Modeling and prediction of optical glass surface morphology during laser local forming

In the Azerbaijani language, there exists a group of words that do not have broad possibilities of usage in the lexicon. Such words either reflect a certain socio-cultural context or are used in the speech of specific specialists, including artists and professionals. These words belong to the general lexical layer of the language and reflect its rich lexical diversity. Words of this type, which do not acquire an active and general-usage character in the Azerbaijani lexicon, can be considered a group of relatively limited-use vocabulary, as they are still part of the overall lexical system. This group includes archaisms, dialectisms, and terminological vocabulary. Archaisms, within the synchronic layer of the language, have limited usage and reflect historical, social, everyday, and other ethnographic concepts, creating a national and ethnic color. This constitutes the general norm of archaisms. Dialectisms express both historical-diachronic and contemporary synchronic concepts. They also reflect local ethnic features of mentality. A certain part of dialectisms may enter the general vocabulary, as a result of which instability of norm is observed in their local and regional forms, whereas in the general vocabulary stable normative functioning is established. Terms related to specific fields of activity function in accordance with the norm of obligatory speech usage. Those that enter the general lexical fund may acquire a stable norm in both spoken and written language.

Hedychridium tibicena Rosa sp. nov. from Gran Canaria (Canary Islands) is described in the monochroum group. A new synonymy, Hedychridium tenerifense Linsenmaier, 1968, syn. nov. = Hedychridium canariense García Mercet, 1915, is established. A key to the six Canarian species of the genus Hedychridium Abeille de Perrin, 1878 is given. The first check-list of the Canarian chrysidid species is presented, together with the observations on the dark colouration of several endemic species of the islands.

Urban environments create possibilities and constraints for care, yet many cities have not been designed ‘care -fully’ . As ‘super’ carers, parents rely on environments that support everyday caregiving, but their needs remain largely overlooked in urban research. During the transformative and vulnerable time of early parenthood, walking becomes a key mode of care-in-motion: an embodied, affective, and relational mobility practice that reshapes how parents engage with urban space. By exploring walking through this lens, we contribute to debates on how cities can better support everyday geographies of care. Larger-scale empirical research on walking as a reciprocal practice of care for new parents remains limited. This study addresses that gap using a national mixed-methods online survey of parents with young children in Aotearoa New Zealand. We present new parents' walking practices as a local, responsive, and relational form of care-in-motion—shaped by emotional, spatial, and socio-material conditions. Across two overarching themes we explore how (1) local walking acts as an emergent holistic health practice; and (2) how walking acts as a form of local care mobility for new parents. We expand existing notions of care infrastructures to include mundane micro-structures that interact in walking with young children, such as shaded footpaths, safe crossings, and engaging routes. This study offers empirical support for more inclusive, relational approaches to mobility justice, and proposes a parent-centred urbanism that values care-in-motion. In doing so, it reframes walkability as a mobility practice through which care, health, and connection are co-produced. • Walking is a key care-in-motion practice supporting parental health and wellbeing. • We argue for mobility to be considered as embodied, relational, and affective. • We provide empirical evidence on new parents' walking behaviour. • Local walking offers a malleable care practice attuned to parents' needs. • Planning for care-in-motion promotes more just and responsive mobility.

Marathi is spoken across Maharashtra and nearby regions in many local forms such as Varhadi, Puneri, Kolhapuri, Marathwada and coastal varieties like Malvani and Konkani influenced Marathi. These dialects differ in pronunciation, vocabulary and sometimes grammar, while most digital systems still expect clean Standard Marathi or Hindi text. When users speak or write in their natural dialect, systems such as educational portals, government websites and chatbots may fail to understand the input or return poor quality output. This paper describes a small but complete framework for handling such cases. The proposed Indic Language Dialect Detector accepts both text and speech in selected Marathi regional dialects and produces normalized text in Standard Marathi and, optionally, in Hindi. For text input, the system fine-tunes a multilingual BERT-style encoder on pairs of dialect sentences and their normalized versions and uses this representation for both dialect classification and text normalization. For speech input, a wav2vec-style automatic speech recognition (ASR) model first converts audio to text, which is then passed through the same BERT-based module. A simple web interface connects these components and lets users type text or record audio and see the dialect label and normalized output. The system is evaluated on a small curated dataset collected from speakers of five dialects. We report dialect classification accuracy, normalization quality using sequence-level metrics, and qualitative examples. Although the dataset is limited, results suggest that combining modern text and speech models with basic rule-based handling is a practical way to support dialect users in low-resource Indian language settings.

ABSTRACT Lupus of the eyelids, or lupus blepharitis, is a rare and localized form of chronic cutaneous lupus. The use of topical corticosteroids is limited in this sensitive area due to the risk of adverse events. We present a case of eyelid lupus, with histological confirmation, resistant to multiple lines of treatment, successfully treated with ruxolitinib cream, with no relapse was observed after 1 year of follow‐up. This case illustrates the value of a topical JAK inhibitor for a localized form of cutaneous lupus that is refractory to conventional treatments, particularly in an area where standard therapies have limitations.

ABSTRACT Historic cities face significant problems including the loss of historical character, rehabilitation of old blocks, the lack of attractive spaces, and poor dialogue between old and new plots and architectural forms. Regeneration and vitality – appropriate uses – for urban blocks could promote human interaction, integrating tradition into modernity by retaining and adapting local architectural forms and continuing to serve people's needs, which are the key to creating dynamic blocks and places with a sense of belonging. Using the historical English Midland cities of Warwick and Worcester this paper focuses on planning policy and morphological approaches for historic, regeneration and new development block types. Using the concept of the integration of local architectural form such as basic plot size and shape, building outline and architectural structure, this paper examines the morphological classification of urban blocks based on local archetypes of traditional plots and buildings, the crucial policy relationships with the forms and uses of blocks, plots and buildings, and proposes morphological policy methods for urban block regeneration optimizing local morphological characteristics. This research significantly contributes to the method of morphological classification, conservation and regeneration of urban blocks and the revision of urban planning policy specifications.

Abstract This article explores Macanese literature (prose, poetry, and drama), social media, and newspaper reports as sources for explaining the motives behind the accelerated language shift in Macau during the 20 th century, leading to the decline of Maquista (aka Macau Creole). Analysing literary representations of (stereo)typical speakers and the linguistic repertoires associated with them within a qualitative approach, I argue that the decline of Maquista should be analysed in relation to socioeconomic and societal developments, as well as in consideration of the role of other languages in the Pearl River Delta. This contribution demonstrates that Maquista started to disappear because of a general orientation towards standard languages, which also affected Sinitic vernaculars and local forms of English. To validate these hypotheses derived from literary and, hence, stylised as well as exaggerated portrayals of the communication community, I base the analysis of the contemporary situation largely on interviews with Maquista speakers and activists, published on social media and in newspapers. The contemporary data confirm that the dynamics depicted in the 20 th -century Macanese literature contained a true core, persisting until today. However, nowadays Maquista enjoys far greater prestige, even outside the community of active speakers.

Cutaneous amyloidosis is a disorder resulting from a protein metabolism disorder, presenting by formation and extracellular deposition of a specific protein-polysaccharide complex, amyloid, in the skin. Lichenoid cutaneous amyloidosis is a form of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis. This dermatosis is rare and affects both sexes equally. The impact of cutaneous amyloidosis on the psychological status and quality of life of patients is due to its chronic course, severe subjective discomfort, and the limited effectiveness of current treatment methods. Cutaneous amyloidosis is often accompanied by chronic pruritus, which is the dominant subjective symptom, causing significant anxiety, irritability, and sleep disturbances. It also leads to the development of secondary hyperpigmentation, which exacerbates aesthetic discomfort and increases psychological stress, especially in young women. The reasons for the low effectiveness of treatment are related to the nature of the disease and the mechanism of amyloid deposition in the skin. Localized forms of amyloidosis are easier to treat and correct than generalized forms. However, the use of quinoline drugs, unithiol, aromatic retinoids, topical glucocorticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and other medications does not always produce desired results. A promising treatment for cutaneous amyloidosis is laser dermabrasion (ablative and non-ablative), aimed at mechanical removal or destruction of amyloid deposits in the skin. We present a clinical case of primary lichenoid cutaneous amyloidosis and the use of an adjunctive CO2 ablative laser treatment, which demonstrated a significant positive effect in reducing lesions and pigmentation. Due to the growing interest in laser treatment methods for dermatoses of various origins, we consider it important to study and apply selective laser photothermolysis in the treatment of cutaneous amyloidosis, which may help develop a new approach to the treatment of skin diseases associated with metabolic disorders.

ABSTRACT This paper explores how local football supporters in Thailand negotiate identity, loyalty, and belonging in a globalized sporting landscape. Focusing on Buriram United, a club rebranded under the leadership of political figure Newin Chidchob, it examines how fandom intersects with political symbolism, regional development, and cultural participation. Drawing on interviews, ethnographic observation, and media analysis, the research finds that supporters co-construct hybrid identities rooted in place-based pride, emotional governance, and symbolic resistance to globalized fandom. Stadium rituals, regional branding, and political patronage emerge as key mechanisms sustaining allegiances. The study argues that football in Thailand operates as both a cultural form and a political instrument, advancing localized forms of legitimacy and identity-making. By situating a non-Western case within broader debates on globalization and fandom, this research contributes original insights into how ordinary supporters experience football not just as entertainment, but as a vehicle for civic pride and socio-political change.

Dynamic thermal comfort in part-time-local-space heating mode: Interplay effects of localized space heating terminal forms and zonal temperature transitions

Gallbladder amyloidosis is an exceptionally rare condition that may clinically mimic extrahepatic cholestasis. An 81-year-old man presented with persistent cholestatic jaundice and recurrent right upper quadrant pain. Laboratory evaluation showed conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and elevated cholestatic liver enzymes without signs of inflammation. Imaging studies, including ultrasound, MRCP, and CT, demonstrated gallstones and gallbladder wall thickening but no bile duct dilation or obstruction. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound were unremarkable. Because of ongoing pain and cholestasis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed chronic fibrosing cholecystitis with marked submucosal and vascular deposition of amorphous eosinophilic material, showing apple-green birefringence under polarized light after Congo red staining, consistent with amyloid. Immunohistochemistry favored transthyretin (ATTR) amyloid deposition. Postoperatively, the patient recovered uneventfully with resolution of pruritus and normalization of bilirubin. Extensive systemic evaluation excluded generalized amyloidosis, indicating a localized form of gallbladder amyloidosis. This case underscores the importance of considering infiltrative diseases such as amyloidosis in the differential diagnosis of unexplained cholestatic jaundice, particularly when imaging fails to show mechanical obstruction. Recognition of this entity may prevent unnecessary invasive interventions and emphasizes the diagnostic value of histopathological confirmation following cholecystectomy.

ABSTRACT The article describes a case of tetanus in a feline, a neuromuscular disease caused by the toxin tetanospasmin, produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani. This toxin interferes with the transmission of nerve impulses, resulting in progressive muscle rigidity, spasms and motor difficulties. Although tetanus is uncommon in cats, when it does occur, it usually manifests as a localized form of the disease. The case report presents a 13-year old male cat with severe neurological clinical signs, including spastic tetraplegia and cranial nerve involvement. After extensive diagnostic investigation, including magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, other potential causes were ruled out, and the diagnosis of tetanus was established by exclusion. Treatment involved antibiotic therapy, symptomatic support and gradual withdrawal of phenobarbital, which resulted in the patient's complete recovery after two months of follow-up. The report highlights the importance of clinical diagnosis with differential screening of motor neuropathies in cats.

Despite the high malignancy of skin melanoma, the prognosis after radical treatment of localized stages is favorable in most cases. Standard clinical and pathomorphological prognostic factors are used to assess the risk of recurrence. However, they do not take into account the individual molecular and biological characteristics of the tumor. Therefore, it is necessary to search for additional personalized prognostic markers of skin melanoma, and M2 macrophages are one of these promising markers. The study evaluated the prognostic value of M2 macrophages in patients with stage I-II skin melanoma after surgical or combined treatment. The study used tumor material from skin melanoma with a vertical growth phase and a polyclonal CD163 antibody. The 5-year relapse-free and overall survival rates were lower in patients with inflammatory macrophage infiltration and were dependent on its severity. The study demonstrates the potential of this marker for further study as an additional prognostic factor for skin melanoma.

Abstract This paper studies the noncommutative singularity theory of the double $$A_n$$ A n quiver $$Q_n$$ Q n (with a single loop at each vertex), with applications to algebraic geometry and representation theory. We give various intrinsic definitions of a Type A potential on $$Q_n$$ Q n , then via coordinate changes we (1) prove a monomialization result that expresses these potentials in a particularly nice form, (2) prove that Type A potentials precisely correspond to crepant resolutions of $$cA_n$$ c A n singularities, (3) solve the Realisation Conjecture of Brown–Wemyss in this setting. For $$n \le 3$$ n ≤ 3 , we furthermore give a full classification of Type A potentials (without loops) up to isomorphism, and those with finite-dimensional Jacobi algebras up to derived equivalence. There are various algebraic corollaries, including to certain tame algebras of quaternion type due to Erdmann, where we describe all basic algebras in the derived equivalence class.

A 71-year-old female presented with extensive, brownish grouped papules on the vulva for unknown duration [Figure 1a]. Fifteen years ago, she underwent radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection, followed by chemoradiation therapy for cervical cancer. Two years ago, she also underwent lymphaticovenous anastomosis surgery due to bilateral leg lymphedema following radiation therapy; however, lymphedema recurred after the surgery. Recent computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed no evidence of structural abnormality or recurrence of cervical cancer. Histopathological examination revealed multiple dilated channels filled with eosinophilic and amorphous fluid in the upper dermis [Figure 1b], which demonstrated positivity in D2-40 immunohistochemistry [Figure 1c]. Laser ablation was recommended, but she declined further treatments.Figure 1: (a) A 71-year-old female presented with extensive, brownish clustered papules on the vulva for unknown duration. (b) Histopathological examination revealed multiple dilated channels filled with eosinophilic and amorphous fluid on the upper dermis (H and E ×100), which showed (c) positivity in D2-40 immunohistochemistry (D2-40 ×100)What is your diagnosis? Answer: Acquired lymphangiectasia of the vulva Discussion Acquired lymphangiectasia of the vulva (ALV), also known as acquired vulvar lymphangioma circumscriptum, is a rare, benign disease of lymphatic malformation.[1,2] Lymphangiectasia can be classified into primary and acquired forms: The primary form often presents as congenital, large nodules, whereas the localized form typically presents as acquired, small nodules.[1,2] ALV is usually secondary to pelvic lymphatic obstruction due to various origins such as tumours, surgery, radiotherapy, Crohn disease, or tuberculosis.[1] Surgery and radiotherapy may cause postsurgical fibrosis followed by subsequent dilatation of the dermal lymphatics, leading to ALV.[3] ALV clinically present as the scattered or grouped, skin-coloured papules or translucent vesicles mimicking frog-spawn with variable symptoms of pruritus or burning sensation.[4] The most commonly involved area of lymphangiectasia is proximal parts of limbs, and vulva is rarely affected area with a few reported cases commonly manifested as a acquired form.[5] Treatment of ALV is not always required, and may be indicated for the purpose of cosmetic improvement or prevention of complications where surgical excision and other palliative modalities including ablative lasers and sclerotherapy may be applied.[1,2,5] Our case represents typical manifestation of ALV treatment accompanied by lymphedema, and highlights the prolonged latency of ALV, occurring 15 years after hysterectomy and radiotherapy. Our case was interesting in that both ALV and lymphedema showed severe manifestation on the both side of vulva and limb, indicating that lymphatic occlusion may be the primary cause of ALV. In patients with multiple vesiculopapular lesions on the vulva with previous history of surgery or radiation on the pelvis region, the rare diagnosis of ALV should be considered, and skin biopsy may help the definite diagnosis. Learning points ALV is usually secondary to pelvic lymphatic obstruction due to various causes such as surgery, radiotherapy, Crohn’s disease, tuberculosis, or tumours. Clinically, it presents as scattered or grouped, skin-coloured papules or translucent vesicles resembling frog spawn. Treatment is not always required, and may be indicated for the purpose of cosmetic improvement or prevention of complications by surgery or other palliative modalities. ALV should be considered in patients with multiple vesiculopapular lesions on the vulva with previous history of surgery or radiation on the pelvis region. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

The lack of wildlife health (WH) surveillance systems leaves critical gaps in biodiversity conservation and One Health protection. Integrating rangers patrolling protected areas (PAs) into WH monitoring represents a cost-effective and scalable opportunity to address these gaps at key human-wildlife interfaces and nature strongholds. For the past 2.5years, organizations across 4 countries have collaborated to pilot this integration. The approach involved establishing a practical definition of health event for rangers patrolling PAs, developing a referential form tailored for rangers to document these events, training key country actors to identify and record health events on this form, merging this form with local forms used by rangers to record other events of interest observed during their patrols (e.g., illegal logging), and training rangers to identify and document health events with the modified local form. We examined 4 case studies involving dozens of PAs in different countries with different languages and local partners. The recording of health events was supported by the Spatial Monitoring And Reporting Tool, SMART, which provides the modified form for rangers on mobile devices and enabled standardized recording of events. Currently, over 200 rangers across more than 50 PAs have been trained, and more than 1000 health events have been recorded. This provides early evidence that rangers could enhance WH monitoring and strengthen biodiversity conservation, ultimately fostering One Health. This initiative lays important groundwork for overcoming key barriers (e.g., lack of personnel and funding) to establishing functional WH surveillance systems in PAs. Still, specific data infrastructure, human resources, and institutional support are needed. It will be important to evaluate the limitations of ranger-collected data and align monitoring goals with the capabilities of rangers and data managers. Expansion to additional PAs is planned, alongside efforts to integrate ranger-collected data into multisectoral One Health frameworks.

Abstract Based on 16 focus group discussions, this article examines how civic engagement in Kazakhstan has evolved from visible street activism to digital and localized forms of participation. We note that, whilst until the Qantar events, street protests were an accepted, and somehow normalized, way of expressing discontent, the dramatic outcome of January 2022 has reduced citizens’ willingness to take the street, but not necessarily their interest in political participation. We then document how citizens have been increasingly expressing their views, and seeking dialogue with the institutions, through online petitions, social media campaigns, and digital complaints, using safer and more individualised channels to influence public affairs. These actions reveal a process of strategic withdrawal from overt protest and a reorientation toward less confrontational, yet still meaningful, modes of engagement. We suggest that, rather than signaling apathy, this shift reflects an adaptation in how participation occurs. We then conceptualise this transformation as a recalibration of political agency—one that bridges online and offline spheres and operates between state and society. We eventually inquiry on the advantages and limitations of an approach where the state, which is also the target of discontent, is the first actor to create a space for a dialogue but can, in case, also close these channels.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America, caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. Although the pulmonary form is the most common presentation, isolated extrapulmonary manifestations, such as intestinal involvement, are rare and often underdiagnosed due to their nonspecific clinical presentation. This report describes the case of a 60-year-old male patient, residing in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, who presented with chronic diarrhea, mucus in the stools, and abdominal pain, without other systemic signs. Colonoscopy revealed a mild erosion in the cecum, and biopsy demonstrated fungal structures compatible with Paracoccidioides spp., confirming the diagnosis of intestinal PCM. Serological testing was negative, consistent with a localized form of the infection. Treatment with itraconazole at a dose of 200 mg/day for three months resulted in complete remission of symptoms. This case highlights the importance of including intestinal PCM in the differential diagnosis of persistent gastrointestinal disorders, especially in endemic regions, as well as the essential role of biopsy and histopathological examination in establishing the definitive diagnosis.

BackgroundConstruction sites generate large volumes of textual safety data, yet inconsistent terminology and mixed-language expressions (MLEs) reduce the reliability of analysis. Korean safety violation and warning reports (SVWRs), a localized form of safety observation reports, are often written with irregular spacing, abbreviations, and hybrid vocabulary, hindering systematic utilization for data-driven safety management.ObjectiveThis study aims to develop and validate a domain-specific text normalization framework to improve the linguistic consistency and analytical reliability of SVWRs.MethodsA dataset of 64,999 SVWRs collected from 39 construction sites in South Korea was analyzed. A rule- and dictionary-based normalization pipeline was designed to unify fragmented terms and standardize MLEs. Topic modeling was conducted using topic modeling with symmetric priors and eight topics aligned with national safety categories.ResultsNormalization increased topic-model coherence from 0.412 to 0.497 (20.6% improvement), clarifying risk structures across categories such as falls, electrical hazards, and fire prevention. It revealed co-occurring risk patterns previously obscured by inconsistent language use, demonstrating that linguistic preprocessing is crucial for reliable text-based safety analytics.ConclusionsThe proposed framework enhances both methodological reliability and practical applicability by converting fragmented field reports into standardized, analyzable data. Its dictionary-based architecture can be extended to other agglutinative or multilingual languages, supporting scalable and data-driven safety management in the construction industry.