Local Analogs Research Articles

Optimal local work extraction from bipartite quantum systems in the presence of Hamiltonian couplings

We investigate the problem of finding the local analogue of the ergotropy, that is the maximum work that can be extracted from a system if we can only apply local unitary transformation acting on a given subsystem. In particular, we provide a closed formula for the local ergotropy in the special case in which the local system has only two levels, and give analytic lower bounds and semidefinite programming upper bounds for the general case. As non-trivial examples of application, we compute the local ergotropy for a atom in an electromagnetic cavity with Jaynes-Cummings coupling, and the local ergotropy for a spin site in an XXZ Heisenberg chain, showing that the amount of work that can be extracted with an unitary operation on the coupled system can be greater than the work obtainable by quenching off the coupling with the environment before the unitary transformation.

Formal degrees and the local theta correspondence: The quaternionic case

In this paper, we determine a constant occurring in a local analogue of the Siegel-Weil formula, and describe the behavior of the formal degrees under the local theta correspondence for a quaternionic dual pair of almost equal rank over a non-Archimedean local field of characteristic 0 0 . As an application, we prove the formal degree conjecture of Hiraga, Ichino and Ikeda for the non-split inner forms of S p 4 \mathrm {Sp}_4 and G S p 4 \mathrm {GSp}_4 .

Guitar Music of Celso Garrido-Lecca: Modern Projections of Peruan Traditions

The relevance of the article is to deepen the analytical aspect of knowledge about Peruan guitar music of the late 20th – early 21st centuries in the context of the renewal of genre traditions of Andean music on the example of works by Celso Garrido-Lecca. Main objective of the study is to determine the influence of Peruvian traditions on the guitar music of Celso Garrido-Lecca in the conditions of modern creative contexts. The methodology includes methods of historical, comparative, phenomenological, structural and functional analysis for: contextual consideration of the composer's creative activity; study of genre and style elements of Peruvian music traditions of folk, professional and non-academic origin in their interaction with the academic language of new music; comparison of the genealogy of rhythmic structures and their manifestations in the researched works; correlation of associative-figurative series with timbral connotations, specific genres and intonation and chord patterns. Results and conclusions. The study of the guitar music of the contemporary Peruvian composer Celso Garrido-Lecca performed by masters of academic art opens interesting pages of the new South American repertoire. Loyalty to the folklore traditions of his country, the study of timbre specificity and aesthetics of the Andean sound, the organology of ancient aerophones and local analogues of the charango, the collective practice of music making, as well as the ethnic language elements of the music of the coastal regions have affected the author's guitar works. Household traditions of Peruvian culture are identified in the sound atmosphere of the new vocabulary of the European model - polytonal “collage” music layers, constructivist modal octatonic arrangements, in the context of serial elements and polystylistic overlays of “foreign” texts. The genealogy of the rhythms deciphered in the composer's guitar opuses indicates a closeness to specific genre features: the Andean rhythm formulas of the huáyno, the Afro-Peruvian festejo, the ancient figures of the landó, the Creole samacueca, the tondero and the marinera with Iberian roots. The author resorted to quoting folklore sources in "Popular Andean Dances" with their updating with musical means of modern vocabulary; imitated the timbres of Andean flute orchestras in the cycle “Poetics” in the guitar parts; introduced the Andean charango of the Ayacuchan model into the scores of the orchestral versions of his suites; in the part of the instrumental duet of charango and guitar. In Celso Garrido-Lecca's guitar works, syntheses of archaic thinking of folkloric Andean chants, hybrid origins of poetics of local Creole and Afro-Peruvian rhythms with new language and intonation paradigms of academic art are organically embodied. Research perspectives are seen in the study of the influence of Peruvian culture on the modern non-academic traditions.

CLASSY IV. Exploring UV Diagnostics of the Interstellar Medium in Local High-z Analogs at the Dawn of the JWST Era* *Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the Data Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.

The Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) Legacy Archive Spectroscopic SurveY (CLASSY) provides the first high-resolution spectral catalog of 45 local high-z analogs in the ultraviolet (UV; 1200–2000 Å) to investigate their stellar and gas properties. Here we present a toolkit of UV interstellar medium (ISM) diagnostics, analyzing the main emission lines of CLASSY spectra (N iv] λ λ1483,87, C iv λλ1548,51, He ii λ1640, O iii]λ λ1661,6, Si iii] λλ1883,92, C iii] λ1907,9). Specifically, our aim is to provide accurate diagnostics for the reddening E(B − V), electron density n e , electron temperature T e , metallicity 12+log(O/H), and ionization parameter log(U), taking the different ISM ionization zones into account. We calibrate our UV toolkit using well-known optical diagnostics, analyzing archival optical spectra for all CLASSY targets. We find that UV density diagnostics estimate n e values that are ∼1–2 dex higher (e.g., n e (C iii]λ λ1907,9) ∼ 104 cm−3) than those inferred from their optical counterparts (e.g., n e ([S ii]λ λ6717,31) ∼ 102 cm−3; n e ([Ar iv]λ λ4714,41) ∼ 103 cm−3). T e derived from the hybrid ratio [O iii] λ1666/λ5007 proves to be reliable, implying differences in determining 12+log(O/H) compared to the optical counterpart O iii] λ4363/[O iii] λ5007 within ∼ ±0.3 dex. We also investigate the relation between the stellar and gas E(B − V), finding consistent values at high specific star formation rates (sSFRs; yr−1), while at low sSFRs we confirmed an excess of dust attenuation in the gas. Finally, we investigate UV line ratios and equivalent widths to provide correlations with 12+log(O/H) and log(U), but note that there are degeneracies between the two. With this suite of UV-based diagnostics, we illustrate the pivotal role CLASSY plays in understanding the chemical and physical properties of high-z systems that JWST can observe in the rest-frame UV.

High-resolution 3D geological modelling of heterogeneity in poorly exposed glacial deposits using sedimentary and glaciotectonic architectural element analysis: a case example from Sellafield in west Cumbria, UK

Three-dimensional modelling of superficial geology is challenging, particularly for complex industrial sites such as the Sellafield nuclear site, Cumbria, UK. A lithostratigraphic approach is sufficient to show distribution of key units where only a general understanding of hydrogeology is required. For many sites, however, a much higher-resolution understanding is needed to better characterize heterogeneity and identify potential pathways for contaminant transport within safety case development and remediation planning. Models that focus on often thin, laterally discontinuous, heterogeneous sedimentary units are beset with issues including (1) a lack of exposure coupled with a dearth of data gathered by low-intrusive and intrusive means, (2) structural, stratigraphic and sedimentological complexities making correlation between data points difficult and (3) uncertainties associated with data quality. However, these problems may be overcome by combining land-system-based sedimentary and glaciotectonic architectural analysis of local field analogues with the creation of a portfolio of generic unit-bounding surface geometries. We test this through the development of a high-resolution 3D geological model of Sellafield nuclear site, where exposures are sparse, but shallow site-investigation boreholes are many. The results demonstrate that land-system-based sedimentary and glaciotectonic architectural element analysis can be applied to capture substantial subsurface heterogeneity resulting from dynamic glacial processes.

Composition and cheese suitability of milk of cows of different breeds

The aim of this work was to compare the quality of milk and its suitability for processing into cheese in cows of the local Ukrainian black-and-white dairy (UBW) breed and their crossbreeds with the Swiss breed. The research was conducted on a commercial farm in Vinnytsia region. The first farm keeps purebred cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed and crossbreeds of the first generation obtained as a result of crossing with the Brown Swiss breed. Two groups (purebred and local) analog cows were formed with 20 heads each. It was found that crossbreeding had a positive effect on the content of fat and protein in milk in crossbreeds UBW and Brown Swiss cows, these values were 0.21 and 0.13% higher than in purebred cows. At the same time, the crossbreeds lost some of their productivity - the average daily yield of UBW and Brown Swiss cows was 1.83 kg lower than that of purebred counterparts. The crossbreeds of UBW and Brown Swiss cows were dominated by purebred analogues in terms of energy value of 1 kg of milk and theoretically possible yield of rennet cheese by 0.141 MJ and 0.53 kg. The duration of the coagulation phase of milk obtained from crossbred cows was shorter than that of purebred analogues: in crossbreeds of UBW and Brown Swiss cows by 1.23 minutes. Samples of milk obtained from crossbreeds had the highest class on the characteristics of the rennet clot. Out of 20 studied samples of milk of UBW cows of breed 15 samples (75%) are referred to I and 5 (25%) - to II class; in the milk of UBW and Brown Swiss breeds of cows 17 (85%) - up to I and 3 (15%) - up to II class.

Exact saturation in pseudo-elementary classes for simple and stable theories

We use exact saturation to study the complexity of unstable theories, showing that a variant of this notion called pseudo-elementary class (PC)-exact saturation meaningfully reflects combinatorial dividing lines. We study PC-exact saturation for stable and simple theories. Among other results, we show that PC-exact saturation characterizes the stability cardinals of size at least continuum of a countable stable theory and, additionally, that simple unstable theories have PC-exact saturation at singular cardinals satisfying mild set-theoretic hypotheses. This had previously been open even for the random graph. We characterize supersimplicity of countable theories in terms of having PC-exact saturation at singular cardinals of countable cofinality. We also consider the local analog of PC-exact saturation, showing that local PC-exact saturation for singular cardinals of countable cofinality characterizes supershort theories.

Fibroblast-derived CXCL12 increases vascular permeability in a 3-D microfluidic model independent of extracellular matrix contractility.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an active role in remodeling the local tumor stroma to support tumor initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The CAF-secreted chemokine, CXCL12, has been directly implicated in the tumorigenic progression of carcinomas, including breast cancer. Using a 3-D in vitro microfluidic-based microtissue model, we demonstrate that stromal CXCL12 secreted by CAFs has a potent effect on increasing the vascular permeability of local blood microvessel analogues through paracrine signaling. Moreover, genetic deletion of fibroblast-specific CXCL12 significantly reduced vessel permeability compared to CXCL12 secreting CAFs within the recapitulated tumor microenvironment (TME). We suspected that fibroblast-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and contraction indirectly accounted for this change in vessel permeability. To this end, we investigated the autocrine effects of CXCL12 on fibroblast contractility and determined that antagonistic blocking of CXCL12 did not have a substantial effect on ECM contraction. Our findings indicate that fibroblast-secreted CXCL12 has a significant role in promoting a leakier endothelium hospitable to angiogenesis and tumor cell intravasation; however, autocrine CXCL12 is not the primary upstream trigger of CAF contractility.

First look with JWST spectroscopy: Resemblance among z ∼ 8 galaxies and local analogs

Deep images and near-IR spectra of galaxies in the field of the lensing cluster SMACS J0723.3−7327 were recently taken as part of the Early Release Observations (EROs) program of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Among these, two NIRSpec spectra of galaxies, at z = 7.7 and at z = 8.5, were obtained, revealing, for the first time, the rest-frame optical emission line spectra of galaxies in the epoch of reionization, including the detection of the important [O III]λ4363 auroral line (see JWST PR 2022-035). We present an analysis of the emission line properties of these galaxies, finding that these galaxies have a high excitation (as indicated by high ratios of [O III]λ5007/[O II] λ3727, [Ne III] λ3869/[O II] λ3727), strong [O III]λ4363, high equivalent widths, and other properties typical of low-metallicity star-forming galaxies. Using the direct method, we determined oxygen abundances of 12 + log(O/H)≈7.9 in two z = 7.7 galaxies and a lower metallicity of 12 + log(O/H)≈7.4 − 7.5 (∼5% solar) in the z = 8.5 galaxy using different strong line methods. More accurate metallicity determinations will require better data. With stellar masses estimated from spectral energy distribution (SED) fits, we find that the three galaxies lie close to or below the z ∼ 2 mass-metallicity relation. Overall, these first galaxy spectra at z ∼ 8 show a strong resemblance in their the emission line properties of galaxies in the epoch of reionization with those of relatively rare local analogs previously studied with the SDSS. Clearly, the first JWST observations demonstrate already the incredible power of spectroscopy to reveal the properties of galaxies in the early Universe.

Probability Games, Workshops, and the Social World of International Science Communication

Abstract Probabilistic thinking underpins a wide range of scientific claims, but effectively communicating probabilistic information across audiences is challenging. In this article, we present a political–institutional approach to science that harnesses the social relationships between the people working as scientists and the public using scientific innovations. First, we show how we learned to use games and local analogies to effectively communicate probabilistic seasonal forecasts of weather and crop yields with farmers, extension workers, and water managers in Ethiopia. Second, we show how workshops—the unglamorous institutional workhorse of international development and scientific enterprises—became warmhearted events when organized around the fundamental fact of social connections between researchers and the community members and between the community members themselves. Scientists in an international scientific collaboration may not be able to become longstanding members of every community, but our approach to workshopping—and to research networks—allowed us to be engidoch (in English, guests), to tap into rich social ties to harness the humor, goodwill, and commitment that is hard to muster when scientists engage with community members as unconnected, nameless “workshop participants.”

An Integrated Photorefractive Analog Matrix-Vector Multiplier for Machine Learning

AI is fueling explosive growth in compute demand that traditional digital chip architectures cannot keep up with. Analog crossbar arrays enable power efficient synaptic signal processing with linear scaling on neural network size. We present a photonic photorefractive crossbar array for neural network training and inference on local analog memory. We discuss the concept and present results based on the first prototype hardware.

On conjectures of Hovey–Strickland and Chai

We prove the height two case of a conjecture of Hovey and Strickland that provides a K(n)-local analogue of the Hopkins–Smith thick subcategory theorem. Our approach first reduces the general conjecture to a problem in arithmetic geometry posed by Chai. We then use the Gross–Hopkins period map to verify Chai’s Hope at height two and all primes. Along the way, we show that the graded commutative ring of completed cooperations for Morava E-theory is coherent, and that every finitely generated Morava module can be realized by a K(n)-local spectrum as long as 2p-2>n^2+n. Finally, we deduce consequences of our results for descent of Balmer spectra.

Improving the forecast accuracy of ECMWF 2-m air temperature using a historical dataset

The 2-m air temperature (T2m) is an important meteorological variable and has been the focus of meteorological forecasting. Although the numerical weather model is an important means of forecasting, it typically presents forecasting errors that cannot be eliminated by improving the ability of the numerical model to reproduce the processes. Thus, a statistical correction of the forecast results is required. In this study, we applied the local dynamical analog (LDA) method to correct the operational T2m forecast product obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts with the lead time of 24–240 h. To our knowledge, for the first time, we used spatially adjacent grids from high-resolution grid data as potential analog pools to compensate for the short duration of historical data. The T2m of weather forecasts in East Asia for December 2018 was improved by LDA correction with a small sample condition. Compared with ERA5 and station observation data, the results show that the root mean square error can be reduced by 2%–4% and the correlation coefficient can be increased by 1%–5% for different lead times, with the most distinct improvement effect for the medium-term forecast time. The Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Mongolia Plateau, and other areas, where the raw prediction error is relatively high, presented better performance than other regions. For a cold-wave process, we also demonstrate that the corrected results based on analogs present better forecasting skill performance than raw forecast results. The analog correction with the LDA method, which combines statistical and model dynamical techniques, is proposed to be integrated with other advanced operational models. The forecast skill of T2m was improved by a historical dataset, which may contribute to energy management and the construction industry.

Субградиентные методы для задач негладкой оптимизации с некоторой релаксацией условия острого минимума

In this paper we propose a generalized condition for a sharp minimum, somewhat similar to the inexact oracle proposed recently by Devolder-Glineur-Nesterov. The proposed approach makes it possible to extend the class of applicability of subgradient methods with the Polyak step-size, to the situation of inexact information about the value of the minimum, as well as the unknown Lipschitz constant of the objective function. Moreover, the use of local analogs of the global characteristics of the objective function makes it possible to apply the results of this type to wider classes of problems. We show the possibility of applying the proposed approach to strongly convex non-smooth problems, also, we make an experimental comparison with the known optimal subgradient method for such a class of problems. Moreover, there were obtained some results connected to the applicability of the proposed technique to some types of problems with convexity relaxations: the recently proposed notion of weak $\beta$-quasi-convexity and ordinary quasi-convexity. Also in the paper, we study a generalization of the described technique to the situation with the assumption that the $\delta$-subgradient of the objective function is available instead of the usual subgradient. For one of the considered methods, conditions are found under which, in practice, it is possible to escape the projection of the considered iterative sequence onto the feasible set of the problem.

Unveiling an Old Disk around a Massive Young Leaking Blueberry in SDSS-IV MaNGA

Abstract Extreme emission-line galaxies, such as blue compact dwarfs (BCDs), Green Peas (GPs), and blueberries in the local universe are potential candidates for understanding the nature of galaxies that reionized the early universe. Being low-mass, metal-poor starburst systems, they are understood to be local analogs of the high-redshift Lyman continuum and Lyα emitters (LAEs). Even with their proximity to us, we know little about their spatially resolved properties; while most blueberries and GPs are indeed compact, they remain unresolved. Here, we report the detection of a disk-like lower-surface-brightness (LSB) stellar host with a very old population around a blueberry LAE system using broad i-band imaging and integral field spectroscopic data from the SDSS and SDSS-IV MaNGA surveys, respectively. The LSB stellar host is structurally similar to that observed around local starburst BCDs. Furthermore, the kinematics of the studied blueberry source bears signs of misalignment between the gas and stellar components. Our findings establish an intriguing thread connecting the blueberry and an LSB disk with an old stellar population and suggest that blueberries and their high-redshift counterparts such as GPs do not represent peculiar cases of dwarf galaxy evolution. In fact, with respect to the structural properties of their host galaxies, they are compatible with a common evolutionary track of the main population of local BCDs.

Ground states for Maxwell\u2019s equations in nonlocal nonlinear media

In this paper we investigate the existence of ground states and dual ground states for Maxwell’s Equations in {mathbb {R}}^3 in nonlocal nonlinear metamaterials. We prove that several nonlocal models admit ground states in contrast to their local analogues.

Quality of Local Scale Surface Weather Analogs in Two Climatologically and Geographically Distinct Mountainous Regions

Quality of Local Scale Surface Weather Analogs in Two Climatologically and Geographically Distinct Mountainous Regions

In silico study of local anesthetics analogues on sodium channel Nav 1.7 a pharmacological target on inflamed dental pulp

The Nav1.7 sodium channel are expressed in dental pulp, so identifying analogous molecules of local anesthetics with high affinity for this channel under inflammatory conditions would be very useful in dental anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate local anesthetics analogues against Nav1.7 channel through molecular docking and dynamics. 3267 ligands were selected for virtual screening: 1 control ligand (Flecainide), 10 local anesthetics and 3256 structural analogues with human Nav1.7 (PDB 5EK0). Molecular protocol validation was performed with Flecainide-NavAb complex (PDB 6MVX). Molecular docking through AutoDock-Vina by binding energy between ligand-receptor and molecular dynamics simulation through AMBER16 software was developed. A predictive search of the ADME and toxicological properties were performed. The molecule-1 ligand presented the best binding energy (−6.4 kcal/mol), followed by the molecule-2 ligand with −6.3 kcal/mol. On molecular dynamics, molecule-1 analogue had the best behavior with the lowest RMSD, RMSF, SASA and Rg scores. In ADME and toxicological properties, all molecules had no violations of Lipinski's rules and had oral toxicity class III. Molecule-1 analogue can act as a potential drug for local anesthetics under inflammatory conditions by blocking pain pathways through Nav1.7 channel.

Subaru/FOCAS IFU revealed the metallicity gradient of a local extremely metal-poor galaxy

Abstract We present the first measurement of the metallicity gradient in extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs). With Subaru/Faint Object Camera And Spectrograph (FOCAS) Integral Field Unit (IFU), we have observed a nearby, low-mass EMPG, HSC J1631+4426, whose oxygen abundance and stellar mass are known to be 12 + log (O/H) = 6.9 and log10(M*/M⊙) = 5.8, respectively. The measured metallicity gradient is −0.36 ± 0.04 dex kpc−1 corresponding to −0.049 ± 0.006 dex$\:R_\mathrm{e}^{-1}$ for the continuum effective radius of Re = 0.14 kpc. Our observation has successfully demonstrated that three-dimensional spectroscopy with 8 m-class telescopes is powerful enough to reveal the metallicity distribution in local EMPGs, providing precious information on the baryon cycle in local analogs of primordial galaxies in the early Universe.

Local Analogs to High-redshift Galaxies. I. Characterization of Dust Emission and Star Formation History

Abstract Star-forming dwarf galaxies have properties similar to those expected in high-redshift galaxies. Hence, these local galaxies may provide insights into the evolution of the first galaxies and the physical processes at work. We present a sample of 11 potential local analogs to high-z (LAHz) galaxies. The sample consists of blue compact dwarf galaxies, selected to have spectral energy distributions that fit galaxies at 1.5 < z < 4. We use SOFIA-HAWC+ observations combined with optical and near-infrared data to characterize the dust properties, star formation rate (SFR), and star formation histories (SFHs) of the sample of LAHz galaxies. We employ Bayesian analysis to characterize the dust using two-component blackbody models. Using the Lightning package, we fit the spectral energy distribution of the LAHz galaxies over the far-UV−far-infrared wavelength range and derive the SFH in five time steps up to a look-back time of 13.3 Gyr. Of the 11 LAHz candidates, six galaxies have SFH consistent with no star formation activity at look-back times beyond 1 Gyr. The remaining galaxies show residual levels of star formation at ages ≳1 Gyr, making them less suitable as local analogs. The six young galaxies stand out in our sample by having the lowest gas-phase metallicities. They are characterized by warmer dust, having the highest specific SFR and the highest gas mass fractions. The young age of these six galaxies suggests that merging is less important as a driver of the star formation activity. The six LAHz candidates are promising candidates for studies of the gasdynamics role in driving star formation.