Local Business Community Research Articles

From Downturn to Upturn, An Economic Lift of Local Business Entrepreneurs in Qatar as Affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenology

Abstract: Background: Globally, local entrepreneurs have experienced an economic downturn brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic. Local businessmen in Qatar are not an exception. Method: This qualitative research paper utilized the phenomenological approach as it sought to understand the lived experiences of business owners in Qatar who are experiencing financial decline relative to the central question: “How do local business owners deal with financial decline brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic?”. Findings: The verbal ponderings and statements of the respondents revealed three major themes that local business partners had experienced before their businesses finally reached an upswing. These are (1) CUSTOMER RELATIONS, dealing with Acknowledging Achievements, Attaining Customer Values, and Operating Responses, (2) ADJUSTMENT REMODELING, focusing on Building Foundations, Adapting to Changes, and Coping with Mishaps, and (3) BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT which is about Dealing Impacts, Relieving Stress, and Addressing Liabilities of the businesses impacted by the pandemic. Conclusion: Local Business Partners had a continuous downturn to a series of events revolving around its business, however, most of the respondents are satiated with operating the facility under circumstances. Recommendations: This study recommends that business owners here in Qatar enable themselves to be knowledgeable of the phases behind the strategies of managing a business. These can aid the entrepreneurs in their decision-making skills for the business to prosper. The upcoming related studies should further enlarge the concept of businesses as it will help begin a broader perception of the local businesses. Keywords: Qatar Business Owners, Entrepreneurs, Finance, Recession, Financial

Difficult climate-adaptive decisions in forests as complex social–ecological systems

Climate change threatens the social, ecological, and economic benefits enjoyed by forest-dependent communities worldwide. Climate-adaptive forest management strategies such as genomics-based assisted migration (AM) may help protect many of these threatened benefits. However, such novel technological interventions in complex social-ecological systems will generate new risks, benefits, and uncertainties that interact with diverse forest values and preexisting risks. Using data from 16 focus groups in British Columbia, Canada, we show that different stakeholders (forestry professionals, environmental nongovernmental organizations, local government officials, and members of local business communities) emphasize different kinds of risks and uncertainties in judging the appropriateness of AM. We show the difficulty of climate-adaptive decisions in complex social-ecological systems in which both climate change and adaptation will have widespread and cascading impacts on diverse nonclimate values. Overarching judgments about AM as an adaptation strategy, which may appear simple when elicited in surveys or questionnaires, require that participants make complex trade-offs among multiple domains of uncertain and unknown risks. Overall, the highest-priority forest management objective for most stakeholders is the health and integrity of the forest ecosystem from which all other important forest values derive. The factor perceived as riskiest is our lack of knowledge of how forest ecosystems work, which hinders stakeholders in their assessment of AM's acceptability. These results are further evidence of the inherent risk in privileging natural science above other forms of knowledge at the science-policy interface. When decisions are framed as technical, the normative and ethical considerations that define our fundamental goals are made invisible.

The role of local business employees and community members in the HIV risk environment of female sex workers in an urban setting: associations between negative interactions and inconsistent condom use

BackgroundThe role of business employees and community members in the HIV risk environment of female sex workers (FSW) is underexplored, despite sex work often located in commercial and residential urban areas. We explored the effect of negative interactions between business employees and community members on inconsistent condom use with clients of female sex workers.MethodsThis study uses baseline data from the EMERALD study, a community empowerment intervention with FSW. We recruited a sample of 361 FSW in Baltimore, Maryland using targeted sampling techniques in ten zones characterized by high rates of sex work, located throughout the city. Participants were recruited between September 2017 and January 2019 and completed a survey, HIV rapid testing, and self-administered gonorrhea and chlamydia testing. The outcome, inconsistent condom use, was defined as not reporting “always” using condoms with paying clients. Poisson regressions with robust variance were used to model the effect of business employee and/or community member interactions on inconsistent condom use.ResultsOver half (54%) the sample was between 18 and 40 years old, 44% Black or another race, and experienced a range of structural vulnerabilities such as housing instability and food insecurity. Forty-four percent of the sample reported inconsistent condom use with clients. FSW reported being reported to the police weekly or daily for selling drugs (14% by employees, 17% by community), for selling sex (19% by employees, 21% by community), and experiencing weekly or daily verbal or physical threats (18% by employees, 24% by community). In multivariable models, being reported to the police for selling sex weekly or daily by community members (vs. never, aRR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.86) and business owners (vs. never, aRR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.76) increased risk of inconsistent condom use, as did monthly verbal or physical threats by community members (vs. never, aRR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.91).ConclusionsResults show that both actors play important roles in FSWs’ HIV risk environment. Businesses and community members are important targets for holistic HIV prevention interventions among FSW in communities where they coexist in close proximity.

ECONOMICS OF FISH PRODUCTION IN CHILIKA LAKE OF ODISHA

Objective-The objectives of the study are to examine the trend and pattern of cost, income and profit from Fish economy in Chilika Lake, to investigate the seasonality and pattern of revenue from tourism in Chilika Lake, to analyze the income and living standards of businessmen and their perception and to assess the developmental activities by Government of Odisha and Chilika Development Authority (CDA) to promote wetland services of Chilika. Methodology-The study is based on environmental impact on Chilika. Approximately 160 species of birds mostly of intercontinental migrant species and Irrawaddy dolphin, the lake is having immense tourism potential. Findings-Chilika as a wetland has a complex and fragile ecosystem unlike other water bodies. Chilika Lake has about 132 fishing villages and it is surrounded by around 273 villages. The population of the fishing villages is more than 0.15 million. Though the country earns foreign revenue by exporting spices fish, prawn, crab its cultivation on crop land is exerting negative impact on the nearby villages and therefore aims at conducting a survey on the socio economic conditions of people involved in fishing activity and the environmental impact of fish cultivation. KEYWORDS: Chilika, Crab, Ecosystem, Fishing, Local businessmen, prawn, Tourism, Wetland

Inter-firm convening and organisational power: How American multinationals mobilised the Venezuelan business community to adopt CSR practices, 1961–1967

In the 1960s, political threats drove petroleum multinational corporations in Venezuela to deploy highly sophisticated defense strategies. The American industry leader, Creole, wanted the local business community to adopt corporate social responsibility (CSR) identities and practices as a buffer against state intervention and communist uprising. How would Creole instigate such field-level organisational transformation? By addressing this question through theoretically informed historical narration, I endeavour to extend institutional theory into the world of inter-firm mobilizations for institutional creation and change. Such mobilizations are organised through inter-firm convening: a mechanism through which organisations mobilise – based on the establishment of a special-purpose meta-organisation – to address external challenges by modifying collective identities, remodelling forms of organisation, and diffusing practices in their field. (In Venezuela, this meta-organisation was called Dividendo.) By using this centrally coordinated form of mobilisation, the project’s agenda setters can exert transformative influence on the identity and behaviour of potentially numerous other organisations. I discuss implications for the study of institutional work, organisational power, and global diffusion. The article promotes a corporate and management-centred perspective on CSR, Latin American, and Cold War historiography.

The Property of the Nation: George Washington’s Tomb, Mount Vernon, and the Memory of the First President by Matthew R. Costello

Reviewed by: The Property of the Nation: George Washington’s Tomb, Mount Vernon, and the Memory of the First President by Matthew R. Costello Sara Georgini The Property of the Nation: George Washington’s Tomb, Mount Vernon, and the Memory of the First President. By Matthew R. Costello. (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2019. Pp. xvi, 336. $45.00, ISBN 978-0-7006-2827-8.) Who owns history and the means to remake memory? Mining studies of early American thought and following the practice of reading public monuments as political markers, Matthew R. Costello investigates the fascinating afterlives of the nation’s first president. A southern-born god, a careworn hero, a ruthless slave owner, a federal leader for the ages—George Washington’s role has shifted variously since his death in 1799. One public site, his tomb at Mount Vernon, sits at the center of Costello’s skillfully researched and eloquently written inquiry. Reuniting the physical preservation of Washington’s body (the “property”) with the intellectual energy of republican etiquette (the “progress”) of the new nation, Costello shows how Americans mourned and remembered amid tides of political violence and cultural change. Six thematic chapters, culled from founding-era correspondence and deep material culture research, support his view that Washington’s “tomb served as an intersection for historical tourism, race and class relations, popular culture, and religious expression, all facets of life transformed by the advent of political democracy” (p. 9). That thrumming soundtrack of government power hovers over the book, giving larger discussions of nostalgia and nativism an extra emphasis. For scholars seeking a prehistory of founding fathers tourism, this work is especially evocative. It underlines the ongoing tension of public history, private homes, and political power. To a great crowd of Victorian Americans turned visitors, Washington was born to die. Mount Vernon morphed into a shrine, glutted with gatekeepers, memorabilia-hawkers, and myths galore. As Costello demonstrates, this change coincided with Americans’ self-invention as “pilgrims” who braved new travels and embraced the kind of philanthropy needed to save the Virginia plantation from ruin (p. 11). A unique cast of voices tells the story. Costello weaves together the words and acts of the Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association, local businessmen, and the formerly enslaved community to reconsider a familiar saga of salvage. The hard work of sustaining Washington’s legacy, in this interpretation, was imbued with privilege and profit. For tourists and funders alike, the dilemma of how to present the real Washington dominated headlines and checkbooks. Democratizing the president’s past brought challenges discussed in the book that public historians, archivists, and museum curators will find quite useful to read about in depth. One of the most dynamic results of Washington’s curation was the cohort of citizens who exercised political power to save his memory, accomplishing their task without the right to vote: women, African Americans, and foreign visitors. All claimed Washington’s body and legacy as relics of a shared revolution that felt increasingly—and dangerously— distant. The world after Washington moved on, with him. [End Page 114] Sara Georgini Massachusetts Historical Society Copyright © 2021 The Southern Historical Association

Niue

Niue Salote Talagi (bio) This has been an unprecedented period for Niue, with the global novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic compelling Niue to shut its borders for the first time in contemporary history and the 2020 Niue general election resulting in the ousting of former Premier Sir Toke Talagi. While the former was a significant and unforeseen event, the latter was [End Page 214] unsurprising, following concerns regularly raised by opposition members of Parliament (mps) over the former premier’s extended absence from Niue due to ill health and the ensuing calls for his resignation due to his inability to carry out duties expected of him as premier and minister for finance. First, I extend my condolences to the family of and the people of Niue led by former Premier Sir Toke Talagi, who passed away while this review was being written. While our approaches to politics differed, Sir Toke was an admirable and bold leader who was fiercely proud of Niue and its people and who saw great potential in what Niue could achieve. It is without a doubt that, thanks to his leadership, Niue is now well placed for the new government to carry forward. There were a number of key items and events worth noting during this period: Niue designated 40 percent of its exclusive economic zone, an equivalent of 127,000 square kilometers (49,035 square miles), as a marine conservation area (Moana Mahu Marine protected area); the country became the world’s first Dark Sky Nation; there was impressive external diplomatic representation at Niue’s forty-fifth constitution celebrations, with representatives from Aotearoa/New Zealand, Australia, the United States, and the People’s Republic of China; and Niue was removed from the European Union’s blacklist for tax havens after it implemented all necessary reforms to strengthen good governance and clamp down on tax avoidance (bcn, 25 Feb 2020). A total of four acts were passed in the Niue Legislative Assembly during this period, and four regulations were introduced (Niue Crown Law Office 2020). Evidently, this period has been quiet on the lawmaking front, with opposition to some extent dominating discussions in the assembly and media, in addition to disruptions caused by covid-19 and the Niue general election. As such, this review focuses on the impacts of covid-19 and the 2020 election. The covid-19 pandemic saw Niue, which remains one of the world’s few covid-19-free countries, shut its borders to the outside world for the first time in contemporary history. Plagued by disquiet and calls from opposition mps and the local business community to shut Niue’s borders, the government and other relevant agencies’ proactive management of Niue’s response to the virus, including the application of a virus-prevention strategy, has so far been successful. This approach follows the lead of other countries who have been successful in their management of covid-19, such as Tonga and New Zealand. As the number of cases surged globally, it was evident that Niue’s health-care system, as well as its broader political system, was in no position to handle any case or community outbreak of the virus. The decimating outbreak of measles in Sāmoa in 2019 signaled that island countries like Niue are not immune to such events. Given Niue’s ill-equipped health-care system, which is reliant on New Zealand and other regional and global bodies for support, equipment, and supplies, the best strategy was prevention. With the establishment of covid-19 as a notifiable disease pursuant to the Public Health Act 1965, travel [End Page 215] restrictions and strict quarantine requirements for incoming passengers were implemented (Government of Niue 2020). The first few repatriation flights were not without issues, as many people were confused about the meaning of “quarantine” and “isolation” and the quarantine rules for arrivals were inconsistent. The first covid-19 briefing in Niue for arriving passengers also saw family and community members attend out of interest, raising concerns about the risk of exposure not only to those present but also to the Niue Golf and Sports Club members. Many appeared to struggle to fully grasp and understand the implications of...

Pengembangan kawasan pesisir melalui pembentukan Desa Wisata Sepahat Kabupaten Bengkalis

This paper aimed to develop the tourism potential of Sepahat Village, Bandar Laksamana District, Bengkalis Regency, what has been carried out, the obstacles are faced, and guidance efforts are carried out to support the realization of a tourist village, as well as recommendations that can be undertaken in the future. This community service activity used several methods, namely FGD, consultation, mentoring, and training. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted between the companion team (community service) with a team of cross-disciplinary and cross-university experts who were concerned and experienced in developing and assisting the fostered village and tourism village. FGD was also undertaken with the village head and local community leader. Consultation was carried out between local business actors, village head and community service team. Assistance was carried out between business actors directly related or as a support to tourism activities with local groups. The exploration of new economic potential in developing tourist villages, adding to the existing potential on the coast with peat soil, identifying a number of activities to encourage the realization of tourism villages, active participation and strong support from the society and local officials, gathering of society in tourism awareness groups, and also received a number of policy proposals to strengthen tourism village institutions.

INSTITUTIONS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION IN KATERINOSLAV PROVINCE IN THE EARLY XXth CENTURY AND LEARNING FEATURES (Cases of Katerinoslav male gymnasium and Mariupol Mariinsky female gymnasium)

Relevance of the article is due to the need to present valuable experience of private and public education gained by educational institutions that were on the territory of modern Ukraine in the early 20th century. The number of students of Katerinoslav male gymnasium and Mariupol Mariinsky female gymnasium in the early 20th century is analyzed in the article. The features of their education in these secondary education institutions are revealed: the subjects and programs, tuition fees, help to poor but talented students (scholarships, etc.). It is shown that in the early 20th century the number of students in secondary education institutions increased, which led to the opening of new educational institutions in Katerinoslav Province. The quantitative composition of students in different years in male and female educational institutions of that period and their social strata are characterized. It is shown that not only state secondary education institutions were opened, but also private ones. Characteristic of this period was the creation of various public organizations that took care of the development of education. Philanthropy in the sphere of education among the local elite and business community reached a significant scale. Thus, it is proved that the reform of the secondary school, though it hasn’t not received legislative support in the Russian Empire, but it was put into practice, that led to the growth of the number of private educational institutions, as well as public and charitable initiatives related to the education of insolvent population. Coverage of the work of individual educational institutions during that period gives an opportunity to get an idea of the Russian government; s domestic policy concerning education, to draw conclusions about the level of literacy and education and the social structure of education.

Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281

Forest fire was a persistent concern management in conservation areas of Mount Ciremai National Park (MCNP) and Kuningan Botanical Garden (KBG). Many of the forest fire was sparked by anthropogenic ignitions like careless fire use for extracting forest honey. This study aims to map multi stakeholder roles on fire management in conservation areas. Twenty-seven actors were interviewed to learn who are the fire actors and network. These multi stakeholders included government officials, local businessmen, non-governmental organizations and community members. Study site and data collection were carried out in seven villages around conservation areas from July to September 2019. The relationships between the actors were analyzed with the software Node XL Basic and Gephi 9.0.2 using the Social Network Analysis. Our results identify close relationships and strong connections to all actors of more than half (63.2%) but social or personal approach between all actors were still required. Head of MCNP, Head of KBG and Head of AKAR (Aktivitas Anak Rimba) acted as the important actors. To prevent the area from further fire occurrences, management authorities should establish mutual confidence and make other actors believe that heads of conservation areas are a solid team to prevent conservation areas from burning.

The Response of National and Local Portuguese Government Authorities to COVID-19

Abstract COVID-19 has caused in Portugal an enormous economic, financial, and social challenge that must be answered by the national and local Portuguese government authorities. Several support measures have been launched to protect businesses, economic sustainability, and employment levels. At the national level, projects with greater economic emphasis are highlighted, which aim to support companies and their workers. The most noteworthy are measures relegated to simplified lay-off, social protection for individuals in isolation or with illness, and support for the payment of basic expenses such as electricity, water, and gas. Also, on this level, measures concerning teleworking and school at home through television have changed the daily lives of families. At the local level, there was a greater emphasis on the social dimension. The role played by local authorities and local councils in stimulating the local business community and supporting the creation of volunteer banks, the delivery of food and medicines, and the production of goods for individual protection was highlighted.

Polish Perceptions of the Belt Road Initiative Research among Managers in Opole Voivodeship

Purpose: The article discusses the expectations and plans of Polish managers from small, medium, and large sector enterprises in Opole Voivodeship related to the possibility of more effective cooperation with the Chinese side. Design/Methodology/Approach: A survey was carried out among Polish managers who represent small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large businesses in Opole Voivodeship to learn their perceptions of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), as well as the plans and expectations that entrepreneurs have of the initiative. Findings: The main conclusions drawn involve, among others, the observation that entrepreneurs have very similar views on BRI. Insufficient information provided to the local business community on the Initiative was noted, which results in them not fully realizing what the Initiative actually is. Consequently, they do not know how they can participate in it or where they can obtain answers to questions about potential cooperation with the Chinese side. Moreover, most of the information about the Initiative that they have received so far does not come from the business or scientific community but the media. Practical Implications: The presented results are important for the European and Chinese sides. Among others, for institutions piloting individual projects operating under the auspices of OBOR, organizations operating in Opole Voivodeship, and for universities teaching in the area of economic and legal science. Originality/value: Research results can contribute to how the BRI is currently perceived by the Polish, who represent the SME and large enterprise sectors, how it impacts the practical effects of economic cooperation, and what steps should be taken make these effects acceptable.

RETRACTED: Design of Sino–Japanese cross border e-commerce platform based on FPGA and data mining

China and Japan have the third-largest Internet companies in the world market. Nevertheless, it is often through online dealers who are not familiar with several different paths to deal with the mysterious low cross-outs and ignore online shopping, about e-business (Web-Based Enterprise). Fast service coordination of logical contradiction between the E-management is analyzed. The technology and Internet companies the local business community to be considering style quick-service industry chain. However, Japanese buyers to buy products from unfamiliar sites. Information Mining is using various rules to cover the majority of the data set or data, many of which are hidden, the method of connecting the computer to find segments where possible. With great personal residents of these works, due to the general Internet penetration on the Internet, by doing so, Japan is attractive to businesses conducting cross stripes online distributors. Exploration of statistical forecasting financial adds up to reduce the Japanese Internet business transactions of the year. A transaction does not like hose incremental consumer spending further charge after the contraction in the last quarter, when the Japanese economy that this is incredible brand loyalty, it is more cost-conscious than it is now and directed for expansion to try new brands, as they continue to look ready. We're dealing with and who will have it in the contract in the main quarter Japanese consumers.

The U Choose Awards: A Marketing Research, Branding, and Community Engagement Project

ABSTRACT The U Choose awards is a student-led marketing research, branding, and community engagement project. This project is designed to provide students with a range of opportunities to apply and demonstrate marketing knowledge while engaging with the local business community. Under the guidance of a faculty advisor, students are tasked with developing and distributing a survey to assess the consumer-based brand equity of local businesses and organizations, branding their project, and presenting the winning businesses/organizations of each category with an award recognizing their accomplishment. We created the U Choose Awards as an activity for the student chapter of the AMA (course-based adaptations also discussed). We saw this as an alternative to live cases, which can be unreliable in delivering marketing knowledge to students because live cases can vary so much in the quality of the experience.

ETHNIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND LOCAL BUSINESS COMMUNITY:
 EXPERIENCE OF INTERACTION IN THE CONSUMER MARKET IN THE REGION

The article describes ethnic entrepreneurship and the economic entities that re¬present it. The authors substantiate the role of the diaspora as a criterion for "breeding" the con-cepts of ethnic entrepreneurship and local business community. The article reveals the methodology for understanding the phenomenon of the local business community, and identifies its general and specific features. There were examined the domestic practice of social interaction between ethnic entrepreneurship and the local business community in the consumer market of the South of Western Siberia in the Tyumen and Omsk regions bordering the Republic of Kazakhstan. The stages of development of the process of inter-action of ethnic business structures with the local business community are analyzed. The article describes the current state of ethnic entrepreneurship in the studied region. The results of sociological research in 2018-2019 in the framework of the scientific community "Social responsibility of business" (Tyumen) are presented. Representatives of municipal authorities of the Tyumen and Omsk regions, the local business community and ethnic entrepreneurship of the region took part in the research. The authors identified behavioral priorities of economic entities and the level of competition between them in each segment of the consumer market in the South of Western Siberia. There are determined competi-tive advantages of the local business community in comparison with ethnic entrepreneur-ship. The article presents results of an expert assessment of the interaction between the local business community and ethnic entrepreneurship, as well as the author's vision of its prospects. The ranking of significance of promising areas of interaction between the local business community and ethnic business structures in the consumer market of the South of Western Siberia is compiled. The social responsibility of ethnic and local businesses is updated, which implies that they make an independent decision to invest their own funds in creating a favorable social environment, in the health, safety and comprehensive devel-opment of regional society

Power Relations in Developing Bussiness of Cattle Farm in the District of West Tasifeto, Belu Regency, Indonesia’s East Nusa Tenggara Province

This research aims to analyze power relations between actors in developing local commodities through a cattle farm in the District of West Tasifeto, the Regency of Belu. The author applies descriptive qualitative research methods in disentangling power relations between actors who play their roles in drafting Belu’s Local Regulation (Peraturan Daerah/Perda) No. 6 of 2011. In collecting data, the author employs a qualitative approach, namely observation, and interviews with local farmers, Melus ethnic communities, Belu Regency’s government (Department of Farming Affairs), Local Businessmen, and secondary data from various documents. This study reveals that there are power relations among actors, namely local farmers, local authorities (Department of Farming Affairs, Belu Regency), and local businessmen, which are indicated by three indicators in drafting local regulation, selecting the farming area, and marketing the cattle products. Within these power relations, the actors influence each other at every moment and every connection. A strategy that is employed is not violence. Rather, it is through social relations and regulation system to promote various interests through politics of law, legal drafting, to enact a local regulation (Peraturan Daerah/Perda). Business people’s interests and political interests have been imposed in this process of extending local commodities, which compete with the local farmers’ interests that less impacted by the government’s project. Therefore, the expansion of local commodities through a cattle farm in West Tasifeto results in the complexity of power relations interplaying with each other.

Can We Harness the Business Paradigm of Value Creation to Support Quality Improvement Projects? [31G

INTRODUCTION: Quality improvement projects are generally not reimbursed by payers and often rely on engaged staff and physician volunteers. Physicians typically receive no training in business strategy. We hypothesized that adopting a paradigm of value creation has the potential to support QI projects and thereby enhance patient outcomes in a financially sustainable way. METHODS: Childbirth is the most common indication for hospital admission in the US. We identified pain points for insurance companies and hospitals that coincided with existing quality improvement initiatives. A decrease in the cesarean rate was chosen as a potentially modifiable target that would create a compelling value proposition for payers. A labor support app was then designed with content curated to support a QI initiative to decrease the NTSV cesarean rate. A business plan was built around the app and tested for viability in the investor community, with hospital administrators, insurance- and employer representatives. RESULTS: We partnered with Penny Simkin, to provide labor support content. Labor support has been shown to decrease cesarean birth. The app format allows for easy access by patients and their care team. Every cesarean avoided results in cost savings for payers, favoring payment of the app. This was highly acceptable to hospitals administrators, insurance and employer representatives. The business plan won first place in the business plan competition, indicating a high level of support of the local business community. CONCLUSION: Approaching clinical problems with a perspective of value creation to payers has the potential to create financially viable solutions and improve care for our patients.

Strategi Pengembangan Potensi Wisata Desa Bukit Telago Dalam Perspektif Community Based Tourism

The purpose of this research is to determine the extent of community involvement at the village of Bukit Telago and how the strategy of developing tourism at the village of Bukit Telago. Descriptive qualitative is the methodology used in this study. With 30 samples consisting of officials, community and local entrepreneurs, the method of sampling is use purposive sampling and random sampling methods. The results are that community involvement at Bukit Telago tourism was only in communities around the village and the development strategy used involves three pillars namely village, community and local businessmen who are mutually integrated.

THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS IN INDONESIA POST ISSUANCE OF THE CONSITUTIONAL COURT DECISION NUMBER 13/PUU-XVI/2018

<p>As a developing country participating in international economy, Indonesia has declared a clear commitment to create a stable and conducive environment for investment. Such endeavor has been met fraught with challenges, especially from within the country itself. Challenges to the constitutionality of Investment International Agreements (IIAs), including both Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) forged between Indonesia and various countries have arisen and recently led to a constitutional claim, resulting in the Decision No. 13/PUU-XVI/2018 (Decision No. 13/2018). Allegations that the discriminatory and unfair treatment against local businessmen caused by such IIAs clearly constitutes a violation of the Constitution, rendering IIAs that have been signed to-date reviewable, and more extremely, unconstitutional, and must be terminated. This Article aims to discuss on assess the issue of constitutionality of IIAs, especially through the discussions in Decision No. 13/2018, and its impact on Indonesia’s commitment to IIAs.</p>

Funfair past and present for geocultural branding of Ural cities

The subject of this research is the funfair past and present for geocultural branding of Ural cities. The object is the geocultural potential of small historical Ural cities – Irbit and Krasnoufimsk. In the course of study it was established that in modern urban space there are noticeable creative initiatives that demonstrate an alternative vision of image of the city and its local communities (production, consumer, artistic). It is underlined that geocultural resources of the city is a fusion of particular natural-landscape and sociocultural resources that permanently “provoke” arrangement of a situation for a creative action – determination of latent capabilities of these resources and their subsequent utilization for the purpose of testing new promising suggestions, are useful for artistic self-expression, as well as mending an effective strategy for geocultural branding of the city. Solution of the indicated problems leans on the concept of geocultural branding of the city and territories in the forma that it was described in scientific writings of D. N. Zamyatin, as well as on the theory of creative city of C. Landry, namely the thesis on creative action. The scientific novelty consists in demonstration of potential application of the concept of geocultural branding to a funfair action. Shifting away from the traditional understanding of designation of funfair, its recognition as the generator of “creative energy” of the city, the center of cultural and artistic activity of the people, allows finding consensual solutions between the local authorities, business communities and creative groups.