Location Of Industrial Facilities Research Articles

Mechanical properties of soils in internal waste bank of lignite mines and their primary characteristics

The modern development of urban areas is related to, among others, the location of industrial facilities on the outskirts of cities. More and more often, commercial buildings are founded on areas that have not been used for construction so far. Such areas include, among others: reclaimed lignite mine banks in the Konin region. The man-made soil is a chaotic mixture of fragments of glacial tills and Pliocene clays, often exceeding 20 m in thickness, which is naturally consolidated over time. Due to the method of formation of the embankment, despite the fact that banks are made of natural soil, their strength and deformation characteristics clearly differ from those characteristic of lithologically similar soils deposited as a result of geological processes. In this case, the use of a standard test approach may overestimate the strength and stiffness of the soil. Due to the complex structure of the bank in-situ tests were used for geotechnical exploration: CPTU and FVT, as well as laboratory tests in a triaxial apparatus and an oedometer. The results were compared with the results of studies conducted in similar naturally deposited soils. The obtained results provide valuable geotechnical characteristics of the embankment soil, which in its large fragments is built of natural soil clasts. The obtained results indicate a relatively small change in the geotechnical properties of the soils incorporated into the embankment within individual clasts of the natural soil (on a local scale) and a clear deterioration in the scale of the entire embankment, treated as the impact zone of building structures.

LOCATION OF INDUSTRY IN UŞAK AND ITS EFFECT ON URBAN MACROFORM

The city of Uşak is an important industrial city today, especially with its traditional business lines, its inclusion in the priority provinces in development, and its accelerated industry. In this study, the development of the industry was evaluated together with the development process of residential areas. The relationship between the development of the city and the location of industrial facilities and its effect on the shaping of the urban macroform were examined. The fact that no studies on this subject have been carried out in the city constitutes the main starting point. The literature review was carried out by considering the data in the historical process. It has been determined that there are 3 important breaking points of the city and industrial development. The findings were differentiated between the 1923-1953 Period, the 1953-1990 Period, and the Post-1990 Period, and the relationship between industrial location and residential texture development for each period was examined on a spatial scale on maps that were originally prepared with the AutoCAD program. As a result of the study, the effects of industrial facilities, industrial clusters, and OIZ areas located on the city periphery were evaluated, and guiding determinations and suggestions for urban planning were presented. Keywords: Industry Localization, Urban Macroform, Urban Development, Uşak City.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ОЦІНКИ РИЗИКУ ПІД ЧАС ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ САНІТАРНО-ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЧНОЇ ЕКСПЕРТИЗИ ДЛЯ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ РОЗМІРІВ САНІТАРНО-ЗАХИСНИХ ЗОН ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

Objective. Justify need to use the methodology of human health risk assessment to determine the size of sanitary protection zones for industrial enterprises (especially, I-II hazard classes). Materials and methods: sanitary protection zone of an industrial enterprise; mathematical modelling of air pollution; physical and chemical analysis methods of pollutants; human health risk assessment; cartographic methods using geographic information systems (GIS; ArcGis 10.0) and Earth remote sensing data (remote sensing; space images). Results. Improved understanding effectiveness of the human health risk assessment (HHRA) methodology used during the state sanitary and epidemiological examination of materials on the substantiation of the sanitary protection zones size for industrial enterprises. The human health risk has been assessed and the effectiveness of the developed and implemented management decisions on health and environmental issues has been demonstrated. The risk was reduced by almost 30 times compared to 2009 after environmental conservation measures (non-carcinogenic risk of chronic inhalation in 2009 for manganese and its compounds was HQ=15.3÷41.0; in 2012, HQ=1.1÷1.5). Priority and assessment of the contribution of individual emission sources (in %) to the total air pollution was additionally conducted and further phased implementation of environmental measures is recommended. This allowed to reduce the risk to the limit (allowable) indicators. Conclusions. Scientifically substantiated the need to study the patterns of distribution of potentially dangerous chemicals in the natural atmosphere and analyze the level of their concentration in the enterprise operation area (radius 40 heights of the largest pipe, m) at different distances in all directions of the world by rhumbs, taking into account territorial features (characteristics of land use, topographic and meteorological data) location of industrial facilities and residential areas. The necessity of HHRA implementation accelerating within the framework of arbitrary procedures through the support of cooperation in management decisions in the development and improvement of environmental and hygienic measures to reduce air pollution has been implemented.

ПРАВОВІ ПРОБЛЕМИ РАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ТА ОХОРОНИ ЗЕМЕЛЬ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ

The article highlights the problems of legal protection and rational use of industrial lands. It is established that industrial lands are used directly as a spatial basis, the location of industrial facilities. In the article the author emphasizes that the lands of industry need to take measures for their rational use and protection. It is noted that the location on the lands of industry of a significant number of enterprises of ferrous, nonferrous metallurgy, chemical industry, mining enterprises significantly worsens the state of the environment. It has been established that mining enterprises are considered to be one of the most dangerous enterprises located on industrial lands. It is stated that the protection and rational use of industrial lands is one of the important areas through which the required level of environmental safety and balance of the environment is ensured. The expediency of the process of greening of industrial production is proved. The problems of legal regulation, protection and rational use of industrial lands are indicated. The author provides suggestions for improving the legal regulation of industrial lands.

Breathe Easy? Local Nuances of Authoritarian Environmentalism in China's Battle against Air Pollution

AbstractThe heavy smog suffocating China's cities is increasingly being perceived as a threat by both the population and the authorities. Consequently, political action aiming at regulating ambient air pollution has become increasingly comprehensive and rigid in recent years. Even measures limiting consumption and production seem to become acceptable as China is facing an airpocalypse. Does this suggest a genesis of real “authoritarian environmentalism” (AE) in China? Taking this as a heuristic point of departure, we present findings from research on the implementation of air pollution control measures in Hangzhou city. We offer a critical examination of the concept of AE and, in particular, of local policy implementation strategies vis-à-vis the general public. Two measures in Hangzhou's air policy portfolio are analysed that reveal considerable variation: restrictions on the use of private cars and the (re)location of industrial facilities. Describing the conditions that have helped to produce different implementation strategies, we argue for different emphases in a potential Chinese model of AE. In a context where outcomes are sought at any cost, we observe more complexity and nuances than are usually captured by the AE concept.

A quantitative methodology for indexing environmental sensitivity and pollution potential.

A methodology for rating the suitability of sites for the location of industrial facilities is formulated and applied to the case of a coal-fired power plant location. The methodology comprises two major interlinked components: the environmental plant location indexing component, which involves the identification, scaling and weighting of environmental sensitivity factors; and the impact analysis component, which involves the superimposition of the pollution generation impacts of an industrial facility on spatially gridded zones of various environmental sensitivities. For each rectangular areal unit defined by a square grid, the Unit Pollution Potential Index is determined by the severity and distribution of key environmental sensitivity factors and the coverage of superimposed pollutant effects as determined by contaminant fate and transport models. For any alternative site of a planned facility, the summation of the unit indices over the area of influence of the facility provides the quantitative Pollution Index, which can be used as a basis for comparison of alternative sites for planned facilities. For this paper, this methodology is applied to the hypothetical case of the siting of a coal-fired power plant in the northeastern region of the United States, in which three alternative sites are considered. The three sites: A, B and C yielded indices of 47.83, 47.91 and 47.6, respectively, indicating that site C is the most suitable for siting the power plant.

Sustainability, greenhouse gas emissions and international operations management

This paper focuses on the terms of reference of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which was drafted to support environmental sustainability through the mitigation of global warming. The paper provides information on the main features of the protocol, especially the commercial incentives for companies in industrialised countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Particular attention is paid to the role of the operations manager and strategist in the selection of processes, plant and equipment to meet these commercial incentives, and the location of industrial facilities under conditions of political and economic uncertainty. The paper demonstrates the importance of the political and economic factors influencing environmental investment decisions, particularly those factors which often lie outside the usual terms of reference of operations managers.

Monte Carlo estimates of dosages of gases dispersing in the atmosphere

The location of industrial facilities is a matter of considerable public concern following recent well-publicized disasters. In future, any development decisions must take into account the likely impact on the surrounding environment of possible accident scenarios and the risks involved. For an atmospheric release of a toxic gas, the concentration level and the duration of exposure will be critical in assessing the potential hazards. One measure proposed for determining just such an assessment is the generalized dosage Dn. This paper describes a method for estimating the statistical properties of Dn, based on the fact that the concentration, Γ, of any gas released into the atmosphere is a random variable and is fully described by its associated probability density function (pdf). Two scenarios are discussed: a comparatively long term release from a continuous source of gas, in which the pdf is assumed to be statistically stationary, and an instantaneous release in which the pdf evolves with time. The effects of varying the response time of the body exposed to the gas are investigated. The emphasis is placed on simple modelling ideas, with an eye on possible predictive schemes in the future. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Monte Carlo estimates of dosages of gases dispersing in the atmosphere

The location of industrial facilities is a matter of considerable public concern following recent well-publicized disasters. In future, any development decisions must take into account the likely impact on the surrounding environment of possible accident scenarios and the risks involved. For an atmospheric release of a toxic gas, the concentration level and the duration of exposure will be critical in assessing the potential hazards. One measure proposed for determining just such an assessment is the generalized dosage Dn. This paper describes a method for estimating the statistical properties of Dn, based on the fact that the concentration, Γ, of any gas released into the atmosphere is a random variable and is fully described by its associated probability density function (pdf). Two scenarios are discussed: a comparatively long term release from a continuous source of gas, in which the pdf is assumed to be statistically stationary, and an instantaneous release in which the pdf evolves with time. The effects of varying the response time of the body exposed to the gas are investigated. The emphasis is placed on simple modelling ideas, with an eye on possible predictive schemes in the future. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.