Phase I study of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) in inoperable breast cancer.

In aerospace power systems, integrating temperature sensors and associated measurement circuits into local temperature control units usually requires additional space and complex design considerations. This not only increases the complexity of the system, but also imposes significant restrictions on equipment layout, especially in applications with strict volume and weight constraints. The temperature-sensitive, high-precision components in the power supply will drift due to the working environment temperature, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy of the power supply output, which places strict requirements on the performance of the local temperature control unit. These challenges highlight the urgent need for innovative solutions for aerospace power supplies. Therefore, this study proposes a novel temperature control method that uses diodes as temperature sensors and heat sources for temperature-sensitive, high-precision components in aerospace power supplies. By integrating the sensing and heating functions into a single diode, compensating for factors affecting the measurement accuracy and controlling the temperature of key high-precision components in the power supply, a stable voltage output can be achieved. This method solves the problem of installing multiple temperature sensors in the limited space of aerospace power supplies and reduces system complexity.

Middle-ring suburban Sydney is experiencing a quiet yet profound transformation. As redevelopment accelerates, larger houses with expansive footprints and additional driveways are steadily replacing traditional front yards and gardens. This study examines 370 properties across Northern and Greater Western Sydney to quantify these changes. In areas where older, low-density homes have been replaced by newer, larger detached dwellings, the average front garden area has declined by 46%, while driveways and other impervious surfaces have increased by 57%. Most notably, front yard canopy cover has fallen by 62%. These patterns are not due to a lack of policy, but to a planning system in which local controls have become discretionary under ongoing state-level legislative reforms. Broader social trends toward larger homes and greater car ownership further reinforce this shift. The cumulative effect is leading to a substantial loss of private green space, contributing to higher urban heat, reduced biodiversity, and diminished connections with nature. Urban planning reform is urgently needed to embed minimum standards for green space and canopy cover at the site level, ensuring that urban greening targets translate into tangible local outcomes. • Front yards are smaller and driveways larger in new low-density redevelopments. • Driveway area has increased on average by 57% from 29m 2 to 46m 2 . • Front garden area has reduced on average by 46% from 102m 2 to 55m 2 . • Redevelopment has reduced canopy cover by 62% at the lot scale. • Local urban greening outcomes are subjugated to state government housing priorities.

Path forward: Cryoablation for colorectal liver metastases.

Circadian rhythms are pervasive among eukaryotes, and the underlying clocks share a common regulatory architecture-a negative feedback loop. A wealth of genetic and biochemical data underpin current perceptions of circadian oscillators but aspects of their cell biology remain cryptic, especially in syncytial systems like Neurospora crassa. We employed novel microfluidic systems and a light-blind mutant that retains circadian function to simultaneously track multiple clock components in vivo across circadian cycles in Neurospora. Despite heterogeneity of clock gene (frq) expression, we find robust, synchronous cycles in FRQ nuclear localization among all nuclei and document free diffusion of multiple clock components among nuclei. Within nuclei, clock components form small, highly dynamic nuclear bodies that persist throughout the cycle and exhibit time-dependent changes in composition, including transient colocalization between the positive and negative components for circadian regulatory functions. This rich context of in vivo spatiotemporal information illustrates how dynamic subnuclear organization and internuclear exchange of clock proteins ensure synchronous regulation of cellular activities across a macroscopic, multinucleated syncytium.

The increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) generation in low-voltage distribution networks presents operational challenges, with overvoltages being among the most critical. This study introduces a tool based on Unbalanced Optimal Power Flow (UBOPF) to assess cost-effective local inverter control strategies specifically aimed at mitigating overvoltage issues. Two approaches are examined: dynamic active power curtailment and combined active and reactive power control. These strategies are tested on a residential low-voltage network with high PV penetration, where the UBOPF model with voltage-magnitude constraints was implemented in Julia using the JuMP optimization package. The results demonstrate that both methods are effective in maintaining voltage levels within regulatory limits, with the latter leading to lower PV curtailment. The analysis highlights the need to consider these control actions as ancillary services to the grid, which should be properly compensated given their effect on generator revenues.

Functional and structural effects of local vs. global motor control training: An ultrasound-based study on deep abdominal muscles.

Concurrent Learning With Triangle-Based Cooperative Correction for Multi-Robot Relative Localization and Formation Control

Radiotherapy is essential for local tumor control, and increasing evidence highlights its ability to trigger systemic immune responses. However, the integration of this systemic activation into clinical treatment regimens remains limited. The immunosuppressive environment in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key barrier to translating the systemic immune effects of radiotherapy into clinical practice. Recently, epigenetic regulation has emerged as a key mechanism in modulating gene expression, closely linked to tumor initiation, progression, and immune evasion. Epigenetic inhibitors can influence immune cells and checkpoint molecules by altering DNA methylation and histone modifications, thus reshaping the TME. This review examines how radiotherapy induces epigenetic reprogramming to modulate immune responses and discusses how aberrant epigenetic alterations in tumor cells may impact radiotherapy-driven inflammatory responses. Additionally, this study provides an overview of clinical studies combining epigenetic inhibitors with radiotherapy and immunotherapy and suggests the potential role of epigenetic biomarkers in patient stratification for clinical applications.

A subdomain-based RVE generation method: Explicit local volume fraction control for accurate modeling of failure in composite microstructures

Multi-level signal-vehicle cooperative control to improve safety and efficiency for arterial intersections in mixed-autonomy traffic.

Ocular trauma, including corneal opacity and intraocular bleeding, are often caused by blast, laser, or shrapnel injuries. Such opacities obstruct optical tracking and thereby impede intraoperative imaging and the visual control of untethered magnetic microrobots. Magnetic sensors have been used as an alternative approach for non-vision-based tracking to cope with visual confinement. However, accurate measurement is challenged by interference from an external magnetic field used for actuation. To resolve this issue, a non-vision-based localization approach using an alternating off–on strategy is introduced: (1) during localization (off), the field is temporarily deactivated to eliminate interference, allowing magnetic sensors to measure the microrobot’s intrinsic magnetic field; (2) during actuation (on), Helmholtz coils generate a controlled magnetic field. In the localization phase, a deep neural network estimates positions under low signal-to-noise conditions (15–17 dB), and a Kalman filter incorporating the dynamic model refines the estimates. Experimental validation in a 20 × 20 × 20 mm³ workspace within 1000 cSt silicone oil demonstrates a non-vision-based localization and feedback control, achieving a mean position error of 1.5 mm and confirming potential suitability for intraocular surgical applications, where visual feedback is limited. ( a ) Schematic representation of the external magnetic field excitation and magnetic field acquisition for microrobot localization using an off-on strategy. Phase I (off period) corresponds to a brief holding period during which magnetic sensors capture the microrobot's magnetic field for localization, while Phase II (on period) involves the application of an external magnetic field gradient for microrobot actuation. ( b ) Diagram of the non-vision-based localization framework for single and swarm microrobots. A single microrobot is localized using a deep neural network (DNN) combined with a Kalman filter (KF) that incorporates the microrobot’s dynamic model, while swarm microrobots are localized using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) that integrates their respective dynamic models. • Introduces a non-vision-based localization framework for untethered magnetic microrobots using Hall-effect magnetic sensors and an off–on actuation strategy that temporally separates sensing from magnetic actuation to mitigate interference. • Combines a deep neural network (DNN) with a Kalman filter to estimate microrobot position from magnetic flux measurements under low signal-to-noise conditions (15–17 dB) , enabling reliable localization without visual feedback. • Demonstrates accurate 3D localization and closed-loop control in a 20 × 20 × 20 mm³ workspace by integrating DNN+KF localization with Model Predictive Control (MPC), enabling autonomous trajectory tracking along geometric paths (S, C, star, hourglass) with average tracking errors below ~1.5 mm without visual sensing . • Demonstrates dual-agent localization capability using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) , enabling simultaneous tracking of multiple microrobots using magnetic sensor measurements. • Provides proof-of-concept for non-vision-based localization , demonstrating feasibility of magnetic-sensor-based tracking for microrobot navigation in environments with limited visual access.

Hypofractionated Versus Normofractionated Accelerated Radiation Therapy With or Without Cisplatin for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HYPNO): A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 3, Noninferiority Trial.

A pH-responsive layered double hydroxide nanoradiosensitizer for bone metastasis tumor.

Precise airborne pollen forecasting is essential for mitigating exposure risks in individuals with pollen-related respiratory diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma and for supporting timely public health warning. Moreover, long-term accurate pollen forecasts could also support biodiversity conservation, ecosystem functions, and public-health protection. We developed an ensemble forecasting model for airborne grass (Poaceae) pollen concentrations in three climatically distinct European cities: Augsburg (Germany, transitional temperate-continental), Córdoba (Spain, dry Mediterranean), and Thessaloniki (Greece, humid Mediterranean). Pollen data (2018-2024) from Hirst-type volumetric traps were combined with meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, precipitation). The 2024 pollen data were used for validation. Of 61 candidates, seven representative model families (Regularized Linear Regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Neural Network Autoregression [NNETAR], Random Forest, Support Vector Regression, Prophet-XGBoost hybrid, and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average [ARIMA]) were selected for the ensemble. Model weights were assigned according to predictive performance. The ensemble achieved R2 values of 0.66 in Augsburg, 0.62 in Córdoba and 0.84 in Thessaloniki, with NNETAR and/or ARIMA contributing most strongly during the pollen season. Lagged pollen concentrations and previous-day temperature emerged as key predictors. When incorporating data from an automatic pollen monitor (BAA500, Helmut Hund GmbH) in Augsburg, the model achieved higher predictive performance (R2=0.89). Our findings demonstrate that ensemble-based pollen forecasting may generalize across contrasting bioclimatic regions, while remaining sensitive to local ecological and climatic controls. This framework provides a foundation for more powerful (real-time) forecasting systems aimed primarily at improving daily allergy risk management, while potentially offering complementary insights into longer-term vegetation dynamics under climate variability.

To report long-term oncologic and functional outcomes of a second therapeutic freeze (STF) after salvage cryoablation (sCryo) for biopsy-proven persistence following radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. We retrospectively reviewed 10 men with biopsy-proven local recurrence after sCryo following radiotherapy who underwent a STF. Outcomes were urinary and erectile function (social continence 0-1 pad/day; potency defined as International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score ≥ 17), complications (Clavien-Dindo classification), and oncologic endpoints: failure-free survival (FFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). FFS was defined as the absence of Phoenix biochemical failure, radiographic progression, initiation of systemic therapy, or prostate cancer-specific death. MFS, CSS, and OS were time-to-event endpoints, estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Median follow-up was 77 months (Interquartile range [IQR] 37-133). The median interval between the cryoablations was 22 months (IQR 10-33). At 5 years, FFS was 52.5% (95% CI 15.0-80.4), MFS was 80.0% (95% CI 40.9-94.6), CSS was 87.5% (95% CI 38.7-98.1), and OS was 75.0% (95% CI 31.5-93.1). Median ADT/systemic-therapy deferral after STF was 19 months (IQR 9-42.5). After STF, 7/10 men were socially continent; and 6/10 were pad-free at 1 year. Both men who were potent pre-STF, remained potent. No Clavien-Dindo ≥ III complications were attributable to STF, though a rectourethral fistula was observed at 5 months post-STF in a single patient. In this limited cohort with intermediate- to long-term follow-up, STF after prior sCryo preserved genitourinary function and deferred ADT in select men with local recurrence after radiation and sCryo. While oncological outcomes are not equivalent to primary treatment, STF appears to be a feasible and reasonably safe option to extend local control in carefully selected candidates. Larger, prospective studies are needed before broader conclusions can be drawn.

A geospatial information-based framework for assessing water environment vulnerability

Advances in osteosarcoma research: Pathogenesis and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) represents the most common subtype of MBC and has undergone substantial therapeutic evolution. Treatment has shifted from sequential endocrine therapy (ET) and chemotherapy toward personalized strategies incorporating molecularly targeted agents and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), with increasing emphasis on quality of life and shared decision making. CDK4/6 inhibitors plus ET remain a first-line standard of care in high-resource settings, demonstrating consistently improved progression-free survival (PFS) and, for select agents, overall survival (OS). Management in special populations requires additional consideration of trial and real-world data, toxicity profiles, and patient preferences. Beyond ET, ADCs are reshaping the landscape. Trastuzumab deruxtecan expanded therapeutic utility across HER2-low and HER2-ultralow disease, whereas sacituzumab govitecan and datopotamab deruxtecan provide later-line options. As ADCs emerge as earlier therapies, questions regarding sequencing, cross-resistance, and toxicity remain central to clinical decision making. Metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) in oligometastatic and oligoprogressive breast cancer also requires nuanced decision making. Despite high local control rates with stereotactic body radiotherapy, randomized trials have not demonstrated consistent improvements in PFS or OS in unselected populations. Current evidence supports systemic therapy as the foundation of management, with MDT selectively considered for oligoprogression, symptom prevention, or within clinical trials. Ultimately, management of hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative MBC requires dynamic integration of tumor biology, systemic therapy advances, and patient-defined goals of care. As therapeutic complexity increases, shared decision making and equitable access to evidence-based and supportive care services remain essential for delivering high-quality, individualized oncology care.

Advancing Particle Therapy to Improve Cancer Care: Report on "2nd World Forum on Particle Therapy".