Head Of Local Government Research Articles

Seoul’s Autonomous Legislative Analysis and Policy Tasks

지방자치단체장 직선제도를 도입한지 24년이 되는 시점에서 그동안의 서울특별시의 지방자치제도 시행결과에 대해 제도적·운영적 측면에서 지방자치제도의 한계가 노정되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 서울특별시 지방자치 24년 동안의 자치권의 변동요인을 분석하였다. 분석의 주요 대상은 서울특별시의 자치입법권을 중심으로 분석하고, 한계점과 극복과제를 제안하는 것이다. 1995년부터의 서울특별시 지방자치 24년에서 자치입법권의 순기능과 역기능에 관한 분석을 통해 지방자치발전의 대안을 제안하였다. 특히, 정치적 한계와 헌법적 한계 등 중앙정부로부터의 규제 등의 요인을 도출하고 그 극복대안으로 지방분권형 헌법개정(안)을 제언하였다. 본 연구는 서울특별시 지방자치 24년 동안의 자치입법권의 시행경과, 조례제정과 개정 및 폐지 실태 평가를 통해 향후 지방자치의 미래예측 및 대응과제를 발굴하여 제도적 개선함으로 제언한 데에 의의가 있다.In the 24 years since the introduction of the direct system of local government heads, the limits of local autonomy have been set in terms of institutional and operational aspects regarding the results of the implementation of local autonomy in Seoul. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors of autonomy in Seoul for 24 years. The main object of the analysis is to analyze the autonomous legislative powers of Seoul Metropolitan Government and propose limitations and challenges. In 1995, the Seoul Metropolitan Government s 24 years of local autonomy proposed an alternative to local autonomous development through an analysis of the net and adverse functions of the autonomous legislature. In particular, the derivation of decentralized constitutional constitutional amendments was proposed as a means of deriving factors such as regulations from the central government such as political and constitutional limits. The purpose of this study is to suggest the systemic improvement by discovering the future prediction and countermeasures of local autonomy by evaluating the implementation of the legislative legislation for 24 years and the establishment of ordinances, amendment and abolition of the municipal autonomy.

지방자치단체장의 지역 비전과 지역발전정책 전개 간 연관성 분석 －전남 고흥군을 사례로－

지방자치단체장의 지역 비전과 지역발전정책 전개 간 연관성 분석 －전남 고흥군을 사례로－

Engagement of Regional Stakeholders in Territory Marketing of Latvian Regions

This article is aimed at empirical establishment of the role of territory marketing in strategic development of Latvian regions from the point of view of regional stakeholders – population, entrepreneurs and the heads of local governments. The potential of regional development is characterized by the flows of strategic resources, which on the basis of resource approach concept form methodological base of strategic, i.e. long-term, development of regions instead of the short-term one. The results of the author’s empirical research showed that the significance of marketing factors, i.e. factors which were created by people in the course of purposeful market activity, was much higher than the significance of non-marketing factors. At the same time, non-marketing factors were much better developed in Latvian regions than marketing factors and it was a practical economic problem, which hindered strategic development of Latvian regions. The authors offer to use a new index, i.e. real marketing force of the factor, and have developed a new scientific product which is an assessment of real marketing force of some factors for Latvian regions. It can be used by specialists and practitioners in the sphere of regional policy and development to assess, monitor and use such tools of territory marketing, which are based on regional stakeholders’ opinion as the framework of legitimacy of these tools.

Integration of ecosystem services as public values within election promises: evidence from the 2018 local elections in Korea

Integrating ecosystem services into public policy is critical for sustainability. Such integration requires public managers to prioritize ecosystem services as public values. However, the actual evidence for this prioritization remains scarce. To explore this evidence, we assessed officially documented election promises from 243 elected local government heads in the 2018 local elections in South Korea using qualitative content analysis. The study results showed that these government heads prioritized various ecosystem services as public values, including agricultural products and nature-based tourism. Ecosystem services management was even proposed to mitigate social issues, such as using forests to reduce particulate matter and the political tension between South and North Korea. Economic, cultural, and conservation values were associated with these ecosystem services, but economic values were the government heads’ main motivation to prioritize these services in the elections. Our findings demonstrate that ecosystem services have widely permeated the public-policy making process, but mainly in the form of market-based approaches.

The Recruitment Process of the Head of Local Government by Political Parties In Malang Raya Region

Direct regional head elections are in the process of recruiting leaders in regions that can guarantee the representation of local people through a democratic process. In this process, theoretically and constitutionally political parties have important and strategic roles and functions. Unfortunately, the oligarchic practice that engulfed almost all political parties has internally and externally recognized the basic principles of democracy in the process of recruiting prospective leaders in the region. The democratic process is only procedural, not substantial. So far it is strongly suspected that the process of regional head elections is more colored by transactional politics. This paper aims first, to obtain an overview of the recruitment process of candidates by political parties in the regional head elections in the Malang Raya region. Second, to obtain a description that is the power of money not only in choosing candidates for the regional head, but also able to lull constituents and voters in determining the choice of regional heads. Third, to obtain an explanation of the impact of the transactional political process and the use of the power of money as well as the impact on the relationship between political parties and their constituents in the Malang Raya region.

THE EFFECT OF DISCRETIONARY SPENDING ON INCUMBENT VICTORIES IN ELECTIONS

Purpose of the study: This study aims to investigate the opportunistic behavior of local government heads in Indonesia using discretionary spending (grant spending, social assistance, and financial assistance) to win an election.
 Methodology: The study uses logistic regression on 133 samples of district/municipal governments in Indonesia prior to the election period.
 Main findings: The study finds no evidence that the average proportion and growth of discretionary expenditure affects the electability of incumbents in Indonesia’s local government head elections. That is, the use of discretionary spending is not sufficiently effective to attract sympathy from voters.
 Applications of the study: The results of the study provide inputs, especially for incumbents, to help focus more on performance, as it is proven that it leads to a higher probability of being re-elected, rather than the use of discretionary spending as an election-winning strategy. Government and NGOs should inform voters to be more cautious about the opportunistic behavior of their leaders.
 Novelty/originality of the study: Although some previous studies have examined the use of discretionary spending by incumbents, there has been little research, which provides evidence that such spending for political purposes can in fact help to win elections.

Financial statements disclosure on Indonesian local government websites

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which audit opinion, audit findings, follow-up audit recommendations, level of education, level of welfare and heads of local governments’ commitment influence the disclosure of financial statements on the official website of local government. Design/methodology/approach The data of this research comprise 68 financial statements during the period 2015–2016 collected from 34 local governments across Indonesia by employing the census method. The data then are analyzed using logistic regression. Findings The results of this study show that audit opinion has a positive significant influence on the disclosure of financial statements on local government websites in Indonesia, while the audit findings, follow-up audit recommendations, level of education, level of welfare and heads of local governments’ commitment have no significant influences on the disclosure of financial statements local governments’ websites across Indonesia. Originality/value The study contributes to the public sector accounting research by enhancing our understanding to the disclosure of financial statements on local government websites.

River Chief System (RCS): An experiment on cross-sectoral coordination of watershed governance

The trans-regional characteristics of watershed governance produce more problems beyond the capacity of each individual water-related department, leading to the fragmentation of watershed management. The River Chief System (RCS) has experienced swift developments over the past decade in China by appointing the local government heads as river chiefs. RCS works efficiently in the short-term due to its superiority in the inclusion of clear responsibility, authority, and multi-sectoral collaboration. However, the characteristics of the authority-based vertical coordination of the hierarchical system remain unchanged, and therefore the problems of organizational logic and the responsibility dilemma still exist. Tasks including perfecting of laws, integrated watershed management, and public participation still need to be completed. RCS reflects the routine and characteristics of the migration of national governance, and as such provides new insights for other developing countries in the design of river management systems.

Authorities of Indonesian National Police in Criminal Act over Local Government Heads Elections

The position of Indonesian National Police (Polri) is stipulated in Act Number 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Code Procedure and Act Number 2 of 2001 concerning Indonesian National Police. Act Number 16 of 2016 implies that the authorities of Indonesian National Police cannot be directly executed without command from Integrated Law Enforcement Centre, thus this principle is deemed irrelevant to criminal justice system. Keywords: Police, Police Authorities, Local Government Heads Elections DOI : 10.7176/JLPG/85-05 Publication date :May 31 st 2019

Citizens and the city: the case for participatory budgeting in the City of Zagreb

Since there is constant concern that local government heads allocate budget resources in favour of various pressure groups, the paper investigates whether local participatory budgeting can be implemented in order to better align budget allocation with citizens’ needs in the Croatian context. The paper analyses the results of the citizen survey intended to question whether the citizens of Zagreb could embrace the participatory budgeting, based on their interest in the way the money of Zagreb’s taxpayers is spent and willingness to participate in the budget preparation process. The main determinants of the interest, awareness and participation of citizens in local budget processes are explored as well. The results of this study indicate a moderate level of citizen awareness and interest in local budget processes, but an extremely low level of participation. Since citizen participation is crucial for democratic decision-making and ensuring transparency and accountability, the identified factors should be addressed in a planned manner. Citizens’ willingness and capacity can be increased through raising awareness and implementing measures intended to encourage spontaneous participation.

Local Leader Election According to Acts No. 9, 2015 as Related to Local Government System Found in Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia

According to the constitution, local leaders election is people’s sovereignty right, whether it is direct or indirect. This right is implemented by electing the local leaders once in five years in the realization of local leader election as a system in Indonesia. The fourth principle of Pancasila states that “ democracy is led by prudence and wisdom in the deliberation of delegation ” and Chapter 18 verse 4 states that “ Governor, Regent, and Mayor as the heads of local government in a province, regency, and city should be elected democratically, ” which is associated with Acts No. 23, 2014 “about local government” in which Chapter 1, verse (6) states that “Local Autonomy is a right, and it is local autonomy’s responsibility to manage and administer individually its government and local society’s interest in the system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.” Verse (7) states “Autonomy Principle is the basic principle of the implementation of local government based on local autonomy.” Government’s Regulation No. 1, 2014 states about the election of governor, regent, and mayor; and Chapter 1, verse (23) states that “Local Government is the Governor, Regent, Mayor, and the local officers as the organizational element of the local government.” Keywords : Local Leader Election, Local Government, Local Autonomy, Pancasila , the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. DOI : 10.7176/PPAR/9-3-08 Publication date :March 31 st 2019

A Study on the Influence of Transformational Leadership of Local Government Heads on Organizational Effectiveness of Local Government Officials

A Study on the Influence of Transformational Leadership of Local Government Heads on Organizational Effectiveness of Local Government Officials

Does the longer tenure of local government heads affect the performance of local governments? The Korean case

ABSTRACTThe relationship between the length of tenure of elected heads of local governments (HOLG) and performance of local governments remains ambiguous, with few empirical studies on it. Korea presents a compelling case in that it has limited HOLG to serve only three consecutive terms based on the untested belief that longer tenures have a negative effect on local governments. To address these gaps, this study applies the fixed effect panel model, using the Korean government data from 2008 to 2014. Our findings reveal a negative relationship between tenure length and efficiency, particularly among local governments demonstrating a low level of efficiency. The relationship between the length of tenure and integrity is also negative, especially among local governments with low levels of integrity. However, given that these relationships disappear when factors specific to local governments are controlled, our findings should be interpreted cautiously.

Political Parties and the Recruitment Process of Local Government Heads in Malang Raya

Direct elections for the head of local government were a process of recruiting leaders in regions that can guarantee the representation of local people through a democratic process. In this process, theoretically and constitutionally political parties have important and strategic roles and functions. Unfortunately, the oligarchic practice that engulfed almost all political parties has internally and externally recognized the basic principles of democracy in the process of recruiting prospective leaders in the region. The democratic process is only procedural, not substantial. So far it is strongly suspected that the process of regional head elections is more colored by transactional politics. This paper aims first, to obtain an overview of the recruitment process for the local head government candidates by political parties in Malang Raya region. Second, to describe the power of money in choosing candidates by the parties and the voters. Third, to explain the transactional political impact on the performance of elected candidates. Methods were using descriptive analysis with qualitative approach and become parts of investigational report. Data were collected from interview and documentation. The results were consist of three aspects: first, at the stage of nomination of candidates for local head of government internally in political parties there was a tendency for friction between central and local political party leaders. In turn, this friction brought the failure of their candidate in the local election. Second, even though there were allegations of transactional politics between candidates for regional heads and political parties carrying them or between political parties, the allegations were not supported by concrete data. Third, the selection process for the head of local governments in the Malang Raya area tends to be less consistent with the performance of the government, especially those relating to PAD, IKF, and HDI.

The Analysis of Campaign Pledge of Local Government Heads in Korea: Pattern, Trend, and Characteristic of Campaign Pledge in Local Elections

The Analysis of Campaign Pledge of Local Government Heads in Korea: Pattern, Trend, and Characteristic of Campaign Pledge in Local Elections

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE AUDIT BOARD OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA’S (BPK) OPINION WITH REGIONAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL REPORT AND CORRUPTION

BPK audit report on a government financial report contains an opinion that is a professional statement of the auditor regarding the fairness of financial information presented in the financial statement. In forming opinion, a BPK auditor uses four criteria, namely the application of Government Accounting Standard, adequate disclosures, compliance of laws and regulations, and effectiveness of internal control systems. The unqualified opinion is issued to a financial report with no material statements and/or fraud. However, it is widely reported that many irregularities still occur across government entities and cost the state’s resources (finance). This study aims to analyze corruption committed by heads of local governments and its influence on BPK opinion build a model which shows the relationship between them. This study uses a model called ordinal logistic regression and found that there is a correlation between BPK opinion with corruption committed by heads of local governments. The best ordinal logistic regression model shows that BPK opinion is dominantly influenced by the compliance of government financial report with Government Accounting Standard, compliance with law and regulations and effectiveness of internal control systems.

FEMALE LEADERSHIP AND SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY: CASE STUDIES FROM THREE REGIONS IN INDONESIA (SURABAYA, KUTAI KERTANEGARA AND SOUTH MINAHASA)

After the fall of Soeharto Regime in 1998, the Reform Era in Indonesia began by promoted freedom and autonomy. The centralized approach based on the New Order’s Act No. 5/1974 was replaced by the Act No. 22/1999 on Local Government Autonomy by gave considerable authority to regencies (kabupaten) and municipalities (kota or kotamadya). Some of the scholars labelled the Act No. 22/1999 as “one of the most radical decentralization programs attempted anywhere in the world” (Aspinall 2003: 3). Several years later Act No. 22/1999 was replaced by Act No. 32/2004. Some scholars have suggested that Act No. 32/2004 indicates “recentralization” in the sense that it strengthens the central government by giving it a degree of control over administrative and fiscal matters (Pratikno 2009: 57; Buehler 2009: 102). However, the significant point in the Act No. 32/2004 which introduced direct local head election mechanism for electing local government head was the structural opportunities for women to take greater leadership in local politics. As result, the direct local election from 2005 until 2017 demonstrates the trend of increasing number female political leaders elected as governors/regents/mayors in local politics in post-Suharto (see figure 1).

Political connections and audit report lag: Indonesian evidence

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the association between political connections and the audit report lag and whether related party transactions moderate the association between the two.Design/methodology/approachAn ordinary least square regression is estimated whereby audit report lag is regressed on political connections, related party transactions and the interaction between the two. Data on the number and amounts of RPTs are hand-collected from audited financial reports. A firm-year observation is politically connected if at least one large shareholder (controlling at least 10 per cent of the votes directly or indirectly) or board member or commissioner is a current or former Member of Parliament, a minister or head of local government or closely related to a politician or party.FindingsFindings show that the audit report lag is relatively short for politically connected firms but increases when such firms conduct both operating and loan-type related party transactions. This suggests that auditors understand the incentives for, and the implications of, related party transactions and hence exert additional audit efforts in scrutinizing financial statements: activities that will increase the audit report lag.Originality/valueAlthough a large body of empirical research exists on the determinants of audit report lag, none has examined the impact of political connections. This paper further contributes to the auditing literature by documenting auditors’ evaluation of related party transactions in a developing country.

평생학습도시 정책 집행과정에서의 지자체 실무자와 지역주민이 인지하는 지방자치단체장의 리더십 특성 연구: 광명시와 남양주시를 중심으로

본 연구는 평생학습도시 정책집행 과정에서 지자체 실무담당자와 지역주민이 인식하는 지자체장의 리더십이 어떻게 발현되는지를 알아보는 데 목적이 있다. 연구를 위해 질적 연구방법 중에서 심층면담 방법을 활용하였다. 지자체장의 리더십은 카리스마적, 변혁적, 전략적 리더십으로 파악되었다. 지자체 실무자와 지역주민의 관점에서 각각 인지하는 두 도시, 즉 광명시와 남양주시의 평생학습도시 정책 집행과정에서 지자체장의 전략적 리더십, 변혁적 리더십, 카리스마 리더십 인지정도는 광명시와 남양주시 모두 실무자의 관점에서 전략적 리더십과 변혁적 리더십이 ‘강한인지’로 나타났으며, 지역주민의 관점에서도 ‘강한인지’(광명시의 경우 전략적 리더십은 중간인지)로 나타났지만 반면에 카리스마 리더십은 비교적 ‘약한인지’(남양주시의 경우 실무자의 관점은 강한인지)로 나타났다. 요약하자면, 지역주민들과 지자체 실무자인 공무원들이 평생학습도시 정책 집행과정에서 인지한 지차체장의 리더십 유형은 전략적 리더십과 변혁적 리더십이 작용한 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 평생학습도시 정책에 있어서 지자체장의 비전, 신념과 가치, 즉, 리더의 비전과 확신에 따라 정책 집행과정에서의 효과가 차별적으로 나타남을 알 수 있다.

Penentu transparansi pemerintah daerah: sebuah studi pada pemerintah daerah di Indonesia

We analysed transparency in 394 local government in Indonesia during 2012-2015 period using sociodemography, fiscal, institutional, and economy factors. Transparency is assessed from the result of transparency assessment on local government level from the Commission of Information for Indonesia ( Komisi Informasi Indonesia ) . We use the ratio of elder and human development index as demographic factors; fiscal capacity and leverage as fiscal factors; ideology and the level of local government head vistory as institutional factors; and unemployment level and gross domestic product as economic factors. The data is analysed using panel data regressiong. The analysis result shows that the ratio of elder has negative effect on transparency, but the level of fiscal decentralization, leverage, ideology, unemployment, and economic activity has positive effect on local government transparency in Indonesia. Meanwhile, human resource development and the level of local government head victory have no effect on local government transparency. These results imply that local government needs to increase the level of fiscal decentralization and economic activity at the local government level, as well as reducing the number of unemployment to optimize the transparency in their local government. Future research should try using another transparency measurement such as transparency in local government website and using another factor such as local government environment.