Local Character Research Articles

A novel SNP panel developed for targeted genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) reveals genetic diversity and population structure of Musa spp. germplasm collection

The Philippines is situated in the geographic region regarded as the center of diversity of banana and its wild relatives (Musa spp.). It holds the most extensive collection of B-genome germplasm in the world along with A-genome groups and several natural hybrids with A- and B-genome combinations. Management of this germplasm resource has relied immensely on identification using local names and morphological characters, and the extent of genetic diversity of the collection has not been achieved with molecular markers. A high-throughput and reliable genotyping method for banana and its relatives will facilitate germplasm management and support breeding initiatives toward a marker-based approach. Here, we developed a 1K SNP genotyping panel based on filtering of high-quality genome-wide SNPs from the Musa Germplasm Information System and used it to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 183 accessions from a Musa spp. germplasm collection containing Philippine and foreign accessions. Targeted GBS using SeqSNP™ technology generated 70,376,284 next-generation sequencing (NGS) reads with an average effective target SNP coverage of 340 × . Bioinformatics pipeline revealed 971 polymorphic SNPs containing 76.9% homozygous calls, 23.1% heterozygous calls and 4% with missing data. A final set of 952 SNPs detected 2,092 alleles. Pairwise genetic distance varied from 0.0021 to 0.3325 with most pairs of accessions distinguished with 250 to 300 loci. The SNP panel was able to detect seven (k = 7) genetically differentiated groups and its composition through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with k-means clustering algorithm and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC). Accession-specific SNPs were also identified. The 1K SNP panel effectively distinguishes between genomic groups and provides relatively good resolution of genome-wide nucleotide diversity of Musa spp. This panel is recommended for low-density genotyping for application in marker-assisted breeding and germplasm management, and could be further enhanced to increase marker density for other applications like genetic association and genomic selection in bananas.

Three-dimensional nanoimaging of fuel cell catalyst layers

Catalyst layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cells consist of platinum-group-metal nanocatalysts supported on carbon aggregates, forming a porous structure through which an ionomer network percolates. The local structural character of these heterogeneous assemblies is directly linked to the mass-transport resistances and subsequent cell performance losses; its three-dimensional visualization is therefore of interest. Herein we implement deep-learning-aided cryogenic transmission electron tomography for image restoration, and we quantitatively investigate the full morphology of various catalyst layers at the local-reaction-site scale. The analysis enables computation of metrics such as the ionomer morphology, coverage and homogeneity, location of platinum on the carbon supports, and platinum accessibility to the ionomer network, with the results directly compared and validated with experimental measurements. We expect that our findings and methodology for evaluating catalyst layer architectures will contribute towards linking the morphology to transport properties and overall fuel cell performance.

Variation of Strong Correlation Effects in A-site Ordered Perovskites CaCu3Ti4−xRuxO12: Photoemission and Inverse Photoemission Studies

We have systematically studied the strong correlation effects in A-site ordered perovskites CaCu3Ti4-xRuxO12 (x = 0, 1, 3.5, and 4) by using photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopies. In x = 0, 1, 3.5, the peak positions of the strongly correlated Cu 3d states around -3.8 eV and Ti 3d states around 3.6 eV little change. On the other hand, in x = 4, the Cu 3d states split into two peaks around -2.5 and -4 eV. These indicate that Ti plays an important role to retain the strong correlation effects. In addition, the multiplet structures of Cu 3d final states from -8 to -14 eV become weak as Ru increases, indicating the reduction of the localized characters of Cu 3d states. At the Fermi level, we observe the absence of spectral weight in x = 0, 1 and the development of Ru 4d in-gap states in x = 3.5, 4, which give rise to the metal-insulator transition between x = 1 and x = 3.5.

Flora-vegetation history and land use in Medieval Tuscany: The palynological evidence of a local biodiversity heritage

This paper introduces the high resolution palynological analyses carried out on samples from four cores drilled in the coastal plains of the Cornia and Pecora rivers, southern Tuscany, Italy. This study provides new information on the landscape transformations that the area has undergone over the past 7500 years, with focus on Medieval times when settlement patterns and land use contributed the onset of the current landscape. The study area, considered one of the most important early centres of the European civilization, has been fully investigated by the ERC funded nEU-Med project through an interdisciplinary approach combining archaeological, geomorphological, chemical, and archaeobotanical analyses. Environmental features and resource availability were explored through pollen markers of natural environments and human activities suggesting similarities and dissimilarities between the two valleys. In the Cornia Valley, the high diversity and percentages of woody taxa is connected to agrarian exploitation with arboriculture, while the Pecora Valley had a mostly open landscape, with lower diversity and higher percentages of anthropogenic pollen indicators. In both valleys, the land was mainly exploited for grazing resources: the high presence of pasture indicators suggests that domesticated animals should have been an important local resource especially in Medieval times. Pastoral/breeding activities fit into a larger context of management of the territory with specific vocation (namely, salt and iron in these two valleys). The detailed palynological analysis and the comparison between the two valleys highlight the local character of these activities, probably carried out in a collateral way by the peasant communities between the 7th-12th centuries AD.

MANAJEMEN PESERTA DIDIK DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KARAKTER BUDAYA LOKAL

The purpose of this study was to describe the management of students in realizing the local cultural character of students at sd negeri 9 Barurejo Banyuwangi as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The informants of this research include; principals, teachers, and students. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The technique chosen in data analysis is data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. And the results of this study indicate that the management of students at SD Negeri 9 Barurejo has been going well as evidenced by the fact that there are schools that are trying to achieve goals, one of which is by channeling and developing general abilities or intelligence, talents and interests of students so that through the existence of cultural character local. The local cultural characters in question are religious culture, discipline culture, responsibility culture, and artistic culture in this case the art culture of gendering dance, hadrah, scouts, and drum bands, all of which are local cultures that can shape the character of the students at the school. The supporting factors are support from the principal, teacher motivation, student enthusiasm, adequate infrastructure, and enthusiasm from the guardian. while the inhibiting factor is a matter of time management, environment, and interests of students.

Voice against Social Taboos: Re-reading The Descendants of Cain (1954) and Sunlight, Moonlight (1964) from the Perspective of World Literature

This paper examines The Descendants of Cain (1954) and Sunlight, Moonlight (1964) by Hwang Sunwŏn (1915-2000) from the perspective of world literature. He intertextualized and rewrote his Japanese predecessor’s fiction works with the same title, “Descendants of Cain” by Arishima Takeo (1878-1923) and The Broken Commandment by Shimazaki Tōson (1872-1943), by addressing the issue of land reform in prewar North Korea and social discrimination in industrialized South Korea in 1960s, respectively. The theme of his novel, breaking taboos and obtaining freedom, distinguishes Hwang from his predecessors in the field of world literature studies. The term “influence” can be supplanted by the concept of “intertextuality” for transnational and transcultural comparative research. This study attempts to apply the term ‘intertextuality’ in order to prevent any misinterpretations of the concept of influence, particularly in relation to the potential hierarchy between influencing and influenced. By analyzing the texts of Hwang Sunwŏn, Arishima Takeo, and Shimazaki Tōson employing both close reading and distant reading techniques, we can gain insight into Hwang’s emphasis on taboo-breaking themes and his contribution to world literature studies. This article also emphasizes the importance of considering the format that Franco Moretti discusses in “Conjectures on World Literature.” Moretti suggests that modern novel is comprised of a triangle: “foreign plot; local characters; and then, local narrative voice” (65). “Local narrative voice” can be explained by Hwang Sunwŏn’s interest in the taboo motif. He continues to break the taboos and thematizes the issue of freedom versus ideology, and he further interrogates the problems of the legacy of Confucianism and newly adapted capitalism. His works are an example for the study of world literature of how the motif of violating taboos can function as a narrative tradition, demonstrating the boundless will of human freedom.

The Integrated Minapadi (Rice-Fish) Farming System: Compost and Local Liquid Organic Fertilizer Based on Multiple Evaluation Criteria

Rice-fish cultivation, also known as Manipadi in Indonesia, is one of the many integrated farming systems where fish are grown concurrently with rice. However, this integrated system needs to be optimized by organic fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizers, such as compost and local biofertilizers, when implemented into this integrated system, can optimize the yield per land for both rice and fish. However, this combination must be evaluated systematically by multiple evaluation criteria and statistical analyses. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the combination of compost doses and/or local liquid organic fertilizer concentrations, based on multiple evaluation criteria, that supports the productivity of rice-fish integration agriculture. The experiment was carried out in the Wanuae farmer group of the Barebbo District, Bone Regency, Indonesia, between September 2018 and January 2019. The experiment employed a split plot design with a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The main plot consisted of compost (four levels), and the subplot was the local biofertilizer source (four levels). The results demonstrated that the number of fill grains was significantly affected by the compost treatment and the type of local biofiller. The effect of the compost dosing was more dominant in comparison with the local liquid organic fertilizer character and its interactions. A compost dosage of four tons ha−1 and a local liquid organic fertilizer, sourced from soaked coconut fiber with cow urine, has been recommended as the combination treatment to optimize the rice and fish yield potential. The Minapadi (rice fish) with additional high composting effectively increased the farmer’s outcome with a 2-point R/C ratio, more so than those without composting. Moreover, the compost dosage in this Minapadi study requires further exploration for a better understanding.

Instilling National Values Through Local Culture-Based Character Education

This study aims to identify how culture-based character education internalizes national values. Character education must be introduced to the younger generation as they leave the local culture. This study used a qualitative approach with a literature review method. It used secondary data from relevant books, articles, and other literature. Data were analyzed using the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model. This study showed that character education based on local culture could instill national values. National values covered religion, mutual cooperation, local art and literature, and local skills values. It is essential to provide character education to the young generation to instill national values that begin to fade. This country is rich in local cultures, and they must be introduced to a young age as globalization can fade local culture.

Bilinear spaces over a fixed field are simple unstable

We study the model theory of vector spaces with a bilinear form over a fixed field. For finite fields this can be, and has been, done in the classical framework of full first-order logic. For infinite fields we need different logical frameworks. First we take a category-theoretic approach, which requires very little set-up. We show that linear independence forms a simple unstable independence relation. With some more work we then show that we can also work in the framework of positive logic, which is much more powerful than the category-theoretic approach and much closer to the classical framework of full first-order logic. We fully characterise the existentially closed models of the arising positive theory. Using the independence relation from before we conclude that the theory is simple unstable, in the sense that dividing has local character but there are many distinct types. We also provide positive version of what is commonly known as the Ryll-Nardzewski theorem for ω-categorical theories in full first-order logic, from which we conclude that bilinear spaces over a countable field are ω-categorical.

Judicial law-making as a way to overcome the "exceptional legal problem" in continental and general law

The article examines issues related to the enforcement process in civil proceedings both in the field of continental and common law. In particular, the work draws attention to the fact that today a new procedural and legal reality has essentially emerged in the civil justice system of Ukraine, when the settlement of disputed relations is carried out at the expense of judicial law-making in the presence of legislative gaps.
 At the same time, the author emphasizes that although courts do not make law, but in the presence of legal inconsistency of legal norms or their uncertainty regarding disputed relations, the court is forced to resort to judicial law-making in the presence of incompleteness, vagueness or contradiction of legal norms or their absence.
 The institution of judicial law-making also has a place in the field of general (precedent) law. Unlike continental law, the basis for such a law-making process is a legal case, which is overcome at the expense of the law-making process, based on the judge's perception of justice, existing social and moral values, customs or traditions.
 The work reveals the different legal nature of judicial law-making, which is inherent in both continental and common law. In particular, the work claims that judicial law-making in continental law is based exclusively on current legislation, within which there are legislative gaps. Thus, judicial law-making in continental law will always have a local character, as it is aimed exclusively at filling local legislative gaps (vacuities), and therefore it cannot go beyond a certain field of statutory law. At the same time, judicial law-making in common law is of a general nature and is not based on statutory law, as it is aimed at overcoming a legal case during which a new legal doctrine, principle or new rule or provision is formed. For these reasons, judicial law-making in continental law will never "pass" into the sphere of common law, although in both the first and second cases, legal formulas created by judges to settle disputed relations may be of an imperative nature for law enforcement practice and those other courts.
 Thus, the presence of the institution of judicial law-making in both of these legal families gives grounds for asserting that continental and common law, albeit slowly, are beginning to converge and penetrate each other's procedural matter.

Defining Heat in Place for the Discovered Geothermal Brine Reservoirs in the Croatian Part of Pannonian Basin

One of the important sources of renewable energy is geothermal heat. Its special feature of being independent 24/7 ensures the stability and security of the system, either for electricity or heat production. Geothermal energy has a local character and is limited by the geological characteristics of each state. In the Republic of Croatia, the development of geothermal energy is closely related to the development of the oil industry, as geothermal deposits were discovered during oil and gas exploration. Considering the established temperature gradients in Croatia, there is a greater possibility of using geothermal energy, and for this, it is necessary to evaluate its full potential and possibilities of use. The aim of this research is to determine the heat potential of the Croatian part of the Pannonian Basin System (CPBS), a part of Croatia with exceptional geothermal potential, based on the analysis of a large amount of well data with confirmed water inflow. In order to estimate the heat in place, the available data on the presence of inflow, temperature, and porosity, as well as permeability and volume for each well/reservoir included in the assessment, were considered. In geothermal reservoirs, one of the most important pieces of data besides petrophysical and thermodynamic data is the potential of the well, i.e., the maximum flow under certain permeability and porosity conditions. To define this, the productivity index was made dependent on the permeability of each well, and the inflow in each well was risked using Monte Carlo for three main geological phases in CPBS, which subsequently influenced inflow and spacing between production and injection wells. The beta-PERT distribution for permeability is used in Monte Carlo simulation to determine the most likely values and produce a distribution that resembles the real probability distribution. As a result, geothermal potential was mapped according to the obtained values of heat in place for part of the CPBS covered with analysed wells.

Quality, expenditure, and loyalty in a cultural event: a longitudinal study

ObjetivoEl impacto de la calidad del evento en el gasto y la lealtad de los visitantes ha sido un tema pocas veces analizado por la literatura de los festivales. Estas mismas relaciones incidentales no fueron valoradas desde una perspectiva temporal en el caso de eventos culturales recurrentes. El artículo explora estas relaciones causales e informa sobre el efecto moderador de la investigación longitudinal de las ediciones del festival.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueSe examinaron nueve hipótesis a través de técnicas de cuadrados MES, y la validación se llevó a cabo mediante la evaluación del modelo estructural y de medición. Además, se realizó un análisis multigrupo para probar el efecto de moderación longitudinal. Los datos analizados provienen de encuestas aplicadas durante tres ediciones sucesivas (2013 = 164 casos, 2014 = 154 casos, 2015 = 128 casos).RecomendacionesEl carácter local y efímero del evento favorece el consumo inmediato, y el aumento de la participación en el gasto entre categorías pasa por la diversificación que permite estimular la compra. En este contexto particular, la moderación inducida por la secuencia de ediciones incidió contundentemente en las relaciones analizadas, generando la necesidad de prestar atención a los cambios temporales para comprender y operar los eventos recurrentes.Originalidad/valorEl fortalecimiento del festival pasó por una etapa donde se abrió a otros segmentos de visitantes a pesar de la opinión dominante de preservar el carácter local del evento. Además, este estudio aclara que un análisis retrospectivo de ediciones anteriores, en comparación con la perspectiva de la estacionariedad del evento, permite gestionar la actualización necesaria que permite preservar la lealtad del visitante.

The Mutability of Uniform

The Mutability of Uniform

Unexpected Quasi‐Axial Conformer in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence DMAC‐TRZ, Pushing Green OLEDs to Blue

AbstractHidden photophysics is elucidated in the very well‐known thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter, DMAC‐TRZ. A molecule that, based on its structure, is considered not to have more than one structural conformation. However, based on experimental and computational studies, two conformers, a quasi‐axial (QA) and a quasi‐equatorial (QE) are found, and the effect of their co‐existence on both optical and electrical excitation isexplored. The relative small population of the QA conformer has a disproportionate effect because of its strong local excited state character. The energy transfer efficiency from the QA to the QE conformer is high, even at low concentrations, dependent on the host environment. The current accepted triplet energy of DMAC‐TRZ is shown to originate from the QA conformer, completely changing the understanding of DMAC‐TRZ. The contribution of the QA conformer in devices helps to explain the good performance of the material in non‐doped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Moreover, hyperfluorescence (HF) devices, using v‐DABNA emitter show direct energy transfer from the QA conformer to v‐DABNA, explaining the relatively improved Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency compared to similar HF systems. Highly efficient OLEDs where green light (TADF‐only devices) is converted to blue light (HF devices) with the maximum external quantum efficiency remaining close to 30% are demonstrated.

Dispatches from the Farm: The Literary Craft of John Gould’s Maine Humor

Dispatches from the Farm: The Literary Craft of John Gould’s Maine Humor

Integrating Local Wisdom and Character Education in Biology Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cultural and character issues are problems that must be resolved through education, namely the learning process. Learning today is a shift from traditional learning to online-based learning. These problems can be solved by making innovations in online learning, one of which is by integrating local wisdom and character education. This study aims to determine the integration of local wisdom and character education in online learning-based biology learning. The samples in this study consisted of 20 biology teachers from 20 high schools in West Aceh and Nagan Raya districts. The instruments used were interviews and observation sheets. The data analysis used was qualitative data analysis which consisted of three stages, namely (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) concluding. The results showed that the biology teacher in the research sample had integrated local wisdom and character values through assignments, material explanations, and teacher behavior. Biology teachers do not fully understand the understanding of local wisdom and character education so that teachers are still hesitant in making decisions to integrate local wisdom and character values in learning.
 Keywords: Local wisdom; biology learning; covid-19 pandemic

Meta-Analysis: The Influence of Local Wisdom-Based Learning Media on the Character of Students in Indonesia

<p style="text-align:justify">This research aims to prove and find out the influence of local wisdom-based learning media on the character of students in Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative method with a meta-analysis approach. The research data were analyzed using the 0.8.5 version of JASP software. The eligibility criteria used include: (a) The publications must be searchable in search databases such as Google Scholar, ERIC, DOAJ, Research Gate, and or ScienceDirect; (b) The publications are reputable indexed; (c) The publications must relate to learning media based on local wisdom and student character; (d) The publications must be in the range of 2015 to 2023; (e) The articles are worth (r), (t), or (F); (6) N ≥ 30. The results of the analysis of 30 studies showed that there was a significant effect of learning media on the character of students in Indonesia (z = 9.700; p < .001; 95% CI [.987; 1.487]). This effect is categorized as very strong (rRE = 1.237). This meta-analysis study is the result of accurate, valid, and representative research reviewed because publication bias was not detected. Thus, it can be concluded that learning media based on local wisdom has a big influence on student character. </p>

Highly Efficient Blue Electro‐Fluorescence and Hybrid White Electroluminescence Basing on a Novel Hybrid Local and Charge‐Transfer (HLCT) Material with Weak Donor–Acceptor Structure and High Carrier Mobilities

AbstractHigh efficiency and luminance are critical for commercialized blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, a novel donor–acceptor (D–A) blue‐emissive molecule with a weak donor and acceptor is synthesized. The moderate hybrid local and charge transfer (HLCT) state character endows PPIBPO with blue fluorescence and high quantum efficiency. More importantly, the rigid, rod‐like molecular structure gives rise to the regularity of the stacking pattern of PPIBPO, which enables its extraordinary carrier mobilities in non‐doped OLED, the hole mobility and electron mobility are as high as 5.09 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 3.22 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The non‐doped blue OLED of PPIBPO achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12.0% and a maximum luminance of 55023 cd m−2, which is one of the best values among the non‐doped blue OLEDs based on HLCT molecules. Furthermore, high‐efficiency two‐color hybrid warm white OLED with a maximum EQE up to 22.5% and maximum power efficiency of 87.0 lm W−1 is also achieved using PPIBPO as blue‐fluorophor.

Desain Community Center Desa Mekarwangi Kabupaten Tangerang Provinsi Banten

Mekarwangi Village does not yet have adequate public space. Meanwhile Mekarwangi Village is growing rapidly because of the growth of formal housing in the Cisauk area, so it is necessary to build a public space immediately before the village's land runs out. There is a village-owned land of 2000 square meters which is an opportunity to work on. So, on this land a community center will be planned to be designed that can accommodate the needs of public space and educational space for residents as well as the need for space for the village government with various uses for. The results of this community cervice are in the form of analysis documents, concepts and working drawings, with an approach that considers local potential and character.

Localisation in the balance: Syrian medical-humanitarian NGOs' strategic engagement with the local and international.

Contributions on localisation often focus on interactions between local organisations and the international community, with limited attention paid to dynamics within the locally-led part of the response. The humanitarian operation in non-government-held areas of Syria is considered a key example of localisation, in which the health sector has assumed a leading role. Drawing on fieldwork among Syrian medical-humanitarian organisations conducted in southern Turkey in 2017, this paper offers a view from below on the localisation debate. It provides a nuanced perspective on 'the local', showcasing how localisation is interpreted and expressed among Syrian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) themselves, and in their interaction with each other. The paper shows how most organisations have moved to a hybrid model that emphasises their local and international character, resisting simplistic classifications. However, despite the sometimes strategic nature of its invocation, localisation does not lose its relevance as a lived experience, especially for local field staff.