Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition strongly associated with overweight or obesity, often accompanied by dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and elevated liver enzymes. Exercise is recommended as a first-line lifestyle intervention, but evidence on the effects of different modalities, frequencies, and durations on metabolic and hepatic markers remains inconsistent. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify overall effects and compare intervention strategies. To evaluate the effects of exercise interventions on metabolic and hepatic function markers in overweight or obese patients with MASLD. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted from inception to March 15, 2025, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of exercise on metabolic and hepatic function markers in overweight or obese patients with MASLD. Backward citation tracking and manual searches were additionally performed to capture eligible studies through April 2025. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4 and Stata version 16. A total of 23 articles comprising 26 trials with 1,012 participants were included. The meta-analysis showed that exercise interventions significantly reduced total cholesterol (SMD = - 0.22, P = 0.004), triglycerides (SMD = - 0.27, P = 0.044) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD = - 0.22, P = 0.005), while significantly increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD = 0.24, P = 0.001). For liver function markers, exercise markedly improved alanine aminotransferase (SMD = - 0.40, P = 0.024), whereas the reductions in aspartate aminotransferase (SMD = - 0.29, P = 0.087) and γ-glutamyl transferase (SMD = - 0.29, P = 0.217) did not reach statistical significance. Regarding glucose metabolism, exercise significantly improved homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (SMD = - 0.35, P = 0.001), fasting glucose (SMD = - 0.15, P = 0.039) and insulin (SMD = - 0.19, P = 0.038). Subgroup analyses indicated that interventions with a frequency of three sessions per week, moderate duration (8-12weeks), and combined training modalities yielded greater improvements in triglycerides and alanine aminotransferase. Exercise interventions exert beneficial effects on lipid profiles, liver function, and glucose metabolism in overweight or obese patients with MASLD, with combined training performed at a moderate frequency over an 8-12-week period may show a more consistent pattern of improvement. The study protocol has been prospectively registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, ID: CRD420251051095.

Drinking water quality criteria value estimation for representative haloacetamide disinfection byproducts via a benchmark dose approach based on an association analysis between drinking water exposure and altered liver function in a community population in Wuxi from Jiangsu province.

Nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 may alleviate liver injury by regulating iron overload and lipid peroxidation induced by chronic fluorosis.

The Impact of Bee Pollen on Calves’ Health and Liver Function: A Pathway to Enhanced Livestock

Mild and reversible nephrotoxicity following repeated administration of damnacanthal in nude mice.

Role of Liver Function Assessment in Portal Venous Interventions and Locoregional Therapies for Liver Tumors.

Identification of oligopeptide components derived from Pseudostellaria heterophylla and its hypoglycemic effects in streptozotocin-induce type 2 diabetes mice.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals chronic PFBA exposure at environmental levels induces liver damage in zebrafish.

Prepubertal exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agents impairs sperm quality and elevates oxidative stress in adult rats.

Vascular disease continues to be the primary cause of mortality and disability, often attributed to atherosclerosis. The present pharmacological treatment of atherosclerosis has limited therapeutic effectiveness. Herein, we report the synthesis of supramolecular nanoparticles through host–guest interactions involving β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), polypropylene glycol (PPG), and folic acid (FA) to create FA-PPG-β-CD, which effectively encapsulates bioactive compounds from Pennisetum purpureum extract for the smart control release of foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Pennisetum purpureum-loaded nanoparticles can spontaneously self-assemble into nanostructures, exhibiting unique characteristics such as intrinsic green fluorescence and high structural stability. More importantly, nanoparticles embedded with Pennisetum purpureum exhibit well-controlled drug release due to their thermoresponsive properties. Moreover, an in vitro investigation revealed that Pennisetum purpureum-loaded nanoparticles reduced foam cell production due to the elevated temperature associated with inflammatory conditions. Notably, in vivo studies have shown that Pennisetum purpureum-loaded nanoparticles rapidly eliminate excess foam cells from atherogenic lesions in the abdominal aorta. Moreover, in vivo hematology, liver, and kidney function values remained within physiological limits following treatment with Pennisetum purpureum-loaded nanoparticles, indicating excellent biocompatibility and no adverse effects on other organs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of supramolecular nanoparticles encapsulating bioactive compounds from Pennisetum purpureum extract for targeting foam cells in inflammatory diseases.

Deoxynivalenol toxicity along the gut-liver-brain axis in animal models: Mechanisms of action and strategies for mitigation.

Eco-friendly selenium nanoparticles from Capsicum annuum: Impact on growth efficiency, blood biochemistry, immune response, intestinal morphology, and profitability in broiler chickens.

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) results from the obstruction of hepatic venous outflow and can occur anywhere from the level of the small hepatic veins (HVs) to the junction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the right atrium. The obstruction of the HVs can be global or segmental. This results in sinusoidal congestion, which leads to portal hypertension and subsequent centrilobular fibrosis, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, and ultimately cirrhosis. Treatment is aimed at restoring HV or IVC outflow by angioplasty, stent placement, or creating a portosystemic shunt, which in turn drastically reduces hepatic sinusoidal pressure. Thus, treatment strategies should be based on detailed knowledge of the underlying causal factors, lesion classification, clinical presentation, and baseline liver function. The BCS classification system is divided into types and subtypes that can guide interventional therapy, with the aim of standardizing the imaging diagnosis and interventional therapy of BCS. Intravascular US (IVUS) aids in BCS lesion characterization as described by the BCS classification system. It can help determine the need for stent placement following angioplasty and is helpful in portosystemic shunt creation. Additionally, IVUS can reduce radiation dose, contrast agent volume, and procedure time and increase the technical success rate of procedures. It is essential for the radiologist to understand the BCS classification system as a useful tool to guide interventional therapy. ©RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.

Investigating the efficacy of a photoacoustic probe in liver function assessment for diabetic mellitus.

Modulation of hepatic immune-metabolic pathways by oligochitosan in hybrid grouper infected with Edwardsiella ictaluri.

Abstract Introduction Chronic ketamine abuse is a growing public health concern associated with severe organ damage. While ketamine‐induced uropathy and cholangiopathy are well‐documented complications individually, their simultaneous presentation is rare. This dual‐system involvement, however, provides a key diagnostic clue on imaging. Case Presentation A 37‐year‐old female with a long‐standing history of substance abuse presented with fever, right loin pain, and deranged liver function tests showing a cholestatic pattern. Urgent computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were performed. Imaging revealed a distinct combination of findings: dilatation of the common bile duct and bilateral hydronephrosis. Key features included diffuse, smooth enhancement of the urothelium and the absence of mechanical obstruction in either the biliary or urinary systems. Conclusion The constellation of non‐obstructive biliary dilatation and inflammatory hydronephrosis is a classic presentation of ketamine‐induced cholangiopathy and uropathy. This case underscored the importance of recognizing this specific dual‐system injury pattern in a young patient. A high index of suspicion is crucial for diagnosis, as the history of illicit drug use is often underreported. Effective multidisciplinary communication is paramount to connect the clinical and radiological findings, ensuring an accurate and efficient diagnosis.

Metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is caused by multiple factors that lead to the buildup of steatosis and fat deposition in hepatocytes. These changes are the primary hallmarks of the disease and result in significant impairment of liver function. Consequently, the quality of life of patients and their ability to work are adversely affected. The pathogenesis of MASLD involves both Western and Chinese medicines, with these mechanisms markedly influencing the onset and progression of MASLD; they are not independent but rather interrelated. Conducting histopathological diagnosis of MASLD in the liver is challenging in humans. Consequently, both in vivo and in vitro models are essential. Researchers must select appropriate methods and model types to establish MASLD models that most suitably mimic the human body. Currently, both pharmacological and non‑pharmacological treatments have some efficacy in improving the condition of MASLD and the combination of the two is more helpful in providing more effective treatment for patients, but further research and clinical trials are needed to verify in the future. Therefore, the present review comprehensively summarized the pathogenesis, model and treatment of MASLD. It will provide an important basis for subsequent research on MASLD.

Bacteroides caecimuris reduces Candida albicans virulence and enhances host antifungal immunity under heat-humidity and high-fat-high-sugar stress.

The liver has a tremendous regeneration potential, yet chronic liver injury poses a life-threatening condition if not managed appropriately. Apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, has been a central focus of attention in recent years due to its significant antioxidant/anti-inflammatory potentials. In this study, we evaluated the acute toxicity and hepatoprotective effects of Apocynin against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Liver fibrosis was induced by 200 mg/kg TAA three times/week for two months, along with treatment with distilled water (positive control), silymarin (reference, 50 mg/kg), or apocynin (50 and 100 mg/kg/day). Hepatic tissues were screened for histopathological, biochemical, and immunohistochemical changes, while hepatic homogenate was examined for the antioxidant contents (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD) and MDA levels. Apocynin treatment showed significant hepatoprotective effects against TAA-hepatotoxicity, evidenced by reduced hepatic tissue alterations with a slight fibroplasia, reduction of hepatomegaly, less hepatic nodules/necrosis, and recovered hepatic function. Additionally, apocynin administration reduced oxidative stress by lowering pro-oxidants (MDA) and up-regulating antioxidants (SOD and CAT). Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic effects of apocynin were confirmed by reduced pro-apoptotic P53 proteins and β-catenin (tissue proliferation/aggregation enhancer). Apocynin treatment ameliorated ECM generation (lowered collagen bundles/fibrous septa) and reduced inflammatory (less TNf-α and IL-6 cytokines) mediators, all of which restored liver functional parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, and albumin). Apocynin attenuated TAA-mediated liver fibrosis by its modulatory potentials on several cytoprotective mechanisms associated with the oxidative stress/inflammation, making it a viable therapeutic source for liver fibrosis.

Tetrahydrocurcumin ameliorates metabolic disorders associated with obesity by regulating gut microbiota homeostasis.