal locus of control variable show a value of 0.000 and a p score of 0.008 (p <0.05), it can be concluded that there are differences in the internal locus of control in the experimental group compared to the internal locus of control in the control group. The hopelessness variable shows a value of 0.000 and a p score of 0.008 (p <0.05), this indicates that there is a difference in hopelessness in the experimental group and the control group. There is a decrease in hopelessness and an increase in internal locus of control in people with DM given hope therapy.

Do Locus of Control Affect Anthropometric Measurements, Food Intake and Diet Quality in Adolescent Soccer Players?

Aim: This study was conducted to examine the effect of locus of control on anthropometric measurements, nutritional status, and diet quality in adolescent soccer players. Subjects and Method: The study involved 72 male soccer players between the ages of 14 and 18. The researcher utilized the Rotter Locus of Control Scale face-to-face to the athletes to ascertain their locus of control. The 3-day food consumption records of athletes were gathered in order to assess their nutritional state. The Healthy Eating Index-2015 was used to assess the athletes’ dietary quality. Results: The average score of the athletes on Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale was determined as 10.28 ± 3.15. The athletes’ ages, total weights, skeletal muscle weights, and body mass index values were found to have a positive and statistically significant weak connection with the players’ scores on the “Locus of Control”(r: 0.268; p = 0.023; p &lt;0.05). The Total Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score was 37.16±10.14 on average, 90.3% (n=65) of the athletes had a “poor” diet, and 9.7% (n=7) had a diet quality that needed improvement. There was no statistically significant relationship between the athletes’ total HEI score and Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale score (p&gt; 0.05). Regression analysis reveals that it is connected to skeletal muscle weight as a factor in determining the degree of the locus of control (F = 5.756; p = 0.019; p &lt;0.05). Conclusion: Findings related to locus of control of athletes are interesting, however, there is a need for more comprehensive studies that can determine the relationship of locus of control with anthropometric measurements and food intake.

Predictive and Protective Role of Grit, Internal Locus of Control and Social Support in Mental Health of Cardiac Patients

Individuals diagnosed with cardiac diseases often experience poor mental health outcomes. However, grit, social support and internal locus of control can provide protective effects against poor mental health in patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the present study was to assess the predictive and protective role of grit, internal locus of control and social support with regard to mental health of cardiac patients. A total of 250 cardiac patients had been sampled comprising 130 males and 120 females in the age range of 30 to 70 years selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was done using Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Duckworth Grit Scale and DASS-21. Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation and regression analyses using dummy coding. Results showed that among cardiac patients, being a male in the age range of 30 to 45 years of age, being married, having higher levels of education, higher scores on grit with an internal locus of control is associated with improved mental health. It is thus concluded that having an internal locus of control, higher levels of social support and being gritty is associated with improved mental health outcomes in cardiac patients.

Impact of a Co-curricular Poverty Simulation on Pharmacy Students' Socioeconomic and Patient Advocacy Attitudes and Beliefs.

Background: Pharmacists are well-positioned to assist patients facing poverty with financial and well-being resource navigation. Pharmacy educators must find avenues for students that foster awareness of applicable challenges encountered by economically disadvantaged patients. Objective: This study examines the impact of a poverty simulation on pharmacy students' socioeconomic and patient advocacy attitudes and beliefs. Methods: Third year professional pharmacy students participated in the Community Action Poverty Simulation (CAPS). Students were asked to voluntarily complete a survey prior to and following their participation. The survey was based upon a combination of 3 previously validated survey tools: Attitudes Toward Poverty (ATP) scale, Medical Student Attitudes Toward the Underserved (MSATU), and the Locus of Control Scale (LCS). Students also responded to open-ended questions postsimulation. Results: Forty of the 74 students completed both the presimulation and postsimulation surveys. Significant changes were seen in a matched sample analysis for 17 of 49 survey questions. Prominent differences (decreasing agreement) came from the statements: "An able-bodied person collecting welfare is ripping off the system" and "Welfare makes people lazy"; and increasing agreement that "I feel personally responsible for providing medical care to the needy." Open-ended survey responses reflected a greater understanding of time and effort needed to locate and navigate available resources, and challenges such as adhering to medication regimens due to inability to pay. Conclusion: A poverty simulation, such as CAPS, is an effective method to encourage pharmacy students to reflect on their future impact toward patients facing the challenges of poverty. The shift in students' attitudes and beliefs on various measures revealed that the simulation had an impact on altering perceptions for those with low socioeconomic status.

Predicting College Students’ Mental Health Based on Religious Faith Mediated by Happiness, Ambivalent Attachment Style and Locus of Control

Objective: The present study was designed to examine the college student's mental health predication model based on religious faith mediated by happiness, ambivalent attachment style and ‎locus of control. Methods: The method of study was correlational. The statistical population included all college students of the Shiraz University in the academic year of 2013-2014. The sample included 240 college students selected by convenience sampling method. Measures included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28, 1979), the Religious Faith Scale (RFS, 2014), the Oxford Happiness Scale (OHI, 1989), the Collins and Read Attachment Scale (RAAS, 1990), and the Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale (RLCS, 1966). The data were analyzed by multiple regression, path analysis and structural equation modeling methods. Results: The data were analyzed by multiple regression, path analysis and structural equation modeling methods. The results of the study show that the variables of religious faith (ρ = 0.0001, β = 0.29), happiness variable (ρ = 0.0001, β = 0.37) and ambivalent attachment (ρ = 0.0001, β = 0.29) were able to predict mental health in a positive and meaningful way. Likewise, religious faith positively and significantly predicted happiness (ρ = 0.0001, β = 0.54) and ambivalent attachment (ρ = 0.0001, β = -0.21) negatively and meaningfully. The religious faith could not predict the locus of control. The mediating role of happiness was confirmed. However, the mediating role of ambivalent attachment style and locus of control was not confirmed. Conclusion: The modified model confirmed the mediating role of happiness between religious faith and mental health. Therefore, those components of faith that lead to happiness might be a protective marker for mental health.

Investigation of Anxiety and Health Locus of Control in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.

Hemodialysis is the most frequent treatment modality for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). However, a number of limitations and modifications accompany this treatment, affecting people's physical and psychological well-being and increasing anxiety symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of anxiety and health locus of control among dialysis patients. One hundred and five patients on hemodialysis treatment completed a questionnaire with demographic characteristics, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Multidisciplinary Health Locus of Control Scale. Women had significantly higher levels of state anxiety than men (p=0.019). Similarly, patients with primary school education had significantly higher trait and total anxiety levels than those with technological education (p=0.002 and p=0.033, respectively). Widowed patients exhibited significantly higher state, trait, and total anxiety levels than married (p=0.032, p=0.012, and p=0.012, respectively). Participants who did not do any kind of exercise had significantly higher level of state, trait, and total anxiety than those who did (p=0.011, p=0.015, and p=0.006, respectively). Respondents who did not have any self-care skills had significantly higher level of state, trait, and total anxiety than those who had (p=0.011, p=0.015, and p=0.006, respectively). State, trait, and total anxiety levels were significantly (p≤0.05) correlated negatively with internal locus of control and positively with "chance" locus of control scale. Hemodialysis patients had increased anxiety symptoms and believed that others had control over their health to a greater extent. Renal professionals need to apply effective interventions to dialysis patients in order to help them gain a better sense of control over their health and reduce anxiety symptoms.

Locus of control and Public Secondary School Teachers Job Involvement as sustainable Development in Oyo State, Nigeria

The paper examines the relationship between Locus of control and Job Involvement of public secondary school teachers’ in Oyo state, Nigeria, in the context of sustainable development. Data was collected from 250 respondents (secondary school teachers) through questionnaire prepared from Mary Lynn Collins scale, Rotter’s locus of control scale and Kanungo scale for job involvement. Collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentage, average, mean and standard deviation. The result of the study revealed that locus of control had a significant positive association with job involvement among the teachers. The implications for educational policy making, as well as future research are discussed.

Assessment of Level of Motivation, Locus of Control and their Associated Factors among Alcohol Dependent Males: A Longitudinal Study

Introduction: Alcohol dependence is a major health problem across the globe. Relapses are a characteristic feature of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) with various factors studied to identify the ideal management options. Motivation levels are a reflection of an individual’s readiness to act on a new healthy behaviour. Locus of control reflects individuals’ beliefs about the degree of control they exert over their life events. Aim: To assess the motivation level and locus of control in alcohol dependent males and determining their relationship with successful recovery. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, longitudinal was conducted at the Psychiatry Ward of a Tertiary Care Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India. Total 150 adult males, who fit the criteria for alcohol dependence as per International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The motivation level and drinking pattern were assessed by the application of Readiness to Change Questionnaire and Rotter’s Locus of Control scale. Categorical data were presented as frequency and proportions. The Fisher’s-exact test was used to evaluate differences between groups for categorised variables. Results: Total 150 patients were recruited for this study, the mean age was 37±5.6 years. Overall, 94 (62.7%) participants had their first drink at 18 to 24 years of age and 64 (42.7%) participants reported onset of dependence at the age of 26-30 years. Overall, 70 (46.7%) participants were in the precontemplation level of motivation, as assessed by the Readiness To Change Questionnaire. A majority (n=126, 84%) of the cases had an external locus of control and a majority of lapses happened during 1st and 2nd months of the study. Age and educational status were found to have statistically significant association with motivation. Level of education, socio-economic class, motivation, pattern of drinking and locus of control had statistically significant association with lapsed cases. Conclusion: The locus of control of an individual, motivation level, and the pattern of drinking serve as prognosticators of lapse in patients with ADS. Individuals with poor motivation to change and those with an external locus of control require intensive follow-up and specific intervention programmes to prevent relapse.

A Research Proposal - Social Influence in Virtual Spaces: Social Proof Versus Authority Power

The proposed research aims to explore the influences of authority power and social proof while considering personality characteristics in a post-pandemic virtual environment. This study will be conducted online as a conceptual replication of a recent experimental study (Danay et al., 2016) that was conducted in person and compared social influence strategies drawn from two of psychology’s most classic studies. This replication will include several personality factors. Scripts, language, inflection, and tone will imitate the classic Milgram experiments of the 1960s to display authority power, while a virtual version of the classic Asch line study will mimic social proof (Asch, 1955; Milgram, 1963). Participants will choose between Milgram’s authoritative commands and Asch’s intense social pressure. Prior to entering the live experiment participants will complete the Big 5 Inventory (BFI; McCrae &amp; Costa, 2003), Locus of Control Scale (LCS; Rotter, 1966), and Adult Attachment Questionnaire (Simpson, et al., 1996). The two social forces (authority vs. social pressure) will be compared during the proposed study. The hypotheses posed are as follows: H1) It is expected that a majority of participants will be influenced by social proof rather than authority. H2) Agreeableness and openness will negatively correlate with authority and positively correlate with social proof. H3) External locus of control will positively correlate with authority. H4) Individuals with an avoidant attachment style will adhere to authority while anxiously attached individuals will follow social proof. This research may provide insight into forces that influence an individual’s judgment in a virtual environment.

Locus of Control as a Mediator of the Relationships Between Motivational Systems and Trait Anxiety.

The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, first proposed by Gray and later revised, describes three motivational systems: Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), Behavioral Activation System (BAS), and Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS). Studies have shown that high BIS and FFFS activation are positively related to anxiety symptoms, yet the relationship between BAS and anxiety remains unclear. Research data have also suggested that anxiety symptoms occur with the loss of perceived control. Thus, although studies on the direct effect of locus of control (LOC) on trait anxiety have accumulated for many years, the issue of how LOC may mediate the relationship between BIS/BAS/FFFS sensitivity and anxiety has not been addressed. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of LOC orientation on trait anxiety among young adults in association with these three motivational systems. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 422 volunteers. The BIS/BAS Scale, Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Rotter's Internal-External LOC Scale were applied. A series of mediation analyses were performed to estimate total, indirect, and direct effects. The results showed that BIS and FFFS positively predicted trait anxiety. In addition, LOC positively predicted trait anxiety and BIS. The results of the mediation analyses indicated that LOC functioned as a partial mediator between BIS and trait anxiety. This finding revealed that a high BIS level, one of the motivational systems, was associated with external LOC, which in turn contributed to reporting high trait anxiety in young adults. Hence, BIS and external LOC orientation could be suggested as risk factors for trait anxiety. As the external LOC orientation of individuals with high punishment sensitivity increased, their trait anxiety levels also increased. Therefore, it was suggested that it might be useful to be aware that LOC orientations of individuals with BIS sensitivity may pose a risk for trait anxiety.

Patient-oncologist working alliance and its relation to locus of control.

In this study, we assessed the patient-oncologist relationship, conceptualized as the working alliance from a dyadic perspective, and its relation to locus of control. One hundred and three oncologist-patient dyads were recruited. Measures included a sociodemographic and medical questionnaire; the "internal, powerful others, and chance" locus of control scale; and the working alliance inventory. Application of the actor-partner interdependence model yielded 2 actor effects: a positive association between oncologist "internal" locus of control and oncologist working alliance, and a negative association between oncologist "chance" locus of control and oncologist working alliance. It also yielded one partner effect: a positive association between oncologist "internal" locus of control and patient working alliance. The actor-partner effect suggests that oncologists' locus of control has a role in the establishment of the patient-oncologist working alliance; oncologists' internal locus of control is a dominant factor affecting not only their own perceived alliance but patients' perceived alliance as well.

A Comparison of Relation between Resilience, Locus of Control, Quality of Relationship and Pain Intensity with Dialysis Adequacy in Patients with Peritoneal and Hemodialysis.

Objective: Mental health in people with chronic diseases undergoes many changes due to conflict with the pain caused by the disease, which can have a reciprocal effect on the course and quality of the patient's treatment. The goal of the present study is to compare the correlation between locus of control, relationship quality, pain intensity and resilience with dialysis adequacy and laboratory indicators in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients. Method : This causal-comparative study was conducted on 30 hemodialysis (HD) and 30 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients through the convenience sampling method. The data was collected using Pierce Quality Relationship Inventory (QRI), Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Rotter's Locus of Control Scale (RLOC), and Von Korff's Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), and experimental data collected through blood and urine sampling and analyzed with Fisher's test and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: Conclusion of the Fisher test evinced that there was a significant difference between quality of relationships with parents and amount of Potassium (K), Phosphorus (P) and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) as well between quality of relationships with friends and amount of Creatinine (Cr), and between the intensity of pain with K and Albumin (Alb) in patients with PD and HD (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Conclusion of analysis of variance showed that the mean scores of quality of relationships with friends, K, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Cr, Alb and PTH in the PD group were significantly lower than the mean scores of HD patients (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Also, mean of dialysis adequacy in patients with PD was significantly higher (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Based on findings, in order to increase dialysis adequacy of patients, along with medical interventions, psychological variables and mental health improvement of patients should also be considered.

Hubungan antara Locus of Control dengan Prokrastinasi Akademik pada Mahasiswa Psikologi IAIN Kediri

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between locus of control and academic procrastination in psychology students at IAIN Kediri. This study used a quantitative random sampling method with 68 students as the subject. The measuring instrument used was a locus of control scale with a reliability of 0.958 and academic procrastination with a reliability of 0.893 which was compiled by the researcher. After the sample is given a measuring instrument, the results of statistical calculations with Pearson's product moment analysis show the sig = -0.011 (&gt; r table 0.244) and a determination coefficient of 0.121, which means that the locus of control variable contributes to academic procrastination by 12.1 percent and the rest 87.9% is determined by other factors.

The Interface Between Metacognitive Strategy Training and Locus of Control in Developing EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension Skill

This study investigated the effects of metacognitive listening strategy instruction (MLSI) and learners’ locus of control orientation on the listening comprehension of EFL learners. 100 EFL students at the University of Zanjan and Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin were randomly chosen. The participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (N = 50) and a control group (N = 50). The experimental group received 10 weeks of treatment including 10 sessions of metacognitive listening strategy training. Both groups took the Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire and Rotter’s Internal-External Locus of Control Scale before the treatment sessions. Then, they took the listening pre-test and after the treatment, the listening post-test was administered and the required data was obtained. The findings revealed that MLSI had a significant impact on the learners’ listening comprehension for the learners with internal LoC; However, external LoC did not have any significant moderating effect on listening comprehension ability. Pedagogical implications are suggested for an EFL teaching/learning context.

Perception Of Body Image And Health Control In Patients With Psoriasis: How It Is Related

Psoriasis is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory skin disease that causes rashes on the skin of the body, scalp and nails. People with psoriasis face a variety of psychosocial difficulties due to their illness. The quality of life in psoriasis deteriorates due to the perceived stigmatization in society that a person affected by the disease may experience. Rashes, dandruff is often considered subjectively the worst aspect of the disease, as visible skin lesions change patients' appearance and perception of body image. A person well-being and health-related behaviors are related to a person’s perception of their health locus of control. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived stigmatization, body image perception, and health locus of control in psoriasis patients. Participants filled the Feelings of Stigmatization Questionnaire, Dresden Body Image Questionnaire (DBIQ-NL) and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC). The study involved adults with psoriasis (n = 111). The results showed that men with psoriasis have a more positive perception of the body, have perception that others were responsible for their health. The degree of skin damage in patients is directly related to perceived stigmatization. For psoriasis sufferers, the belief that control over their health is beyond their control acts as a mediator between perceived stigma and body acceptance.

External Locus of Control and Elementary Teachers' Subjective Wellbeing: Self-efficacy As a Mediator

In this study I explored the relationships among the locus of control, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being (SWB) of elementary school teachers in China, with a focus on the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between external locus of control and SWB. A survey was conducted with 305 elementary school teachers using the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and SWB measurements. External locus of control was found to be negatively correlated with SWB, and selfefficacy was positively correlated with SWB. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that self-efficacy partially mediated the effect of external locus of control on SWB, with the indirect effect accounting for 36.34% of the total explained variance. Promoting a sense of control and self-efficacy may be effective in improving elementary school teachers' SWB.