Local Character Research Articles

Bubble dynamics near a locally curved region of a plane rigid wall

The dynamics of a bubble near a local axisymmetric convexity or concavity, cosine-like in the axial section, on a plane rigid wall is studied under conditions of formation of a cumulative liquid jet directed to the wall. The study is performed by the boundary element method. Our main attention is focused on the bubble collapse characteristics at the moment tc when the jet impacts on the bubble surface part near the wall, namely, on the jet tip velocity and radius, the internal bubble pressure, the distance between the bubble and the uneven region of the wall, and so on. These characteristics are of interest since they, to a large extent, determine the destructive potential of cavitation. The dependences of these characteristics on the radius of the non-plane region of the wall, the depth of the concave region, the height of the convex region, and the local character of the wall unevenness have been investigated. To estimate the effect of the local character of the wall unevenness, the cases of completely concave and convex walls in the form of blunt conical surfaces are used for comparison. It has been found, in particular, that with changing radius of the convex region of the wall, the bubble shape at the moment tc varies significantly: the shape diversity includes the profiles with a gas microcavity in front of the impacting jet tip, an emerging second oppositely directed jet, and a relatively large area of the jet tip impact at its beginning.

Temporal Awareness in Urban Place: Al-Mutanabbi Street- Case Study

Previous urban studies, which started from the twentieth century until now, have unanimously agreed to displace the human dimensions of the traditional city and replace them with inhuman dimensions in the modern city. Consequently, there were various calls for returning human dimensions to urban space via urban design theories. This research concentrated on the human temporal awareness as one of the dimensions that distinguish the human race and the connection of the connection between this dimension with urban place. The lack of urban principles resulting from human temporal awareness has created the knowledge gap. In addition, the objective of this research was to build an urban model with spatial indicators. In order to achieve this objective, a comprehensive theoretical framework was built by adopting a descriptive- analytical approach. The novelty of the research is to find an urban model with spatial indicators that works to enhance human temporal awareness and verify this model and give it a local character by applying it to urban space in Baghdad. The research faced significant limitations represented in the theoretical framework and the practical application of the research model. As for future research, the research recommends conducting studies to find a model with spatial indicators for the humanization of urban space, including all human dimensions.

Temporal Awareness in Urban Place: Al-Mutanabbi Street- Case Study

Previous urban studies, which started from the twentieth century until now, have unanimously agreed to displace the human dimensions of the traditional city and replace them with inhuman dimensions in the modern city. Consequently, there were various calls for returning human dimensions to urban space via urban design theories. This research concentrated on the human temporal awareness as one of the dimensions that distinguish the human race and the connection of the connection between this dimension with urban place. The lack of urban principles resulting from human temporal awareness has created the knowledge gap. In addition, the objective of this research was to build an urban model with spatial indicators. In order to achieve this objective, a comprehensive theoretical framework was built by adopting a descriptive- analytical approach. The novelty of the research is to find an urban model with spatial indicators that works to enhance human temporal awareness and verify this model and give it a local character by applying it to urban space in Baghdad. The research faced significant limitations represented in the theoretical framework and the practical application of the research model. As for future research, the research recommends conducting studies to find a model with spatial indicators for the humanization of urban space, including all human dimensions.

Non-Hermitian many-body localization with open boundaries

The explorations of non-Hermiticity have been devoted to investigate the disorder-induced many-body localization (MBL). However, the sensitivity of the spatial boundary conditions and the interplay of the non-Hermitian skin effect with many-body phenomena are not yet clear. For a MBL system in the presence of nonreciprocal tunnelings and random disorder potential, we identify two different complex-real spectral transitions, one is present for both open and periodic boundaries while the other is present only for open boundaries of coupled non-Hermitian chains. The later is driven due to the interchain coupling at weak disorder where the level statistics of the real eigenenergy phase follows a Gaussian orthogonal ensemble. We further characterize wave functions through the (biorthogonal) inverse participation ratio and fractal dimension, which reveal the suppression of skin effect in the non-Hermitian MBL phase. Finally, we demonstrate that the quench dynamics of the local particle density, spin imbalance, and entanglement entropy also signify the hallmark of the boundary effects and nonergodic character of many-body localization.

Nanoscale local hydrogen-bonding sensing using single-molecule spectroscopic imaging

Hydrogen bonds play significant roles in many chemical and biological processes. However, it remains challenging to probe the local hydrogen-bonding characters at the nanoscale. Herein, we developed a new single-molecule sensing approach to examine the nature of the local hydrogen bonding characters with surrounding molecules at the single-molecule level by employing a single-molecule spectroscopic imaging technique and a Nile blue (NB) dye as a single-molecule sensor. This method is based on the recent developments in single-molecule spectroscopic imaging that enabled local chemical property sensing at the single-molecule level, which is generally masked in the ensemble averages of bulk measurements. By observing the single-molecule fluorescence spectrum of hydrogen-bonding sensor, NB dye, under different chemical conditions, we could differentiate their hydrogen-bonding characteristics at the single-molecule level, even in the solvent mixtures. We believe that the results will be effective in probing different chemical properties of unknown solvent molecules at the single-molecule level, which could not be achieved using any previously reported method.

How Much Excess Heat Might Be Used in Buildings? A Spatial Analysis at the Municipal Level in Germany

Excess heat can make an important contribution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the heating and cooling sector. Due to the local character of heat, the local excess heat potential is decisive for using excess heat. However, the spatially distributed potential and the subdivision of the potential into different subsectors have not been sufficiently investigated in Germany. Here we analyse the excess heat potential in Germany according to different subsectors and spatially distributed to the municipal level. We use data of more than 115,000 records on exhaust gas and fuel input from over 11,000 industrial sites. We calculate the site-specific excess heat potential and check its plausibility using the fuel input of the respective industrial sites. Finally, we compare the excess heat potential with the residential heat demand at the municipal level. Our results show that the excess heat potential in Germany is about 36.6 TWh/a, and that in 148 municipalities, the annual excess heat potential is greater than 50% of the annual heat demand. In conclusion, there is a large potential for excess heat utilisation in Germany. In some regions, more excess heat is available throughout the year than is needed to provide space heat and hot water.

Detection and molecular characterization of VRE isolates in Slovakia from stool samples positive for Clostridioides difficile toxins.

The study aimed to identify colonized patients as a possible source of eventual VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) infection from stool samples positive for glutamate dehydrogenase antigen, as well as for Clostridioides difficile toxins A and B. The study was carried out from 7/2020 to 9/2021. Stool samples were grown in a brain heart infusion medium with a gram-positive non-spore-forming bacteria supplement under aerobic conditions. The samples for VRE identification were grown on CHROMID® VRE agar, and the MICs for vancomycin and teicoplanin were also estimated. The presence of the vanA/vanB genes was tested using the PCR method. The total number of 113 stool samples positive for Clostridioides difficile toxins was analyzed. Of these samples, 44 isolates with VRE characters were identified. The most prevalent isolates in our set of isolates were Enterococcus faecium (27 isolates, 62%), Enterococcus faecalis (9 isolates, 21%), Enterococcus solitarius (4 isolates, 9%), Enterococcus durans (2 isolates, 4%), 1 isolate Enterococcus sulfurous (2%), and Enterococcus raffinosus (2%). In total, 26 isolates were detected in the study in the presence of vanA genes (24 isolates E. faecium, 2 isolates E. faecalis) and 18 isolates detected in the presence of vanB genes (7 isolates E. faecalis, 4 isolates E. solitarius, 3 isolates E. faecium, 2 isolates E. durans, 1 isolate E. sulfurous, and E. raffinosus). The results of this study showed the local dominance character of the vanA gene of hospital VRE isolates that were carriers of genes associated with high resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and occasionally linezolid.

A Time-Domain Artificial Boundary for Near-Field Wave Problem of Fluid Saturated Porous Media

The near-field wave problem of the saturated soil involves the energy radiation effect of the truncated infinite media. A viscous spring boundary is proposed for the fluid-saturated porous media. Based on the process of wave propagation under internal point source, the stress and flow velocity boundaries are constructed by reasonable assumptions of outgoing waves and Green’s function, respectively. Without the permeability assumption, the proposed boundary avoids the low accuracy caused by the assumption of zero permeability that is widely used in the existing methods. The boundary simultaneously has a simple form, clear physical meaning, and less computational cost due to its local character. Meanwhile, a completely explicit integration algorithm considering the damping is constructed to solve the finite element equations of saturated porous media with the proposed boundary. The accuracy and high computational efficiency of the wave numerical method are verified in the examples.

History-dependent phase transition character

We consider history-dependent behavior in domain-type configurations in orientational order that are formed in configurations reached via continuous symmetry-breaking phase transitions. In equilibrium, these systems exhibit in absence of impurities a spatially homogeneous order. We focus on cases where domains are formed via (i) Kibble-Zurek mechanism in fast enough quenches or by (ii) Kibble mechanism in strongly supercooled phases. In both cases, domains could be arrested due to pinned topological defects that are formed at domain walls. In systems exhibiting polar or quadrupolar order, point and line defects (disclinations) dominate, respectively. In particular, the disclinations could form complex entangled structures and are more efficient in stabilizing domains. Domain patterns formed by fast quenches could be arrested by impurities imposing a strong enough random-field type disorder, as suggested by the Imry-Ma theorem. On the other hand, domains formed in supercooled systems could be also formed if large enough energy barriers arresting domains are established due to large enough systems’ stiffness. The resulting effective interactions in established domain-type patterns could be described by random matrices. The resulting eigenvectors reveal expected structural excitations formed in such structures. The most important role is commonly played by the random matrix largest eigenvector. Qualitatively different behavior is expected if this eigenvector exhibits a localized or extended character. In the former case, one expects a gradual, non-critical-type transition into a glass-type structure. However, in the latter case, a critical-like phase behavior could be observed.Graphical abstract

Geometrical Knowledge in Early Sri Lanka

This article addresses on history of mathematics (specially one of its specific branch, geometry) in Sri Lanka. Despite the large amount of research on the history of mathematics in India, China and the Middle East, that on Sri Lanka still remains limited. Sri Lanka had close relations with all these regions from ancient times and knowldge on mathematics should not be an alien subject there. This article tries to address the paucity of research on the history of mathematics in Sri Lanka while emphasizing the local character of that ancient knowldge.

Preserving the Tangible and Intangible Values of the Baltit Fort in Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan, through Adaptive Reuse

Tangible and Intangible values are the distinctive qualities that, through the connection of humans with a building and its surrounding community, enable the creation of a particular link called “genius loci” that links the past to the present. In the present time, ancient buildings and sites of historical importance are the carriers of collective memories, which, together with the local characters, create this special spirit of space. Over time, these associations have become an integral part of the local community, telling a unique story. The paper explores how tangible and intangible heritage values can be translated into a new use for a building, connecting its history to the present via a case study in Pakistan: The Baltit Fort (14th century AD). The 700-year-old fort was used as a residence until the 20th century but fell into disrepair over the years. After a restoration project that was part of the ‘Aga Khan Trust for Culture’ initiative in the northern areas of Pakistan, the building is now open to visitors as a museum. The paper will critically examine the approaches of the adaptive reuse implied for the project to explore how the tangible and the intangible essence of the past have played a role in proposing the new functions. The study’s outcome will be to see how the symbolic values of the past play an important role in giving a building a new function, preserving the spirit of the place, and preserving significant cultural assets.

Localized Spin Dimers and Structural Distortions in the Hexagonal Perovskite Ba3CaMo2O9.

Extended solid-state materials based on the hexagonal perovskite framework are typified by close competition between localized magnetic interactions and quasi-molecular electronic states. Here, we report the structural and magnetic properties of the new six-layer hexagonal perovskite Ba3CaMo2O9. Neutron diffraction experiments, combined with magnetic susceptibility measurements, show that the Mo2O9 dimers retain localized character down to 5 K and adopt nonmagnetic spin-singlet ground states. This is in contrast to the recently reported Ba3SrMo2O9 analogue, in which the Mo2O9 dimers spontaneously separate into a mixture of localized and quasi-molecular ground states. Structural distortions in both Ba3CaMo2O9 and Ba3SrMo2O9 have been studied with the aid of distortion mode analyses to elucidate the coupling between the crystal lattice and electronic interactions in 6H Mo5+ hexagonal perovskites.

Multi-attention deep neural network fusing character and word embedding for clinical and biomedical concept extraction

Clinical and biomedical concept extraction is critical in medical analysis using clinical and biomedical documents from professional literature, EHRs and PHRs. Named entity recognition (NER) accurately marks essential information in the literature based on the characteristics of the target entity, providing a method for extracting clinical and biomedical concepts. The performance of NER is heavily embedding-dependent, so recent studies have proposed the method of generating word embedding from character-level information, which can strengthen the representation ability for word embedding.In this paper, we present a novel neural network model including an attention mechanism network and a convolutional neural network (CNN) to further improve character-level embedding. First, an attention mechanism is applied simultaneously to the local and global character embedding. Then, a CNN with multi-size filters is used to extract more information from the character level, which can capture more meaningful features from words with various lengths. In addition, a cross-attention method is used to leverage the interaction between word embedding and character embedding to generate the final word representation. Finally, we modified Mogrifier LSTM to make it suitable for NER tasks and integrated it into our model. Experimental results show that our method is effective and that the model performs better than the baseline models. We also apply our methods proposed in this paper to the transformer-based model and obtain a 90.36 F1-score on NCBI-Disease.

The Accelerated 3D Capacitance Extraction Based on Adaptive Low-Rank Matrix Factorization

In order to accelerate the direct boundary element method (DBEM) of capacitance extraction, the proposed method explores the local low-rank character of the coefficient matrix, and performs fixed-precision low-rank matrix factorizations to approximate it to accelerate the iterative solution without lost of accuracy. A fast adaptive low-rank matrix factorization algorithm is proposed aiming at higher efficiency on subsequent matrix-vector multiplication. Experiments on several IC interconnect structures show that the proposed fast adaptive algorithm (called fastQB) achieves a maximum speedup of 1.5X over the existing randQB_EI algorithm. The iterative solution of the DBEM equations is accelerated by at most 16.8X with the proposed technique based on adaptive low-rank matrix factorization.

Development of A Floating Market-Based BioPhy Magazine to Train the Religious Characters of Pre-Service Science Teachers

This study aimed to describe the validity of the integration of religious values in BioPhy magazine and the religious character of pre-service science teachers when using the Floating Market-based BioPhy magazine. These religious values are related to the concept of fluidity, biodiversity, ecosystem, and the local character of South Kalimantan society, namely kayuh baimbai. This research was development research with Tessmer formative evaluation model. The test subjects to determine the religious character of students were 10 students from the Chemistry Education Department in the small group trial and 43 students from Biology Education Department in the field test. Both subjects were currently attending Fluid lectures in the 2021/2022 academic year in the Basic Physics course. Data were obtained through validation sheets, a self-evaluation inventory of religious characters, and observation sheets. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that integrating religious values in magazines was valid, with the Aiken validity coefficient ranging from 0.92 to 1.00. In addition, pre-service chemistry teachers have a religious character with an average score of 4.71, and pre-service biology teachers have a religious character with an average score of 4.77 in the affective domains A1 to A5 based on Bloom's taxonomy. The religious character of the two test subjects was categorized as very good. Thus, the Floating Market-based BioPhy magazine can be used to train the religious character of Pre-Service Science teachers. The developed magazine can be used in the Basic Physics course. Future research could be piloted for a larger sample as this research was limited to a not-so-large sample, and the magazine was developed only on fluid topics in the Basic Physics course.

Community Based Tourism in The Development of Sustainable Tourism in Baubau City

The purpose of this research is to find out Community Based Tourism in Sustainable Tourism Development in Baubau City. The type of research used in this research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that Community-Based Tourism Development is to involve the community as in the development planning deliberation process, where the government and the community are together in managing tourism objects. In addition, tourism awareness groups also receive benefits from tourism activities by increasing the economy from tourism activities in Baubau City. Ensuring Environmental Sustainability is to ensure the sustainability of the environment so that it is not damaged or polluted, it is necessary for the role of the government, NGOs, and the community not to damage the physical environment at tourist sites. In addition, providing support both in the form of materials and policies such as providing character education counseling is an effort made in maintaining local character and culture in tourism areas in Baubau City.

Aplikasi Konsep Eco-Culture dalam Pengembangan Kampung Wisata Buah Baran Bercahaya

The concept of eco-culture has a sustainability paradigm that emphasizes the harmony of humans and ecosystems. The target is the strengthening of local characters through the study of local genius, as well as the application of science and technological innovation in managing the potential for improving the quality of the environment and humans. Increasing the economy through tourism is its added value. Kampung Baran has a unique ethnographic and geographical setting inhabited mostly by low-income people. The potential that can be developed is agriculture which is now slowly starting to be abandoned. This study examines the application of the eco-culture concept which consists of an image of space, an image of building, and an idealized concept of place for the development of Kampung Baran. Through a descriptive-phenomenological study, the researcher explores the physical-spatial-architectural and economic-social-cultural phenomena of Kampung Baran as the object of study. Furthermore, the study of the application of the concept of eco-culture in the village of Baran was carried out through a SWOT analysis. The results obtained indicate that the concept of eco-culture can be applied in Kampung Baran by emphasizing on strengthening the noble values of the culture of agrarian communities in the expression of tangible and intangible heritage that is adaptive to cultural dynamics and strengthening and developing local potential.

European standards and legislation of Ukraine on participation of public associations in local decision-making

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the legal regulation of the participation of public associations in making socially important decisions at the local level. Emphasis is placed on the issues of legal regulation of this issue in Ukraine in the aspect of European integration. The purpose of the study is to reveal the features and clarify the problematic issues of legislative consolidation of the participation of public associations in the decision-making process at the local level. Such methods of scientific research as logical-semantic, system-structural, formal-legal, comparative-legal, etc. were used to solve the set goals and tasks. Summary of the main research results. International norms and standards of public involvement in decision-making processes of national and local character are considered. Some international agreements and acts that set and disclose the above standards are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the norms of the legislation of Ukraine, which enshrine both general principles and certain forms of participation of public associations in making socially important decisions at the local level. Conclusions. It is emphasized that there are a number of unresolved issues regarding the legal regulation of forms of participation of public associations and other civil society institutions in addressing issues of local importance, which should be resolved by amending current legislation and adopting new laws of Ukraine.

The Role of Creative Placemaking

The Role of Creative Placemaking

Community Belonging in Local Character Anecdotes

Local character narratives offer a fruitful corpus for exploring the relation between community belonging, identity and narrator stance. After summarizing North American scholarship on the local character genre, I explore the ways two narrators establish their storytelling rights to a rural Maine narrative tradition. Adopting an interactionist orientation toward discourse, I map the ways that the narrators position themselves with respect to each other and to their internalized other, the local character. I demonstrate that community belonging, and the storytelling rights that such belonging confers, is a discursive accomplishment that transcends stable class and geographic positions. The character story offers narrators a way to simultaneously identify with the most marginal, most emblematic members of their community while at the same time distinguishing themselves as normative citizens. Recognizing identities as plural, multi-voiced and sometimes conflicting, I challenge folklorists to explore how differently situated narrators can participate in a tradition that is attached to a particular place. I suggest we replace the notion of positionality –an enumeration of fixed identity features – with that of positioning – a discursive and social accomplishment – in our discussions of storytelling rights.